A CRITICAL COMPARISON BETWEEN THE PRESIDENCY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS (DİYANET İŞLERİ BAŞKANLIĞI) AND THE OFFICE OF SHAYKH AL-ISLÂM
Öz
After the 19th century, a great number of religious institutions that manage religious
affairs were established in many Muslim countries. These religious institutions bear
official identity since they were established by states. Some academics, authors and
intellectuals liken these institutions to the offices of Shaykh al-Islām that existed
between 11th and 18th centuries and evaluate modern religious institutions as if the
follow-up these religious offices. This results in some misunderstandings. The article compares the Presidency of Religious affairs in Turkey to the office of Shaykh
al-Islām in the Ottoman Empire with the intent of obviating these misunderstandings. Before comparing these two religious institutions, the article presents brief
explanations of their history, establishment and functions in their times, and then
these two institutions are comparatively evaluated from two different perspectives.
In the first instance, it is drawn a parallel between two in terms of their jurisdiction.
In the second instance, the functions and roles of fatwās issued by the two are evaluated in their respective environments. The comparison and evaluation of the two
institutions from these angles considerably help to scatter the misconceptions to
which are led by those academics, authors and critics who establish strong similarities between past and modern religious institutions.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Religious Institutions,the Diyanet,the Office of Shaykh al-Islām,Fatwā,Islamic Law
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