The Multifaceted Role of Muscle Contraction Types in Exercise and Rehabilitation

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this review is to explain the physiological basis of muscle contraction mechanisms and examine the structural, functional, and practical aspects of different muscle contraction types (dynamic, eccentric, concentric, isokinetic, and auxotonic) from a multidisciplinary perspective. Method: This is a review article that aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature on muscle contraction types and their applications in exercise and rehabilitation by systematically reviewing the current literature. The literature search was conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Results: Studies in the literature demonstrate that each muscle contraction type has unique advantages and potential applications. Eccentric contractions, due to their ability to produce high force with low metabolic costs, are particularly prominent in rehabilitation processes and in older individuals. Auxotonic contractions, due to their resemblance to functional movements, are preferred in daily life-based exercises. Concentric contractions play an important role in force production and movement initiation, while isokinetic contractions contribute to the objective assessment of performance. Conclusion: Muscle contraction types are not only physiological but also relevant to multidisciplinary fields such as training, exercise prescription, rehabilitation, and technological applications. In this context, the study aims to contribute theoretically and practically to individualized exercise design and functional applications.

Egzersiz ve Rehabilitasyonda Kas Kasılma Tiplerinin Çok Yönlü Rolü

Öz

Amaç: Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, kas kasılma mekanizmasının fizyolojik temellerini açıklamak ve farklı kas kasılma tiplerinin (dinamik, eksantrik, konsantrik, izokinetik, oksotonik) yapısal, işlevsel ve uygulamalı yönlerini çok disiplinli bir bakış açısıyla incelemektir. Yöntem: Bu çalışma, kas kasılma tipleri ve bunların egzersiz ile rehabilitasyondaki uygulamalarına ilişkin güncel literatürü sistematik biçimde tarayarak konuya kapsamlı bir bakış sunmayı amaçlayan bir derleme makalesidir. Literatür taraması, Google Scholar, PubMed ve Web of Science veri tabanlarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Literatürde yer alan çalışmalar, her bir kas kasılma tipinin kendine özgü avantajlara ve kullanım potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Eksantrik kasılmaların düşük metabolik maliyetle yüksek kuvvet üretimi sağlaması nedeniyle özellikle rehabilitasyon süreçlerinde ve yaşlı bireylerde öne çıktığı; oksotonik kasılmaların ise fonksiyonel hareketlere yakınlığıyla günlük yaşam temelli egzersizlerde tercih edildiği görülmektedir. Konsantrik kasılmalar kuvvet üretimi ve hareketin başlatılmasında önemli rol oynarken, izokinetik kasılmalar performansın objektif değerlendirilmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Sonuç: Kas kasılma tiplerinin sadece fizyolojik değil, aynı zamanda eğitim, egzersiz reçetesi, rehabilitasyon ve teknolojik uygulamalar gibi çok birçok bilim alanı ile ilişkili olduğu görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın bireyselleştirilmiş egzersiz tasarımı ve fonksiyonel uygulamalar açısından teorik ve pratik katkı sunması hedeflenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : Kas kasılması
• kas fizyolojisi
• bireyselleştirilmiş egzersiz
• rehabilitasyon
• spor bilimleri

Kaynakça

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