The effect of sociodemographic features, hopelessness and anxiety of death on frailty levels of elderlys: A cross-sectional study

Öz

Objectives: The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of sociodemographic characteristics, hopelessness and anxiety of death of elderly individuals on frailty levels in elderly individuals. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 402 elderly individuals between January and April 2023. Research data were collected with the Elderly Sociodemographic Features Form, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Templer Death Anxiety Scale and the FRAIL Scale. The data were evaluated with the SPSS 26 package program. Results: 79.6% of the participants were in the 65-74 age group, hopelessness, anxiety of death and frailty levels respectively 10.14±4.56, 9.17±2.84, and 0.92±0.87. Conclusion: The study revealed that the hopelessness and anxiety of death levels of elderly individuals were at medium levels, and 60.7% of them were prefragile. When the frailty levels of the elderly individuals participating in the study were compared according to their sociodemographic features, it was found that vulnerability levels differed statistically significantly according to family structure, educational status, employment status, income status, place of residence and smoking status. It was found that hopelessness and chronic disease status significantly predicted frailty

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anxiety of death
• elderly
• frailty
• hopelessness

Kaynakça

1. 1. Kang H, Kim H. Ageism and psychological well-being among older adults: a systematic review. Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2022;8:23337214221087023. https://doi.org/10.1177/23337214221087023
2. 2. Chu W, Chang SF, Ho HY. Adverse health effects of frailty: systematic review and meta-analysis of middle-aged and older adults with implications for evidence-based practice. Worldviews Evidence-Based Nurs. 2021;18(4):282–289. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12508
3. 3. Nair P, Walters K, Aw S, Gould R, Kharicha K, Buszewicz MC, et al. Self-management of depression and anxiety amongst frail older adults in the United Kingdom: a qualitative study. PLoS One. 2022;17(12):e0264603. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264603
4. 4. Missler M, Stroebe M, Geurtsen L, Mastenbroek M, Chmoun S, Van Der Houwen K. Exploring death anxiety among elderly people: a literature review and empirical investigation. Omega (Westport). 2012;64(4):357–379. https://doi.org/10.2190/OM.64.4.e
5. 5. Alagh T, Ghosh S. Impact of fear of personal death on life satisfaction among older people. J Posit Sch Psychol. 2022;6(5):401–408.
6. 6. Cetinkol G, Bastug G, Kizil ETO. Poor acceptance of the past is related to depressive symptoms in older adults. GeroPsych. 2020;33(4):246–251. https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000227
7. 7. Aghababaei N, Sohrabi F, Eskandari H, Borjali A, Farrokhi N, Chen ZJ. Predicting subjective well-being by religious and scientific attitudes with hope, purpose in life, and death anxiety as mediators. Pers Individ Dif. 2016;90:93–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.046
8. 8. Xue QL. The frailty syndrome: definition and natural history. Clin Geriatr Med. 2011;27(1):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2010.08.009

9. 9. Snyder CR, Lopez SJ. Handbook of positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135336.001.0001
10. 10. Lerner J, Li Y, Valdesolo P, Kassam K. Emotion and decision making. Annu Rev Psychol. 2015;66(1):799–823. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115043
11. 11. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. İstatistiklerle yaşlılar [Internet]. Accessed April 14; 2023. Ankara: TÜİK; 2022. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Yaslilar-2022-49667
12. 12. Seber G, Dilbaz N, Kaptanoğlu C, Tekin D. Hopelessness scale: validity and reliability. Kriz J. 1993;1(3):139–142. https://doi.org/10.1501/Kriz_0000000045
13. 13. Şenol C. Ankara ilindeki huzurevlerinde yaşayan yaşlılarda ölüm kaygısı ve ölüm korkusu [master’s thesis]. Ankara: Ankara University; 1989.
14. 14. Hymabaccus Muradi B. Yaşlılarda kırılganlığı ölçmeye yönelik FRAIL ölçeği’nin Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [medical specialty thesis]. Ankara: Hacettepe University; 2017.
15. 15. George D, Mallery P. IBM SPSS Statistics 26 step by step: a simple guide and reference. 16th ed. New York: Routledge; 2020. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429056765
16. 16. Fong JH. Disability incidence and functional decline among older adults with major chronic diseases. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1):323. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1348-z
17. 17. Marmamula S, Modepalli SB, Kumbham TR, Challa R, Keeffe JE. Prevalence of disabilities and non-communicable diseases in an elderly population in the Telangana state, India: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(2):e041755. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041755
18. 18. Romo-Martínez P, Salcedo-Rodríguez PE, Fomina A, Sandoval-Aguilar M, Zumaya N, Cortazar LA, et al. Prevalence of despair and social-demographic factors related of repatriated mexican migrants. Enfermería Univ. 2018;15(1):55–62. https://doi.org/10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2018.1.62908
19. 19. Sarin K P P, Sethi S, Nagar I. Depression and hopelessness in institutionalized elderly: a societal concern. Open J Depress. 2016;5(3):21–27. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojd.2016.53003
20. 20. Salık S, Sarıtaş SÇ. Kalp yetersizlikli hastalarda yaşam kalitesi ve umutsuzluk düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2021;12(29):173–182. https://doi.org/10.5543/khd.2021.51523
21. 21. Bilgin BB, Gökler R. Görme engelli yetişkin bireylerin gelecek beklentileri ve umutsuzluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Sos Polit ve Sos Hizmet Çalışmaları Derg. 2022;3(2):184–203.
22. 22. Mohammadpour A, Sadeghmoghadam L, Shareinia H, Jahani S, Amiri F. Investigating the role of perception of aging and associated factors in death anxiety among the elderly. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;405–410. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S150697
23. 23. Khalvati M, Babakhanian M, Khalvati M, Nafei A, Khalvati M, Ghafuri R. Death anxiety in the elderly in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran J Ageing. 2021;16(2):152–171. https://doi.org/10.32598/sija.16.2.862.2
24. 24. Mete B, Tanir F, Kanat C. The effect of fear of COVID-19 and social isolation on the fragility in the elderly. Turk Geriatr Derg. 2021;24(1):23–31. https://doi.org/10.31086/tjgeri.2021.196
25. 25. Vieira GÂCM, Costa EP, Medeiros ACT, Costa MML, Rocha FAT. Avaliação da fragilidade em idosos participantes de um centro de convivência. Rev Pesqui Cuid Fundam (Online). 2017;9(1):114–121. https://doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2017.v9i1.114-121
26. 26. Kurtoğlu S, İnkaya B. Level of frailty and self-efficacy in elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes: descriptive research. Turkiye Klin J Nurs Sci. 2022;14(3):825–834. https://doi.org/10.5336/nurses.2021-86451
27. 27. Yalınkılıç M. Kalp Yetersizliği olan yaşlı bireylerin kırılganlık durumunun belirlenmesi. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2020;11(25):51–59. https://doi.org/10.5543/khd.2020.06025
28. 28. Canbolat Seyman C, Sara Y. The opinions of Turkish older adults related to frailty: a qualitative study. Orthop Nurs. 2021;40(6):375–382. https://doi.org/10.1097/NOR.0000000000000785
29. 29. Liu T, Wong G, Luo H, Tang J, Lum T. Wish for the future and active engagement in life: an ecological momentary assessment study. Innov Aging. 2018;2(Suppl 1):1011. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy031.3735
30. 30. Astrone P, Perracini MR, Martin FC, Marsh DR, Cesari M. The potential of assessment based on the WHO framework of intrinsic capacity in fragility fracture prevention. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022;34(11):2635–2643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-022-02186-w