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Karaciğer Fibrozisinde Sitokinlerin Rolü

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 111 - 122, 01.04.2021

Öz

Karaciğer fibrozisi, hepatik parankimanın farklı bölgelerinde ekstraselüler matriks (ECM) birikimine neden olan α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) proteini gibi bir seri proteinin ekspresyonunu başlatan ve esas olarak kolajen üretimi ile ilişkili olan hepatik stellat hücrelerinin (HSCs) aktivasyonu ile karakterize bir hastalıktır. Tüm dünyada yaygın olarak görülen karaciğer fibrozisi; viral enfeksiyonlar, alkol alımı veya metabolik sendrom sebebiyle steatohepatit, otoimmün hastalıklar ve safra tıkanıklığına bağlı olarak kolestaz da dahil olmak üzere çeşitli kronik karaciğer bozukluklarının bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Karaciğer fibrozisi, ciddi morbidite oranı ile sonuçlanan önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Hastalığın patogenezinde hasarlı bölgeye toplanan inflamatuar hücrelerin ve profibrojenik sitokinlerin salınımı kritik rol oynamaktadır. Karaciğer patogenezinde inflamatuar yanıt 3 yolla oluşmaktadır. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α ve IFN-γ üretimi ile karakterize olan tip 1 inflamasyon proinflamatuar ve anti-fibrojenik özellikte olup karaciğer inflamasyonu ile ilişkilidir. IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-25 ve IL-33 üretimi ile karakterize olan tip 2 inflamasyon karaciğer progresyonu ile ilişkili olup azalan hepatik inflamasyonla ilişkilidir. Mevcut teori tip 1 ve tip 2 inflamasyon arasındaki dengesizliğin karaciğerdeki fibrozisi tetiklediği yönündedir. Tip 3 inflamasyon ise IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22 ve IL-26, grup 3 başlatıcı lenfoid hücre (ILC3), T yardımcı hücre 17 (Th17) ve T yardımcı hücre 22 (Th22) ile karakterizedir. Tip 3 sitokinler doku homeostazında patolojik olarak önemli bir role sahiptir. Tip 3 immünitede meydana gelen bozukluk anormal doku tamiri, kronik inflamatuar hastalıklar, bağırsak ve akciğer kanserleri ile ilişkilidir. Bu çalışma ile sitokinlerin karaciğer fibrozisi üzerindeki rolünü derlemeyi amaçladık.

Kaynakça

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Role of Cytokines in Liver Fibrosis

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 111 - 122, 01.04.2021

Öz

Liver fibrosis is a characterized by activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) that mainly associated with collagen production which initiate the expression of a series of proteins such as the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein that causes accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in different regions of the hepatic parenchyma. In worldwide, Liver fibrosis occurs as a result of various chronic liver disorders including steatohepatitis due to viral infections, alcohol intake or metabolic syndrome, autoimmune diseases and cholestasis due to biliary obstruction. Liver fibrosis is an important health problem that results in severe morbidity. The release of inflammatory cells and profibrogenic cytokines collected in the damaged area plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Inflammatory response occurs in 3 ways in liver pathogenesis. Type 1 inflammation which is characterized by the production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ is proinflammatory, anti-fibrogenic and associated with liver inflammation. Type 2 inflammation characterized by the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-25 and IL-33 is associated with liver progression and associated with reduced hepatic inflammation. The current theory is that the imbalance between type 1 and type 2 inflammation triggers liver fibrosis. Type 3 inflammation is characterized by IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22 and IL-26, group 3 initiating lymphoid cell (ILC3), T helper cell 17 (Th17) and T helper cell 22 (Th22). Type 3 cytokines have a pathologically important role in tissue homeostasis. The disorder that occurs in type 3 immunity is associated with abnormal tissue repair, chronic inflammatory diseases, bowel and lung cancers. In our study, we aim to review the role of cytokines in liver fibrosis.

Kaynakça

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  • 111. Dixon KO, van der Kooij SW, Vignali DA, van Kooten C. Human tolerogenic dendritic cells produce IL-35 in the absence of other IL-12 family members. Eur J Immunol 2015;45(6):1736-47.
  • 112. Choi J, Leung PS, Bowlus C, Gershwin ME. IL-35 and Autoimmunity: a Comprehensive Perspective. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015;49(3):327-32.
  • 113. Tsuda M, Zhang W, Yang GX, Tsuneyama K, Ando Y, Kawata K, et al. Deletion of interleukin (IL)-12p35 induces liver fibrosis in dominant-negative TGFbeta receptor type II mice. Hepatology 2013;57(2):806-16.
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  • 116. Schmitz J, Owyang A, Oldham E, Song Y, Murphy E, McClanahan TK, et al. IL-33, an interleukin-1-like cytokine that signals via the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 and induces T helper type 2-associated cytokines. Immunity 2005;23(5):479-90.
  • 117. Tan Z, Liu Q, Jiang R, Lv L, Shoto SS, Maillet I, et al. Interleukin-33 drives hepatic fibrosis through activation of hepatic stellate cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2018;15(4):388-98.
  • 118. McHedlidze T, Waldner M, Zopf S, Walker J, Rankin AL, Schuchmann M, et al. Interleukin-33-dependent innate lymphoid cells mediate hepatic fibrosis. Immunity 2013;39(2):357-71.
  • 119. Zhao PW, Shi X, Li C, Ayana DA, Niu JQ, Feng JY, et al. IL-33 Enhances Humoral Immunity Against Chronic HBV Infection Through Activating CD4(+)CXCR5(+) TFH Cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015;35(6):454-63.
  • 120. Li D, Guabiraba R, Besnard AG, Komai-Koma M, Jabir MS, Zhang L, et al. IL-33 promotes ST2-dependent lung fibrosis by the induction of alternatively activated macrophages and innate lymphoid cells in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;134(6):1422-32 e11.
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  • 141. Wang F, Wan L, Zhang C, Zheng X, Li J, Chen ZK. Tim-3-Galectin-9 pathway involves the suppression induced by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Immunobiology 2009;214(5):342-9.
  • 142. Zhao L, Liang J, Rao W, Cui M, Ren S, Zhang L, et al. Cross-regulation by TLR4 and T cell Ig mucin-3 determines severity of liver injury in a CCl4-induced mouse model. Scand J Immunol 2020;91(4):e12851.
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Toplam 148 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Merve Anapalı

Eda Balkan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Anapalı, M., & Balkan, E. (2021). Karaciğer Fibrozisinde Sitokinlerin Rolü. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences, 11(1), 111-122.
AMA Anapalı M, Balkan E. Karaciğer Fibrozisinde Sitokinlerin Rolü. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences. Nisan 2021;11(1):111-122.
Chicago Anapalı, Merve, ve Eda Balkan. “Karaciğer Fibrozisinde Sitokinlerin Rolü”. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences 11, sy. 1 (Nisan 2021): 111-22.
EndNote Anapalı M, Balkan E (01 Nisan 2021) Karaciğer Fibrozisinde Sitokinlerin Rolü. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences 11 1 111–122.
IEEE M. Anapalı ve E. Balkan, “Karaciğer Fibrozisinde Sitokinlerin Rolü”, Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences, c. 11, sy. 1, ss. 111–122, 2021.
ISNAD Anapalı, Merve - Balkan, Eda. “Karaciğer Fibrozisinde Sitokinlerin Rolü”. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences 11/1 (Nisan 2021), 111-122.
JAMA Anapalı M, Balkan E. Karaciğer Fibrozisinde Sitokinlerin Rolü. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences. 2021;11:111–122.
MLA Anapalı, Merve ve Eda Balkan. “Karaciğer Fibrozisinde Sitokinlerin Rolü”. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences, c. 11, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 111-22.
Vancouver Anapalı M, Balkan E. Karaciğer Fibrozisinde Sitokinlerin Rolü. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences. 2021;11(1):111-22.