Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Akıllı Telefon Kullanımı Bağımlılığının Boyun Ağrısı ve Disabilite Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 225 - 230, 01.08.2021

Sevtap Badıl Güloğlu Ümit Yalçın

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma akıllı telefon kullanımı bağımlılığı ile boyun ağrısı ve disabilite arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak amacıyla planlandı.
Materyal ve Metot: Kars Kafkas Üniversitesi ve İstanbul Biruni Üniveristesi’nde öğrenim gören 501 öğrenci çalışmaya dahil edildi. Üniversite öğrencisi olmak, akıllı telefon kullanıcısı olmak, herhangi bir sistemik, nörolojik ve psikiyatrik hastalık öyküsü olmaması dahil edilme kriterleriydi. Tüm katılımcılar akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ölçeği (SAS), boyun ağrısına ilişkin Visuel Analog Skala (VAS) ve Neck Disability Index (NDI) ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Dahil edilen 501 üniversite öğrencisinin yaş ortalaması 21,0±1,9 idi. Katılımcıların %57,7’si kadın, %42,3’ü erkekti. Katılımcıların boyun ağrısı VAS ortalaması 3,8 (±2,2), SAS ortalaması 94,5 (±27,2), NDI ortalaması 10,6 (±7,0) olarak bulundu. Cinsiyetler arasında SAS skorları açısından anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı (p>0,05). Orta-şiddetli-tamamen özürlülük olan grupta VAS skoru, SAS skoru hafif özürlülük ve özürlülük olmayan gruptan anlamlı (p>0,05) olarak daha yüksekti. Yapılan spearman korelasyon analizine göre SAS ile VAS ve NDI skoru arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyon mevcuttu (p değeri sırasıyla 0,005, 0,001).
Sonuç: Akıllı telefon kullanımına bağımlılığın sağlıklı genç erişkinlerde boyun ağrısı ve disabilite ile ilişkili olduğu görüldü. Bu sonuçlar akıllı telefon kullanımı bağımlılığının yaratacağı fiziksel riskler konusunda toplumun bilgilendirilmesinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Bireyler bir akıllı telefon kullanarak harcanan zamanı azaltmak için çaba sarf etmeli ve kullanımı sırasında uygun bir duruş sürdürmeye çalışmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

akıllı telefon bağımlılığı, boyun ağrısı, öğrenci

The Effect of Smartphone Addiction on Neck Pain and Disability in University Students

Öz

Aim: This study was planned to investigate the relationship between neck pain and disability with smartphone use addiction.
Material and Method: 501 students from Kars Kafkas University and Istanbul Biruni University were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were being a university student, being a smartphone user, and not having any history of systemic, neurological or psychiatric diseases. All participants were evaluated with smartphone addiction scale (SAS), Visuel Analogue Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) for neck pain.
Results: The mean age of the 501 university students included was 21.0±1.9.57.7% of the participants were female and 42.3% were male. The mean VAS of the neck pain was 3.8 (±2.2), the mean SAS was 94.6 (±27.1), and the mean NDI was 10.6 (±7.0). Significant difference was not found between the genders in terms of SAS scores (p>0.05). The VAS and SAS scores were significantly higher in the moderate-severe-totally disability group than the mild disability and non-disability group (p>0.05). According to spearman correlation analysis, there was a significant positive correlation between SAS and VAS and NDI scores (p value 0.005, 0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: Addiction to smartphone use was associated with neck pain and disability in healthy young adults. These results reveal the importance of informing the society about the physical risks of smartphone addiction. Individuals should strive to reduce the time spent using a smartphone and try to maintain a proper posture during use.

Anahtar Kelimeler

neck pain; smartphone addiction; student

Kaynakça

• 1. Hosgor H, Tandogan O. Effect of Nomophobia on duration of daily smartphone usage and school success: The example of health personnel candidates. The Journal of Academic Social Science 2017;46(5):573–95.
• 2. Haug S, Castro RP, Kwon M, Filler A, Kowatsch T, Schaub MP. Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland. J Behav Addict 2015;4(4):299–307.
• 3. Grant JE, Lust K, Chamberlain SR. Problematic smartphone use associated with greater alcohol consumption, mental health issues, poorer academic performance, and impulsivity. J Behav Addict 2019;8(2):335–342.
• 4. Madge C, Meek J, Wellens J, Hooley T. Facebook, social integration and informal learning at university:`It is more for socialising and talking to friends about work than for actually doing work. Learn Media Technol 2009;34(2):141–55.
• 5. Demirci K, Demirci S, Akgönül M. Headache in Smartphone Users: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Neurol Psychol 2016;4(1):5.
• 6. Tossell C, Kortum P, Shepard C, Rahmati A, Zhong L. Exploring Smartphone Addiction: Insights from Long Term Telemetric Behavioral Measures. Int J Interact Mob Technol 2015;9(2):37–43.
• 7. Ahmed S, Pokhrel N, Roy S, Samuel AJ. Impact of nomophobia: A nondrug addiction among students of physiotherapy course using an online cross-sectional survey. Indian J Psychiatry 2019;61(1):77–80.
• 8. Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min JA, Hahn J et al. Development and Validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). Plos one 2013;8(2): e 56936.
• 9. Berolo S, Wells RP, Amick BC 3rd. Musculoskeletal symptoms among mobile hand-held device users and their relationship to device use: A preliminary study in a Canadian university population. Appl Ergon 2011;42(2):371–8.
• 10. Eitivipart AC, Viriyarojanakul S, Redhead L. Musculoskeletal disorder and pain associated with smartphone use: A systematic review of biomechanical evidence. Hong Kong Physiother J 2018;38(2):77–90.
• 11. Maniwa H, Kotani K, Suzuki S, Asao T. Changes in posture of the upper extremity through the use of various sizes of tablets and characters. In: Int Conf Human Interface and the Management of Information. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2013;89–96.
• 12. Gold JE, Driban JB, Yingling VR, Komaroff E. Characterization of posture and comfort in laptop users in non-desk settings. Appl Ergon 2012;43(2):392–9.
• 13. Telci EA, Karaduman A, Yakut Y, Aras B, Simsek IE, Yagli N. The cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of neck disability index in patients with neck pain: a Turkish version study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009;34(16):1732–5.
• 14. Vernon H, Mior S. The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1991;14(7):409–15.
• 15. Demirci K, Orhan H, Demirdas A, Akpınar A, Sert H. Validity and reliability of the Turkish Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale in a younger population. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2014;24:226–234.
• 16. Jenkins M, Menéndez CC, Amick BC 3rd, Tullar J, Hupert N, Robertson MM, et al. Undergraduate college students’ upper extremity symptoms and functional limitations related to computer use: a replication study. Work 2007;28(3):231–8.
• 17. Long J, Liu TQ, Liao YH, Qi C, He HY, Chen SB, Billieux J. Prevalence and correlates of problematic smartphone use in a large random sample of Chinese undergraduates. BMC Psychiatry 2016;16(1):408.
• 18. AlAbdulwahab SS, Kachanathu SJ, AlMotairi MS. Smartphone use addiction can cause neck disability. Musculoskeletal Care 2017;15(1):10–2.
• 19. Shah PP, Sheth MS. Correlation of smartphone use addiction with text neck syndrome and SMS thumb in physiotherapy students. Int J Community Med Public Health 2018;5:2512–6.
• 20. Ahmed S, Pokhrel N, Roy S, Samuel AJ. Impact of nomophobia: A nondrug addiction among students of physiotherapy course using an online cross-sectional survey. Indian J Psychiatry 2019;61(1):77–80.
• 21. Panova T, Carbonell X. Is smartphone addiction really an addiction? J Behav Addict 2018;7(2):252–9.
• 22. Elserty NS, Helmy NA, Mounir KM. Smartphone addiction and its relation to musculoskeletal pain in Egyptian physical therapy students. Eur J Physiother 2018. [Last accessed on 2019 Sep 17].
• 23. Alsalameh AM, Harisi MJ, Alduayji MA, Almutham AA, Mahmood FM. Evaluating the relationship between smartphone addiction/overuse and musculoskeletal pain among medical students at Qassim University. J Family Med Prim Care 2019;8(9):2953–9.
• 24. Sabeen F, Bashir MS, Hussain SI, Ehsan S. Prevalance of Neck Pain in Computer Users. Annals 2013;19(2):137–143.
• 25. Young JG, Trudeau M, Odell D, Marinelli K, Dennerlein JT. Touch-screen tablet user configurations and case-supported tilt affect head and neck flexion angles. Work 2012;41(1):81–91.
• 26. Lee S, Kang H, Shin G. Head flexion angle while using a smartphone. Ergonomics 2015;58(2):220–6.
• 27. Kuo YR, Fang JJ, Wu CT, Lin RM, Su PF, Lin CL. Analysis of a customized cervical collar to improve neck posture during smartphone usage: a comparative study in healthy subjects. Eur Spine J 2019;28(6):1793–1803.
• 28. Hansraj KK. Assessment of stresses in the cervical spine caused by posture andposition of the head. Surg Technol Int 2014;25:277–9.
• 29. Kim YG, Kang MH, KimJW, Jang JH, Oh JS. Influenceof the duration of smartphone usage on flexion angles of the cervicaland lumbar spine and on reposition error in the cervical spine. PhysicalTherapy Korea 2013;20(1), 10–7.
• 30. Fredriksson K, Alfredsson L, Ahlberg G, Josephson M, Kilbom Å, Hjelm EW et al. Work environment and neck and shoulder pain: The influence of exposure time. Results from a population based case-control study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;59(3), 182–88.
• 31. Guan X, Fan G, Wu X, Zeng Y, Su H, Gu G, et al. Photographic measurement of head and cervical posture when viewing mobile phone: a pilot study. Eur Spine J 2015;24(12):2892–8.
• 32. Kim MS. Influence of neck pain on cervical movement in the sagittal plane during smartphone use. J Phys Ther Sci 2015;27(1):15.
• 33. Zhuang L, Wang L, Xu D, Wang Z, Liang R. Association between excessive smartphone use and cervical disc degeneration in young patients suffering from chronic neck pain. J Orthop Sci. [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 20] 020;S0949–2658(20)30060–9.
• 34. Yılmaz D, Çinar HG, Özyazıcıoğlu N. The Examination of Relationship between Smart Phone, Internet Addiction and Upper Extremity Fuctional Activity Levels among Nursing Students. SDÜ Journal of Health Science 2017;8(3), 34–9.
• 35. Noyan CO, Darçın AE, Nurmedov S, Yılmaz O, Dilbaz N. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version among university students. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2015;16(Special issue 1):73–81.