RUSYA VE OSMANLI İMPARATORLUKLARI ARASINDAKİ COĞRAFÎ VE TARİHSEL REKABET ÜZERİNE: KAFKASYA, KARADENİZ VE SAVAŞ

Öz

Bir bölgeyi denizler, nehirler, göller, dağlar, tepeler ve geçitler gibi tüm coğrafî özellikleriyle hayal etmek karmaşık bir süreçtir ve dahası bölgede veya yakınında inşa edilen limanlar, kaleler, köprüler ve kanallar gibi yapılar bunu daha da karmaşık hale getirebilir. Buna ek olarak, Kafkasya’yı XIX. yüzyılın başlarında bir savaş alanı olarak anlamak için Karadeniz ve Hazar denizi, doğu Anadolu ve Zagros bölgesi gibi komşu bölgeleri de hesaba katmak gerekir. Metodolojik olarak coğrafya ve tarih dünyayı anlamaya çalışmanın farklı yollarıdır ancak birbirleriyle o kadar yakından ilişkilidirler ki ikisini de görmezden gelmek mümkün değildir. Savaş, coğrafya ve tarih arasında önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Bu nedenle savaş coğrafyası, herhangi bir çatışmanın doğasını tam olarak anlamak ve analiz etmek için dikkat edilmesi gereken karmaşık ama önemli bir inceleme sahasıdır. Tarihsel olarak, yeni ve verimli topraklar, kilit iletişim yolları, stratejik noktalar ve doğal kaynaklar elde etme arzusu genellikle bir savaş nedeni olmuştur. Savaş, devletlerin evrimindeki en kilit unsurlardan biri olmuştur. Ancak bir bölgenin coğrafyası sadece haritalarda değil, aynı zamanda insanların hayal gücünde de bulunur ve bir bölgedeki savaş deneyimi bu hayal gücü üzerinde güçlü bir etkiye sahip olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kafkasya
• Karadeniz
• Coğrafya
• Savaş
• Strateji

ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL RIVALRY BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN AND OTTOMAN EMPIRES: CAUCASUS, BLACK SEA AND WAR

Öz

To imagine a region with its all-geographical features such as seas, rivers, lakes, mountains, hills and passes is a complicated process, and moreover the constructions built in or near the region such as ports, fortresses, bridges and canals can make it more complicated. In addition, to understand the Caucasus as a theatre of war in the early nineteenth century one also needs to take into account adjacent regions such as the Black and Caspian seas, eastern Anatolia and the Zagros region. Methodologically, geography and history are distinct ways of looking at the world but they are so closely related that one cannot afford to ignore either. War holds a significant position between geography and history. For this reason, the geography of war is a complicated but significant area of research that needs attention to fully understand and analyse the nature of any specific conflict. Historically, the desire to acquire new and fertile land, key communication routes, strategic points and natural resources has generally been a cause of war. War has been one of the most vital elements in the evolution of states. But the geography of a region exists not just in maps but also in a people’s imagination and the experience of war in a region can have a strong impact on this imagination.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Caucasus
• Black Sea
• Geography
• War
• Strategy

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