Araştırma Makalesi
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MAKARIOS’ ACHIEVEMENT AND THE FAILURE OF NATO: THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS PARTNERSHIP

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 83, 701 - 717, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1435154

Öz

This paper aims to explore the period after the collapse of the Republic of Cyprus partnership. The Turkish Cyp-riot leadership on the island was not fully satisfied with Ankara’s policy towards the island during this period. And Turkey was not fully satisfied with its policy towards the island either. Furthermore, the Greek Cypriot lea-dership on the island was dissatisfied with the constant leadership by Athens. Likewise, Athens was dissatisfied with Makarios, who moved away from Enosis. While the Greek Cypriot leadership were willing to pave the way for Enosis during this period by making the Turkish minority on the island an ineffective minority, depriving it of its constitutional rights, Turkey prepared some strategies to develop the Taksim policy. As a result, Makarios neutralised the influence of the NATO quartet (the United States, Britain, Turkey and Greece) on the island with his Moscow and Non-Aligned card for a while.

Etik Beyan

Ethics committee approval: This paper does not require ethics committee approval.

Kaynakça

  • ALLISON, R. (1988). The Soviet Union and the strategy of non-alignment in the Third World. Cambridge University Press.
  • ARNOLD, G. (2010). The A to Z of the Non-aligned Movement and Third World (Vol. 172). United States of America: Scarecrow Press.
  • AZİZ, A. İ. (1969a). “1964 yılında Kıbrıs burhanı ve Sovyetler Birliği”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi XXIV/3: 167- 210.
  • AZİZ, A. İ. (1969b). “Sovyetler’in Kıbrıs Tutumları 1965-1970”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi XXIV/4: 201-244.
  • BAKER, R. H. (1978). “Understanding Soviet Foreign Policy”. The RUSI Journal, CXXIII/1: 46-51.
  • BİLGE, A. S. (1987). “Kıbrıs uyuşmazlığı ve Türkiye Sovyetler Birliği münasebetleri”. In M. Gönlübol (Ed.), Olaylarla Türk dış politikası, (Cilt I). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Yayınları.
  • BİLGE, A. S. (1996). Ankara-Atina-Lefkoşe üçgeni. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • BLANTON, S. L., & Kegley, C. W. (2016). World Politics: Trend and Transformation, 2016-2017 (16th ed.). Cengage Learning.
  • BRITANNICA, T. Editors of Encyclopedia (2014, May 1). de-Stalinization. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/de-Stalinization
  • CRAWSHAW, N. (1978). The Cyprus revolt: An account of the struggle for union with Greece. London: G. Allen & Unwin.
  • DAWISHA, A. (2016). Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: From Triumph to Despair. Princeton Uni- versity Press.
  • DENKTAŞ, R. R. (2000). Hatıralar (Toplayış) - Kıbrıs: Elli yılın hikayesi, [X. Cilt]. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Yayınları.
  • DODD, C. (2010). The History and Politics of the Cyprus Conflict. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • DRUŞOTİS, M. (2008). Kıbrıs 1963-1964 İlk Bölünme. Lefkoşa: Galeri Kültür Yayınları.
  • GÜREL, Ş. S. (1984). Kıbrıs Tarihi (1878-1960), Kolonyalizm, Ulusçuluk ve Uluslararası Politika. İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları.
  • HOLLAND, R. (1995). “NATO and the struggle for Cyprus”. Journal of Modern Greek Studies, XIII/1: 33-61.
  • KENNEDY, J. F., ed. (1964). Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: John F. Kennedy, Contai-ning The Public Messages, Speeches, And Statements of the President, January 1 to November 22, 1963. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 459-464.
  • KIRALP, Ş. (2015). Başpiskopos Makarios ve Kıbrıslı Rum Milliyetçiliği: Bir Lider, Siyaseti ve “Ötekileri”. Limasol: Heterotopia Yayınları.
  • KIRALP, Ş. (2019). “Defending Cyprus in the Early Postcolonial Era: Makarios, NATO, USSR and the NAM (1964– 1967)”. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. XXI/4: 367-386.
  • KIRALP, Ş. (2023). “Makarios’un 1967 Sonrası Milliyetçi Propagandasının Silahlı Rum Muhaliflere Yaklaşımı “. Karadeniz Araştırmaları. XX/78: 367-386.
  • KIZILYÜREK, N. (2016). Bir Hınç ve Şiddet Tarihi: Kıbrıs’ta Statü Kavgası ve Etnik Çatışma. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • O’MALLEY, B., & CRAIG, I. (2001). The Cyprus Conspiracy: America, Espionage and The Turkish Inva-sion. London: I.B. Tauris.
  • PURCELL, H. D. (1969). Cyprus. Great Britain: Frederick A. Praeger.
  • REDDAWAY, J. (1986). Burdened with Cyprus: The British Connection. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
  • STEVENSON, R. W. (1985). “The Post-Missile Crisis Détente”. The Rise and Fall of Détente: Relaxations of Tension in US-Soviet Relations 1953–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan: 103-143.
  • STRYDOM, H. (2007). “The Non-Aligned Movement and the reform of International relations”. Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online, XI/1: 1-46.
  • SUZMAN, M. (1999). Ethnic nationalism and state power: The rise of Irish nationalism, Afrikaner Nationalism and Zionism. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
  • SYLVESTER, C. (2014). “Post-colonialism”. In J. Baylis, S. Smith & P. Owens (Eds.), The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations, (6th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press: 184-197.
  • WINDSOR, P. (1964). “NATO and the Cyprus crisis”. Adelphi Papers, IV/14: 3-19.
  • XYDIS, S. G. (1973). Cyprus Reluctant Republic. The Hague: Mouton.
  • YORGANCIOĞLU, C. (2020). The Nationalisms in Cyprus Within International Context (1954-1964): A Critical Approach. Nicosia: Near East University Graduate School of Social Sciences (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation).
  • YORGANCIOĞLU, C. (2023). “The Decolonization of Cyprus and the Role of Enosis and Partition: A Ret- rospective Study”. Journal of History School, XVI/67: 4016-4031.
  • Online Archive Resources
  • 2nd Summit Conference of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement. (10 September 1964). Programme for peace and international co-operation, Cario, Egypt. http://cns.miis.edu/nam/documents/Official_Document/2nd_Summit_FD_Cairo_Declaration_1964.pdf
  • FRUS, Milestones, 1945-1952, Decolonization of Asia and Africa, 1945-1960. Retrieved from https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/asia-and-africa.
  • The National Archives (TNA), Cabinet conclusions, 11 June 1964, CM (64) 31, minute 2 – CAB 128/38.
  • TNA, Cabinet conclusions, 16 July 1964, CM (64) 38, minute 2-3 – CAB 128/38.
  • TNA, Cabinet conclusions, 17 June 1958, CC (58) 48, minute 1 – CAB 128/32.
  • TNA, Cabinet conclusions, 23 January 1964, CM (64) 6, minute 2 – CAB 128/38.
  • TNA, Cabinet conclusions, 23 July 1964, CM (64) 41, minute 4 – CAB 128/38.
  • TNA, Cabinet conclusions, 28 January 1964, CM (64) 7, minute 1 – CAB 128/38.
  • TNA, Cabinet conclusions, 3 January 1964, CM (64) 1, minute 1 – CAB 128/38.
  • TNA, Cabinet conclusions, 30 January 1964, CM (64) 8, minute 3 – CAB 128/38.
  • TNA, Cabinet conclusions, 4 February 1964, CM (64) 9, minute 2 – CAB 128/38.

MAKARIOS’UN BAĞIMSIZLIĞI VE NATO’NUN BAŞARISIZLIĞI: ORTAKLIK KIBRIS CUMHURİYETİ’NİN ÇÖKÜŞÜ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 83, 701 - 717, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1435154

Öz

Bu çalışma, Ortaklık Cumhuriyeti’nin yıkılmasından sonraki dönemi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Adadaki Kıbrıs Türk liderliği bu dönemde Ankara’nın adaya yönelik politikasından tam olarak memnun değildi. Türkiye de adaya yönelik politikasından tam olarak memnun değildi. Öte yandan, adadaki Kıbrıs Rum liderliği de Atina’nın sürekli liderliğinden memnun değildi. Aynı şekilde Atina da Enosis’ten uzaklaşan Makarios’tan memnun değildi. Kıbrıs Rum liderliği bu dönemde adadaki Türk azınlığı etkisiz bir azınlık haline getirerek, tüm anayasal haklardan mahrum bırakarak ve bir kenara iterek Enosis’in önünü açmak isterken, Türkiye de Taksim’in önünü açmak için bazı stratejiler hazırladı. Sonuç olarak Makarios, Moskova ve Bağlantısızlar kartıyla NATO dörtlüsünün (ABD, İngiltere, Türkiye ve Yunanistan) adadaki etkisini güvence altına aldı ve bir süreliğine etkisizleştirdi.

Etik Beyan

Etik kurulu onayı: Çalışma etik kurulu onayı gerektirmemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • ALLISON, R. (1988). The Soviet Union and the strategy of non-alignment in the Third World. Cambridge University Press.
  • ARNOLD, G. (2010). The A to Z of the Non-aligned Movement and Third World (Vol. 172). United States of America: Scarecrow Press.
  • AZİZ, A. İ. (1969a). “1964 yılında Kıbrıs burhanı ve Sovyetler Birliği”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi XXIV/3: 167- 210.
  • AZİZ, A. İ. (1969b). “Sovyetler’in Kıbrıs Tutumları 1965-1970”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi XXIV/4: 201-244.
  • BAKER, R. H. (1978). “Understanding Soviet Foreign Policy”. The RUSI Journal, CXXIII/1: 46-51.
  • BİLGE, A. S. (1987). “Kıbrıs uyuşmazlığı ve Türkiye Sovyetler Birliği münasebetleri”. In M. Gönlübol (Ed.), Olaylarla Türk dış politikası, (Cilt I). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Yayınları.
  • BİLGE, A. S. (1996). Ankara-Atina-Lefkoşe üçgeni. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • BLANTON, S. L., & Kegley, C. W. (2016). World Politics: Trend and Transformation, 2016-2017 (16th ed.). Cengage Learning.
  • BRITANNICA, T. Editors of Encyclopedia (2014, May 1). de-Stalinization. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/de-Stalinization
  • CRAWSHAW, N. (1978). The Cyprus revolt: An account of the struggle for union with Greece. London: G. Allen & Unwin.
  • DAWISHA, A. (2016). Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: From Triumph to Despair. Princeton Uni- versity Press.
  • DENKTAŞ, R. R. (2000). Hatıralar (Toplayış) - Kıbrıs: Elli yılın hikayesi, [X. Cilt]. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Yayınları.
  • DODD, C. (2010). The History and Politics of the Cyprus Conflict. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • DRUŞOTİS, M. (2008). Kıbrıs 1963-1964 İlk Bölünme. Lefkoşa: Galeri Kültür Yayınları.
  • GÜREL, Ş. S. (1984). Kıbrıs Tarihi (1878-1960), Kolonyalizm, Ulusçuluk ve Uluslararası Politika. İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları.
  • HOLLAND, R. (1995). “NATO and the struggle for Cyprus”. Journal of Modern Greek Studies, XIII/1: 33-61.
  • KENNEDY, J. F., ed. (1964). Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: John F. Kennedy, Contai-ning The Public Messages, Speeches, And Statements of the President, January 1 to November 22, 1963. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 459-464.
  • KIRALP, Ş. (2015). Başpiskopos Makarios ve Kıbrıslı Rum Milliyetçiliği: Bir Lider, Siyaseti ve “Ötekileri”. Limasol: Heterotopia Yayınları.
  • KIRALP, Ş. (2019). “Defending Cyprus in the Early Postcolonial Era: Makarios, NATO, USSR and the NAM (1964– 1967)”. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. XXI/4: 367-386.
  • KIRALP, Ş. (2023). “Makarios’un 1967 Sonrası Milliyetçi Propagandasının Silahlı Rum Muhaliflere Yaklaşımı “. Karadeniz Araştırmaları. XX/78: 367-386.
  • KIZILYÜREK, N. (2016). Bir Hınç ve Şiddet Tarihi: Kıbrıs’ta Statü Kavgası ve Etnik Çatışma. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • O’MALLEY, B., & CRAIG, I. (2001). The Cyprus Conspiracy: America, Espionage and The Turkish Inva-sion. London: I.B. Tauris.
  • PURCELL, H. D. (1969). Cyprus. Great Britain: Frederick A. Praeger.
  • REDDAWAY, J. (1986). Burdened with Cyprus: The British Connection. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
  • STEVENSON, R. W. (1985). “The Post-Missile Crisis Détente”. The Rise and Fall of Détente: Relaxations of Tension in US-Soviet Relations 1953–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan: 103-143.
  • STRYDOM, H. (2007). “The Non-Aligned Movement and the reform of International relations”. Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online, XI/1: 1-46.
  • SUZMAN, M. (1999). Ethnic nationalism and state power: The rise of Irish nationalism, Afrikaner Nationalism and Zionism. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
  • SYLVESTER, C. (2014). “Post-colonialism”. In J. Baylis, S. Smith & P. Owens (Eds.), The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations, (6th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press: 184-197.
  • WINDSOR, P. (1964). “NATO and the Cyprus crisis”. Adelphi Papers, IV/14: 3-19.
  • XYDIS, S. G. (1973). Cyprus Reluctant Republic. The Hague: Mouton.
  • YORGANCIOĞLU, C. (2020). The Nationalisms in Cyprus Within International Context (1954-1964): A Critical Approach. Nicosia: Near East University Graduate School of Social Sciences (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation).
  • YORGANCIOĞLU, C. (2023). “The Decolonization of Cyprus and the Role of Enosis and Partition: A Ret- rospective Study”. Journal of History School, XVI/67: 4016-4031.
  • Online Archive Resources
  • 2nd Summit Conference of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement. (10 September 1964). Programme for peace and international co-operation, Cario, Egypt. http://cns.miis.edu/nam/documents/Official_Document/2nd_Summit_FD_Cairo_Declaration_1964.pdf
  • FRUS, Milestones, 1945-1952, Decolonization of Asia and Africa, 1945-1960. Retrieved from https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/asia-and-africa.
  • The National Archives (TNA), Cabinet conclusions, 11 June 1964, CM (64) 31, minute 2 – CAB 128/38.
  • TNA, Cabinet conclusions, 16 July 1964, CM (64) 38, minute 2-3 – CAB 128/38.
  • TNA, Cabinet conclusions, 17 June 1958, CC (58) 48, minute 1 – CAB 128/32.
  • TNA, Cabinet conclusions, 23 January 1964, CM (64) 6, minute 2 – CAB 128/38.
  • TNA, Cabinet conclusions, 23 July 1964, CM (64) 41, minute 4 – CAB 128/38.
  • TNA, Cabinet conclusions, 28 January 1964, CM (64) 7, minute 1 – CAB 128/38.
  • TNA, Cabinet conclusions, 3 January 1964, CM (64) 1, minute 1 – CAB 128/38.
  • TNA, Cabinet conclusions, 30 January 1964, CM (64) 8, minute 3 – CAB 128/38.
  • TNA, Cabinet conclusions, 4 February 1964, CM (64) 9, minute 2 – CAB 128/38.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bölgesel Çalışmalar, Türk Dış Politikası, Uluslararası İlişkilerde Siyaset
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Cemal Yorgancıoğlu 0000-0002-2885-7853

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 9 Eylül 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 83

Kaynak Göster

APA Yorgancıoğlu, C. (2024). MAKARIOS’ ACHIEVEMENT AND THE FAILURE OF NATO: THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS PARTNERSHIP. Karadeniz Araştırmaları, 21(83), 701-717. https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1435154
AMA Yorgancıoğlu C. MAKARIOS’ ACHIEVEMENT AND THE FAILURE OF NATO: THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS PARTNERSHIP. Karadeniz Araştırmaları. Eylül 2024;21(83):701-717. doi:10.56694/karadearas.1435154
Chicago Yorgancıoğlu, Cemal. “MAKARIOS’ ACHIEVEMENT AND THE FAILURE OF NATO: THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS PARTNERSHIP”. Karadeniz Araştırmaları 21, sy. 83 (Eylül 2024): 701-17. https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1435154.
EndNote Yorgancıoğlu C (01 Eylül 2024) MAKARIOS’ ACHIEVEMENT AND THE FAILURE OF NATO: THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS PARTNERSHIP. Karadeniz Araştırmaları 21 83 701–717.
IEEE C. Yorgancıoğlu, “MAKARIOS’ ACHIEVEMENT AND THE FAILURE OF NATO: THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS PARTNERSHIP”, Karadeniz Araştırmaları, c. 21, sy. 83, ss. 701–717, 2024, doi: 10.56694/karadearas.1435154.
ISNAD Yorgancıoğlu, Cemal. “MAKARIOS’ ACHIEVEMENT AND THE FAILURE OF NATO: THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS PARTNERSHIP”. Karadeniz Araştırmaları 21/83 (Eylül 2024), 701-717. https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1435154.
JAMA Yorgancıoğlu C. MAKARIOS’ ACHIEVEMENT AND THE FAILURE OF NATO: THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS PARTNERSHIP. Karadeniz Araştırmaları. 2024;21:701–717.
MLA Yorgancıoğlu, Cemal. “MAKARIOS’ ACHIEVEMENT AND THE FAILURE OF NATO: THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS PARTNERSHIP”. Karadeniz Araştırmaları, c. 21, sy. 83, 2024, ss. 701-17, doi:10.56694/karadearas.1435154.
Vancouver Yorgancıoğlu C. MAKARIOS’ ACHIEVEMENT AND THE FAILURE OF NATO: THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS PARTNERSHIP. Karadeniz Araştırmaları. 2024;21(83):701-17.