ÖZNENİN YORUMBİLGİSİ IŞIĞINDA FOUCAULT'DA ÖZNE, HAKİKAT VE KENDİLİK KAYGISI: "KENDİNİ TANI"DAN "KENDİNLE İLGİLEN"E
Öz
Bu çalışma, Michel Foucault'nun, temel olarak Öznenin Yorumbilgisi derslerinden hareketle, öznellik, hakikat ve 'kendilik kaygısı' (epimeleia heautou) pratiği arasındaki karmaşık ilişkiye dair soruşturmasını analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın kapsamı, Foucault'nun epimeleia heautou'nun geleneksel olarak vurgulanan 'kendini tanı' (gnôthi seauton) ilkesine karşı tarihsel ve felsefi önceliğine dair argümanını içermektedir. Foucault'nun Sokratik felsefeyi, özellikle Platon'un Alkibiades diyaloğunu bu pratiğin örneği olarak yorumlaması incelenmekte ve etik oluşum için kullanılan ilişkili 'kendilik teknolojileri' (askēsis) ele alınmaktadır. Analiz, kavramın Greko-Romen ve erken Hristiyan düşüncesindeki evrimini takip etmekte ve bilişsel bilgi erişimini önceliklendirip kendilik kaygısının dönüştürücü yönünü marjinalleştiren 'Kartezyen an'ın neden olduğu önemli kopuşu vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, Foucault'nun epimeleia heautou'yu hakikatle özsel olarak bağlantılı, tarihsel olarak göz ardı edilmiş kritik bir etik kendilik-yaratımı biçimi olarak yeniden değerlendirdiği sonucuna varmaktadır. Ayrıca, bu antik tekniklerin, normalleştirici iktidara karşı çağdaş özgürlük ve direniş pratikleri için geçerli perspektifler sunduğu öne sürülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Foucault Kendilik Kaygısı Öznellik Kendilik Teknolojileri Hakikat
Kaynakça
- ALLEN, A. (2011). “Foucault and the Politics of Our Selves”. History of the Human Sciences. XXIV/4: 43–59.
- ÇEĞİN, G. ve ÖZPOLAT, G. (2016). “Tabiyet ve Simgesel Şiddet Kavramları Üzerinden Foucault ve Bourdieuʼyü Birlikte Okumak”. Praksis. XLII: 683-695.
- BARRY, A. vd. (1996). “Foucault and Political Reason”. Foucault and Political Reason: Liberalism, Neo-Liberalism and Rationalities of Government. (ed. A. Barry, T. Osborne, N. Rose). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1–17.
- BERNAUER, J. W. – M. Mahon (2005). “Michel Foucault's Ethical Imagination”. The Cambridge Companion to Foucault. (ed. G. Gutting). Cambridge;New York: Cambridge University Press. 149–186.
- DORAN, N. (2015). “Beyond Phenomenological Anti-Sociologies: Foucault's "Care of His Self" as Standpoint Sociology”. Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, XL/2: 131–162.
- FOUCAULT, M. (1997). “The Ethics of The Concern for Self as a Practice of Freedom” Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth (The Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984, Vol. 1). (ed. P. Rabinow) (çev R. Hurley). New York: The New Press. 281–301.
- FOUCAULT, M. (2015). Öznenin Yorumbilgisi Collège de France Dersleri (1981-1982). (çev. Ferda Keskin). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
- HADOT, P. (1995). “Reflections on the Notion of 'The Cultivation of the Self'”. Philosophy as a Way of Life: Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault. (çev. M. Chase) (ed. A. I. Davidson). Massachusetts: Blackwell. 206–213.
- HADOT, P. (2002). What is Ancient Philosophy?. (çev. M. Chase). Cambridge; Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
- IFTODE, C. (2013). “Foucault's Idea of Philosophy as 'Care of the Self:' Critical Assessment and Conflicting Metaphilosophical Views”. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, LXXI: 76–85.
- KELLY, M. G. E. (2013). “Foucault, Subjectivity, and Technologies of the Self”. Blackwell Companions to Philosophy: A Companion to Foucault. (ed. C. Falzon, T. O’Leary, J. Sawicki). Blackwell. 510–525.
- KESKİN, F. (2015). “Önsöz”. Öznenin Yorumbilgisi Collège de France Dersleri (1981-1982). (çev. Ferda Keskin). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları. xi-xvii
- LEFEBVRE, A. (2016). The Rights of Man and the Care of the Self. Political Theory, XLIV/4: 518–540.
- LOTRINGER, S. (2008). Remember Foucault. October, CXXVI, 3–22.
- MCGUSHİN, E. F. (2007). Foucault's Askēsis: An Introduction to the Philosophical Life. Northwestern University Press.
- NEHAMAS, A. (1998). The Art of Living: Socratic Reflections from Plato to Foucault. Berkeley; Los Angeles: University of California Press.
- O'LEARY, T. (2002). Foucault and the Art of Ethics. New York: Continuum.
- PLATON. (2010). Alkibiades I-II. (çev. Furkan Akderin). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
- PLATON. (2014). Sokrates’in Savunması. (çev. Furkan Akderin). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
- SCHUBERT, K. (2021). Freedom as Critique: Foucault Beyond Anarchism. Philosophy & Social Criticism, XLVII/5: 634–659.
- SHUSTERMAN, R. (2000). Somaesthetics and Care of the Self: The Case of Foucault. The Monist, LXXXIII/4: 530– 551.
- TAYLOR, D. (2009). Normativity and Normalization. Foucault Studies, VII: 45–63.
- XENOPHON. (2016). Xenophon's Memorabilia and The Apology of Socrates. (ed. H. Pignot), (çev. S. Fielding). Piscataway; New Jersey: Gorgias Press.
IN LIGHT OF THE HERMENEUTICS OF THE SUBJECT: SUBJECT, TRUTH, AND CARE OF THE SELF IN FOUCAULT – FROM 'KNOW THYSELF' TO 'CARE FOR THYSELF'
Öz
This study aims to analyze Michel Foucault's investigation into the intricate relationship between subjectivity, truth, and the practice of 'care of the self' (epimeleia heautou), primarily drawing from The Hermeneutics of the Subject. The scope encompasses Foucault's argument for the historical and philosophical primacy of epimeleia heautou over the traditionally emphasized 'know thyself' (gnôthi seauton). It examines Foucault's interpretation of Socratic philosophy, particularly Plato's Alcibiades, as exemplifying this practice, and explores the associated 'technologies of the self' (askēsis) used for ethical formation. The analysis traces the concept's evolution through Greco-Roman and early Christian thought, highlighting the significant rupture caused by the 'Cartesian moment,' which prioritized cognitive knowledge access and marginalized the transformative aspect of self-care. The study concludes that Foucault revalorizes epimeleia heautou as a crucial, historically overlooked mode of ethical self-creation intrinsically linked to truth. Furthermore, it suggests these ancient techniques offer relevant perspectives for contemporary practices of freedom and resistance against normalizing power.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Foucault Care of the Self Subjectivity Technologies of the Self Truth
Kaynakça
- ALLEN, A. (2011). “Foucault and the Politics of Our Selves”. History of the Human Sciences. XXIV/4: 43–59.
- ÇEĞİN, G. ve ÖZPOLAT, G. (2016). “Tabiyet ve Simgesel Şiddet Kavramları Üzerinden Foucault ve Bourdieuʼyü Birlikte Okumak”. Praksis. XLII: 683-695.
- BARRY, A. vd. (1996). “Foucault and Political Reason”. Foucault and Political Reason: Liberalism, Neo-Liberalism and Rationalities of Government. (ed. A. Barry, T. Osborne, N. Rose). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1–17.
- BERNAUER, J. W. – M. Mahon (2005). “Michel Foucault's Ethical Imagination”. The Cambridge Companion to Foucault. (ed. G. Gutting). Cambridge;New York: Cambridge University Press. 149–186.
- DORAN, N. (2015). “Beyond Phenomenological Anti-Sociologies: Foucault's "Care of His Self" as Standpoint Sociology”. Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, XL/2: 131–162.
- FOUCAULT, M. (1997). “The Ethics of The Concern for Self as a Practice of Freedom” Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth (The Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984, Vol. 1). (ed. P. Rabinow) (çev R. Hurley). New York: The New Press. 281–301.
- FOUCAULT, M. (2015). Öznenin Yorumbilgisi Collège de France Dersleri (1981-1982). (çev. Ferda Keskin). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
- HADOT, P. (1995). “Reflections on the Notion of 'The Cultivation of the Self'”. Philosophy as a Way of Life: Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault. (çev. M. Chase) (ed. A. I. Davidson). Massachusetts: Blackwell. 206–213.
- HADOT, P. (2002). What is Ancient Philosophy?. (çev. M. Chase). Cambridge; Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
- IFTODE, C. (2013). “Foucault's Idea of Philosophy as 'Care of the Self:' Critical Assessment and Conflicting Metaphilosophical Views”. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, LXXI: 76–85.
- KELLY, M. G. E. (2013). “Foucault, Subjectivity, and Technologies of the Self”. Blackwell Companions to Philosophy: A Companion to Foucault. (ed. C. Falzon, T. O’Leary, J. Sawicki). Blackwell. 510–525.
- KESKİN, F. (2015). “Önsöz”. Öznenin Yorumbilgisi Collège de France Dersleri (1981-1982). (çev. Ferda Keskin). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları. xi-xvii
- LEFEBVRE, A. (2016). The Rights of Man and the Care of the Self. Political Theory, XLIV/4: 518–540.
- LOTRINGER, S. (2008). Remember Foucault. October, CXXVI, 3–22.
- MCGUSHİN, E. F. (2007). Foucault's Askēsis: An Introduction to the Philosophical Life. Northwestern University Press.
- NEHAMAS, A. (1998). The Art of Living: Socratic Reflections from Plato to Foucault. Berkeley; Los Angeles: University of California Press.
- O'LEARY, T. (2002). Foucault and the Art of Ethics. New York: Continuum.
- PLATON. (2010). Alkibiades I-II. (çev. Furkan Akderin). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
- PLATON. (2014). Sokrates’in Savunması. (çev. Furkan Akderin). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
- SCHUBERT, K. (2021). Freedom as Critique: Foucault Beyond Anarchism. Philosophy & Social Criticism, XLVII/5: 634–659.
- SHUSTERMAN, R. (2000). Somaesthetics and Care of the Self: The Case of Foucault. The Monist, LXXXIII/4: 530– 551.
- TAYLOR, D. (2009). Normativity and Normalization. Foucault Studies, VII: 45–63.
- XENOPHON. (2016). Xenophon's Memorabilia and The Apology of Socrates. (ed. H. Pignot), (çev. S. Fielding). Piscataway; New Jersey: Gorgias Press.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Kültür Sosyolojisi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 26 Eylül 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 18 Nisan 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 14 Eylül 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 87 |
