Araştırma Makalesi
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Collectivism in Prosocial Behaviour: The Relationship Between In-Group Identification and Collective Resilience

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 6, 37 - 50, 30.04.2021

Öz

Collective resilience refers to the ability of a community to withstand the adversities in times of disaster and emergency and to use its resources to get rid of this situation. In contrast to the collective panic understanding in general, the understanding of resilience emphasizes self-help, the use of shared resources, and the recovery of survivors and their continued work. One of the most critical determinants of group formation in disasters and emergencies is the perception of external threat, that is, a common sense of destiny. Common destiny transforms a group of different individuals into a unified psychological mass in a very short time. Based on the hypothesis that collective resilience may differ according to the level of identification with the relevant community, the relationship between identification with ingroup and collective resilience was investigated in this study. The research was carried out by descriptive survey model and structured questions were asked to the participants about themselves on the online platform in order to determine the situation in the universe. 590 men and women aged between 18 and 66 from different education groups participated in the study. In the study, the Collective Resilience Scale was used to measure the collective resilience levels of the participants, and the "Importance attributed to identity" sub-dimension of the collective self-esteem scale was used to determine the identification scores. Descriptive statistics and Pearson Moments Correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. The analysis showed that there is a significant and moderate correlation between identification and collective resilience. When viewed in terms of zero-order correlations, identification explains more than 25 percent of the variation in collective durability. The results are discussed based on the literature in accordance with the social identity theory.

Kaynakça

  • Bavel, J.J.V. ve diğerleri (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behavior, 4, 460–471.,
  • Baysu, G. (2007). The effects of intergroup perceptions and ingroup identifications on the political participation of the second-generation Turkish migrants in the Netherlands. Yayınlanmamış PhD. Tezi. Ankara: ODTÜ.
  • Crocker, J. & Luhtanen, R. (1990). Collective self-esteem and ingroup bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 60-67.
  • Dynes, R.R. (2003). Finding order in disorder: Continuities in the 9-11 response. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 21, 9-23.
  • Dalmış, İ., Akdeniz, S. & Hamarta, E. (2021) (baskıda). Adaptation of collective resilience scale to Turkish culture and examination of its psychometric properties .
  • Drury, J. (2012). Collective resilience in mass emergencies and disasters. A social identity model. In J. Jetten, C. Haslam & S. A. Haslam (Eds.), The social cure: Identity, health and well-being. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Drury, J. (2018). The role of social identity processes in mass emergency behavior: An integrative review. European Review of Social Psychology, 29, 38-81.
  • Drury, J., Cocking, C., & Reicher, S. (2009). The nature of collective resilience: Survivor reactions to the 2005 London bombings. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 27(1), 66–95.
  • Elcheroth, G. & Drury, J. (2020). Collective resilience in times of crisis: Lessons from the literature for socially effective responses to the pandemic. British Journal of Social Psychology, 59, 703-713.
  • Emerson, Richard M. (1976). ‘Social exchange theory’. Annual review of sociology, 2(1), 335-362. Freud, S. (2016/1923). Haz ilkesinin ötesinde: Ben ve İd. (Çev.: Ali Babaoğlu) Metis Yayıncılık.
  • Gaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (2012). The common ingroup identity model. İçinde P.A.M. Van Lange, A.W. Kruglanski, & E.T. Higgins (Der.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (p. 439–457). Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Hogg, M.A. & Vaughan, G.M. (2018). Social psychology, 8. Baskı. New York: Pearson.
  • Johnson, N.R. (1988). Fire in a crowded theatre: A descriptive investigation of the emergence of panic. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 6, 7-26.
  • Kendra, J. ve Wachtendorf, T. (2001). Elements of community resilience in the World Trade Center attack. Newark DE: University of Delaware Disaster Research Center. Preliminary paper #318.
  • Levine, M., & Crowther, S. (2008). The responsive bystander: How social group membership and group size can encourage as well as inhibit bystander intervention. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(6), 1429–1439.
  • Luhtanen, R. & Crocker, J. (1992). A collective self-esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one's social identity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 302-318.
  • Mawson, A.R. (2005). Understanding mass panic and other collective responses to threat and disaster. Psychiatry, 68, 95-113.
  • Norris, F.H., Stevens, S.P., Pfefferbaum, B., Wyche, K.F. ve Pfefferbaum, R.L. (2008). Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness". American Journal of Community Psychology, 41, 127–150.
  • Pfefferbaum, R.L., Pfefferbaum, B., Nitiema, P., Houston, J.B. ve Van Horn, R.L. (2015). Assessing community resilience: An application of the expanded CART survey instrument with affiliated colunteer responders. American Behavioral Scientist, 59, 181-199.
  • Reicher, S. (1996). ‘The Crowd’ century: Reconciling practical success with theoretical failure. British Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 535-553.
  • Ripley, A. (2005). How to Get Out Alive. Time, Mayıs, 48-52.
  • Schultz, D.P. (1964). Panic Behavior: Discussions and Readings. New York: Random House.
  • Sime, J.D. (1983). Affiliative behavior during escape to building exits. Journal of Environmental Psychology 3, 21-41.
  • Sime, J.D. (1990). The Concept of ‘Panic’. (ss. 63-81) İçinde D. Canter (Der.), Fires and Human Behavior 2. Baskı. London: David Fulton.
  • Tierney, K.J. (2002). Strength of a city: A disaster research perspective on the World Trade Center attack. https://items.ssrc.org/after-september-11’da, 9 Aralık 2020.
  • Tierney, K., Bevc, C. ve Kuligowski, E. (2006). Metaphors matter: Disaster myths, media frames and their consequences in Hurricane Katrina. ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 604, 57-81.
  • Turner, J.C., Hogg, M.A., Oakes, P.J., Reicher, S.D., & Wetherell, M.S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Basil Blackwell.
  • Turner, R.H. ve Killian, L.M. (1957). Collective Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Wessely, S. (2005). Editorial: Don’t panic! Short and long term psychological reactions to the new terrorism: The role of information and the authorities. Journal of Mental Health 14, 1-6.

TOPLUM YANLISI DAVRANIŞTAKİ TOPLUMSAL: İÇ-GRUPLA ÖZDEŞLEŞME VE KOLEKTİF DAYANIKLILIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 6, 37 - 50, 30.04.2021

Öz

Kolektif dayanıklılık, toplumların afet ve acil durum zamanlarında ortaya çıkan olumsuzluklara dayanma ve elindeki kaynakları kullanarak bu olumsuzluklardan kurtulma yetisi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Dayanıklılık anlayışı genel olarak kolektif panik anlayışının aksine öz-yardıma, ortak kaynakların kullanımına ve hayatta kalanların kendini toparlama ve çalışmaya devam etmesine vurgu yapmaktadır. Afet ve acil durumlarda grup oluşumunun en kritik belirleyicilerinden biri dış tehdit algısı yani ortak kader anlayışıdır. Ortak kader, çok kısa bir zaman içinde farklı bireylerden oluşan bir yığını, birleşik bir psikolojik kitleye dönüştürmektedir. Kolektif dayanıklılığın ilgili toplulukla özdeşleşme düzeyine göre farklılaşabileceği hipotezine dayalı olarak bu çalışmada, iç-grupla özdeşleşme ile kolektif dayanıklılık arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Araştırma betimsel tarama yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiş olup, evrendeki durumu belirlemek üzere katılımcılara çevrim-içi platformda kendileri hakkında yapılandırılmış sorular yöneltilmiştir. Araştırmaya değişik eğitim gruplarından yaşları 18 ile 66 arasında değişen 590 kadın ve erkek katılmıştır. Araştırmada katılımcıların kolektif dayanıklılık düzeylerini ölçmek için Kolektif Dayanıklılık Ölçeği, Özdeşleşme puanlarını belirlemek Kolektif benlik saygısı ölçeğinin “Kimliğe atfedilen önem” alt boyutu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler ve Pearson Momentler Korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Analizler özdeşleşme ile kolektif dayanıklılık arasında anlamlı ve orta düzeyde korelasyon olduğunu göstermiştir. Sıfır-düzen korelasyonlar açısından bakıldığında özdeşleşme, kolektif dayanıklılıktaki varyasyonun yüzde 25’inden fazlasını açıklamaktadır. Sonuçlar sosyal kimlik kuramına uygun şekilde literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Bavel, J.J.V. ve diğerleri (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behavior, 4, 460–471.,
  • Baysu, G. (2007). The effects of intergroup perceptions and ingroup identifications on the political participation of the second-generation Turkish migrants in the Netherlands. Yayınlanmamış PhD. Tezi. Ankara: ODTÜ.
  • Crocker, J. & Luhtanen, R. (1990). Collective self-esteem and ingroup bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 60-67.
  • Dynes, R.R. (2003). Finding order in disorder: Continuities in the 9-11 response. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 21, 9-23.
  • Dalmış, İ., Akdeniz, S. & Hamarta, E. (2021) (baskıda). Adaptation of collective resilience scale to Turkish culture and examination of its psychometric properties .
  • Drury, J. (2012). Collective resilience in mass emergencies and disasters. A social identity model. In J. Jetten, C. Haslam & S. A. Haslam (Eds.), The social cure: Identity, health and well-being. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Drury, J. (2018). The role of social identity processes in mass emergency behavior: An integrative review. European Review of Social Psychology, 29, 38-81.
  • Drury, J., Cocking, C., & Reicher, S. (2009). The nature of collective resilience: Survivor reactions to the 2005 London bombings. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 27(1), 66–95.
  • Elcheroth, G. & Drury, J. (2020). Collective resilience in times of crisis: Lessons from the literature for socially effective responses to the pandemic. British Journal of Social Psychology, 59, 703-713.
  • Emerson, Richard M. (1976). ‘Social exchange theory’. Annual review of sociology, 2(1), 335-362. Freud, S. (2016/1923). Haz ilkesinin ötesinde: Ben ve İd. (Çev.: Ali Babaoğlu) Metis Yayıncılık.
  • Gaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (2012). The common ingroup identity model. İçinde P.A.M. Van Lange, A.W. Kruglanski, & E.T. Higgins (Der.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (p. 439–457). Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Hogg, M.A. & Vaughan, G.M. (2018). Social psychology, 8. Baskı. New York: Pearson.
  • Johnson, N.R. (1988). Fire in a crowded theatre: A descriptive investigation of the emergence of panic. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 6, 7-26.
  • Kendra, J. ve Wachtendorf, T. (2001). Elements of community resilience in the World Trade Center attack. Newark DE: University of Delaware Disaster Research Center. Preliminary paper #318.
  • Levine, M., & Crowther, S. (2008). The responsive bystander: How social group membership and group size can encourage as well as inhibit bystander intervention. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(6), 1429–1439.
  • Luhtanen, R. & Crocker, J. (1992). A collective self-esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one's social identity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 302-318.
  • Mawson, A.R. (2005). Understanding mass panic and other collective responses to threat and disaster. Psychiatry, 68, 95-113.
  • Norris, F.H., Stevens, S.P., Pfefferbaum, B., Wyche, K.F. ve Pfefferbaum, R.L. (2008). Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness". American Journal of Community Psychology, 41, 127–150.
  • Pfefferbaum, R.L., Pfefferbaum, B., Nitiema, P., Houston, J.B. ve Van Horn, R.L. (2015). Assessing community resilience: An application of the expanded CART survey instrument with affiliated colunteer responders. American Behavioral Scientist, 59, 181-199.
  • Reicher, S. (1996). ‘The Crowd’ century: Reconciling practical success with theoretical failure. British Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 535-553.
  • Ripley, A. (2005). How to Get Out Alive. Time, Mayıs, 48-52.
  • Schultz, D.P. (1964). Panic Behavior: Discussions and Readings. New York: Random House.
  • Sime, J.D. (1983). Affiliative behavior during escape to building exits. Journal of Environmental Psychology 3, 21-41.
  • Sime, J.D. (1990). The Concept of ‘Panic’. (ss. 63-81) İçinde D. Canter (Der.), Fires and Human Behavior 2. Baskı. London: David Fulton.
  • Tierney, K.J. (2002). Strength of a city: A disaster research perspective on the World Trade Center attack. https://items.ssrc.org/after-september-11’da, 9 Aralık 2020.
  • Tierney, K., Bevc, C. ve Kuligowski, E. (2006). Metaphors matter: Disaster myths, media frames and their consequences in Hurricane Katrina. ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 604, 57-81.
  • Turner, J.C., Hogg, M.A., Oakes, P.J., Reicher, S.D., & Wetherell, M.S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Basil Blackwell.
  • Turner, R.H. ve Killian, L.M. (1957). Collective Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Wessely, S. (2005). Editorial: Don’t panic! Short and long term psychological reactions to the new terrorism: The role of information and the authorities. Journal of Mental Health 14, 1-6.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

İbrahim Dalmış 0000-0001-9558-5619

Seher Akdeniz 0000-0002-2282-9165

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Dalmış, İ., & Akdeniz, S. (2021). TOPLUM YANLISI DAVRANIŞTAKİ TOPLUMSAL: İÇ-GRUPLA ÖZDEŞLEŞME VE KOLEKTİF DAYANIKLILIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ. Karatay Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi(6), 37-50.