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Human Impact on the Environment and the Anthropocene in Amitav Ghosh’s Gun Island

Yıl 2022, , 363 - 376, 31.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.57115/karefad.1176127

Öz

This article analyses the impact of human in Amitav Ghosh's Gun Island altering the ecology of the earth from the Anthropocene perspective. The Anthropocene asserts that nature, which has been damaged so much that it cannot regenerate, and whose balance has changed, has changed not because of meteor strikes, ice ages or globalcauses as it used to be in old times, but because of human influence. The unpredictable and inconsistent climatic effects caused by human effect such as fossil fuel consumption especially after the industrial revolution, global warming, rise in sea levels, acidification of oceans show that humans have the greatest impact on nature compared to other living things. Although the existence of man in the world is relatively short, the biggest factor affecting the environment in the 21st century is human. Therefore, due to the global impact created by man, human impact changes the life of nature, animals, plants and himself in an unknown direction. In this context, Amitav Ghosh's novel Gun Island features the impact of humanity to the ecology that connects the past to the present with a Bengali myth showing how the impact of humanity stretches into the ecology.

Kaynakça

  • Barrett, J. R. (2021). Migration Associated with Climate Change: Modern Face of an Ancient Phenomenon. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(5), 205.
  • Bloomfield, M. (2021). Poetry. In J. Parham (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Literature and the Anthropocene (1st ed., pp. 71–87). Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/9781108683111.005
  • Cañedo-Argüelles, M., Kefford, B., & Schäfer, R. (2019). Salt in freshwaters: Causes, effects and prospects - introduction to the theme issue. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 374(1764), 20180002. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0002
  • Cohen, K. M., Finney, S. C., Gibbard, P. L., & Fan, J.-X. (2013). The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Episodes, 36(3), 199–204. doi: 10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/002
  • Crutzen, P. J. (2006). The Anthropocene. In E. Ehlers & T. Krafft (Eds.), Earth System Science in the Anthropocene (pp. 13–18). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. doi: 10.1007/3-540-26590-2_3
  • Dickinson, W. R. (2000). Changing Times: The Holocene Legacy. Environmental History, 5(4), 483–502. doi: 10.2307/3985583
  • Foundation, P. (2022, September 6). I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud by William Wordsworth [Text/html]. Retrieved 6 September 2022, from Poetry Foundation website: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45521/i-wandered-lonely-as-a-cloud
  • Franchini, M., Viola, E., & Barros-Platiau, A. F. (2017). The Challanges of the Anthropocene: From International Environmental Politics to Global Governance. Ambiente & Sociedade, 20(3), 177–202. doi: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc214v2022017
  • Freshwater dolphin species and facts. (n.d.). Retrieved 4 September 2022, from World Wildlife Fund website: https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/freshwater-dolphin-species-and-facts
  • Gezgin, İ. (2011). Prehistorik Dönemden Hıristiyanlığa Kadar Sanatın Mitolojisi. Istanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Ghosh, A. (2019). Gun island (First American edition). New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • Gibbard, P. L., & Walker, M. J. C. (2014). The Term ‘Anthropocene’ in the Context of Formal Geological Classification.
  • Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 395(1), 29–37. doi: 10.1144/SP395.1
  • Gibbens, S. (n.d.). Plastic Bag Found at the Bottom of World’s Deepest Ocean Trench | National Geographic Society. Retrieved 23 August 2022, from National Geographic Society website: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/plastic-bag-found-bottom-worlds-deepest-ocean-trench
  • Gibson, H., & Venkateswar, S. (2015). Anthropological Engagement with the Anthropocene: A Critical Review. Environment and Society, 6(1), 5–27. doi: 10.3167/ares.2015.060102
  • Gürbüz, E. (2013). Jeolojik İmzamız: Antroposen. Tubitak Popüler Bilim Yayınları, 4(46), 74–77. Health Effects Institute. (2019). State of Global Air 2019 (pp. 1–22). Boston, MA. Retrieved from https://www.stateofglobalair.org/sites/default/files/soga_2019_report.pdf
  • Hegglund, J., & McIntyre, J. D. (Eds.). (2021). Modernism and the anthropocene: Material ecologies of twentieth-century literature. Lanham: Lexington Books.
  • Jonsson, F. A. (2012). The Industrial Revolution in the Anthropocene. The Journal of Modern History, 84(3), 679–696. doi: 10.1086/666049
  • Lewis, S., & Maslin, M. (2015). Defining the Anthropocene. Nature, 519(7542), 171–180. doi: 10.1038/nature14258
  • Reno, S. (Ed.). (2022). The Anthropocene: Approaches and Contexts for Literature and the Humanities. New York: Routledge.
  • Seitzinger, S. P., & Phillips, L. (2017). Nitrogen stewardship in the Anthropocene. Science, 357(6349), 350–351. doi: 10.1126/science.aao0812
  • Sequeira, J. (2008). A Toxic Issue: Air Pollution in New Delhi. Harvard International Review, 30(3), 10–11.
  • Steffen, W., Crutzen, P. J., & McNeill, J. R. (2007). The Anthropocene: Are Humans Now Overwhelming the Great Forces of Nature. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 36(8), 614–621. doi: 10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[614:TAAHNO]2.0.CO;2
  • Ullah, A., Bano, A., & Khan, N. (2021). Climate Change and Salinity Effects on Crops and Chemical Communication Between Plants and Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms Under Stress. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5, 618092. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.618092
  • Verutes, G. M., Tubbs, S. E., Selmes, N., Clark, D. R., Walker, P., & Clements, O. (2021). Modeling Seasonal Distribution of Irrawaddy Dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in a Transnational Important Marine Mammal Area. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 617921. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.617921

Amitav Ghosh'un Silah Adası Romanında Insanın Çevreye Etkisi ve Antroposen

Yıl 2022, , 363 - 376, 31.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.57115/karefad.1176127

Öz

Bu makale, kendini yenilemeyecek kadar zarar gören ve dengesi değişen doğanın eskiden olduğu gibi meteor çarpması, buzul çağları veya küresel sebeplerden değil de insan etkisiyle değiştiğini gösteren Anthroposen bakış açısı ile Amitav Ghosh’un Silah Adası adlı eserindeki insan etkisiyle iklim değişikliği ve yarattığı sorunları ele almaktadır. Sanayi devriminden sonra artan başta fosil yakıt tüketimi artışı olmak üzere değişen iklim sebebiyle ortaya çıkan tahmin edilemeyen ve tutarsız iklimsel etkiler, insanın doğa üzerinde diğer canlılara nazaran en büyük etkiyi yarattığını göstermektedir. İnsanın dünyadaki varlığı kısa olmasına rağmen, 21. Yüzyılda çevreyi etkileyen en büyük faktör insandır. Dolayısıyla, insan yarattığı küresel etki sebebiyle doğanın, hayvanların, bitkilerin ve kendisinin de hayatını bilinmeyen bir yöne doğru değiştirmektedir. Bu kapsamda, Amitav Ghosh’un Silah Adası adlı romanı, Bengal dilindeki bir mit vasıtasıyla, geçmişi günümüze bağlayan ve insanın etkisinin küresel anlamda çevreyi nasıl etkilediğini gösteren kurgusal bir hikâye ortaya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Barrett, J. R. (2021). Migration Associated with Climate Change: Modern Face of an Ancient Phenomenon. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(5), 205.
  • Bloomfield, M. (2021). Poetry. In J. Parham (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Literature and the Anthropocene (1st ed., pp. 71–87). Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/9781108683111.005
  • Cañedo-Argüelles, M., Kefford, B., & Schäfer, R. (2019). Salt in freshwaters: Causes, effects and prospects - introduction to the theme issue. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 374(1764), 20180002. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0002
  • Cohen, K. M., Finney, S. C., Gibbard, P. L., & Fan, J.-X. (2013). The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Episodes, 36(3), 199–204. doi: 10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/002
  • Crutzen, P. J. (2006). The Anthropocene. In E. Ehlers & T. Krafft (Eds.), Earth System Science in the Anthropocene (pp. 13–18). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. doi: 10.1007/3-540-26590-2_3
  • Dickinson, W. R. (2000). Changing Times: The Holocene Legacy. Environmental History, 5(4), 483–502. doi: 10.2307/3985583
  • Foundation, P. (2022, September 6). I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud by William Wordsworth [Text/html]. Retrieved 6 September 2022, from Poetry Foundation website: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45521/i-wandered-lonely-as-a-cloud
  • Franchini, M., Viola, E., & Barros-Platiau, A. F. (2017). The Challanges of the Anthropocene: From International Environmental Politics to Global Governance. Ambiente & Sociedade, 20(3), 177–202. doi: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc214v2022017
  • Freshwater dolphin species and facts. (n.d.). Retrieved 4 September 2022, from World Wildlife Fund website: https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/freshwater-dolphin-species-and-facts
  • Gezgin, İ. (2011). Prehistorik Dönemden Hıristiyanlığa Kadar Sanatın Mitolojisi. Istanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Ghosh, A. (2019). Gun island (First American edition). New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • Gibbard, P. L., & Walker, M. J. C. (2014). The Term ‘Anthropocene’ in the Context of Formal Geological Classification.
  • Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 395(1), 29–37. doi: 10.1144/SP395.1
  • Gibbens, S. (n.d.). Plastic Bag Found at the Bottom of World’s Deepest Ocean Trench | National Geographic Society. Retrieved 23 August 2022, from National Geographic Society website: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/plastic-bag-found-bottom-worlds-deepest-ocean-trench
  • Gibson, H., & Venkateswar, S. (2015). Anthropological Engagement with the Anthropocene: A Critical Review. Environment and Society, 6(1), 5–27. doi: 10.3167/ares.2015.060102
  • Gürbüz, E. (2013). Jeolojik İmzamız: Antroposen. Tubitak Popüler Bilim Yayınları, 4(46), 74–77. Health Effects Institute. (2019). State of Global Air 2019 (pp. 1–22). Boston, MA. Retrieved from https://www.stateofglobalair.org/sites/default/files/soga_2019_report.pdf
  • Hegglund, J., & McIntyre, J. D. (Eds.). (2021). Modernism and the anthropocene: Material ecologies of twentieth-century literature. Lanham: Lexington Books.
  • Jonsson, F. A. (2012). The Industrial Revolution in the Anthropocene. The Journal of Modern History, 84(3), 679–696. doi: 10.1086/666049
  • Lewis, S., & Maslin, M. (2015). Defining the Anthropocene. Nature, 519(7542), 171–180. doi: 10.1038/nature14258
  • Reno, S. (Ed.). (2022). The Anthropocene: Approaches and Contexts for Literature and the Humanities. New York: Routledge.
  • Seitzinger, S. P., & Phillips, L. (2017). Nitrogen stewardship in the Anthropocene. Science, 357(6349), 350–351. doi: 10.1126/science.aao0812
  • Sequeira, J. (2008). A Toxic Issue: Air Pollution in New Delhi. Harvard International Review, 30(3), 10–11.
  • Steffen, W., Crutzen, P. J., & McNeill, J. R. (2007). The Anthropocene: Are Humans Now Overwhelming the Great Forces of Nature. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 36(8), 614–621. doi: 10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[614:TAAHNO]2.0.CO;2
  • Ullah, A., Bano, A., & Khan, N. (2021). Climate Change and Salinity Effects on Crops and Chemical Communication Between Plants and Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms Under Stress. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5, 618092. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.618092
  • Verutes, G. M., Tubbs, S. E., Selmes, N., Clark, D. R., Walker, P., & Clements, O. (2021). Modeling Seasonal Distribution of Irrawaddy Dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in a Transnational Important Marine Mammal Area. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 617921. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.617921
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sercan Uzun

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Eylül 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Uzun, S. (2022). Human Impact on the Environment and the Anthropocene in Amitav Ghosh’s Gun Island. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Karatekin Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 363-376. https://doi.org/10.57115/karefad.1176127