KONFEDERAL BİRLİK: GÜRCÜ-ABHAZ İHTİLAFININ ÇÖZÜMÜ İÇİN YENİ ANAYASAL DÜZEN

Öz

Disiplinlerarası bir çalışma olan bu makale, Gürcü-Abhaz ihtilafını güncel gelişmeler çerçevesinde analiz etmekte ve ihtilafın çözümüne dair bir öneri sunmaktadır. Çalışmamıza göre; koronavirüs salgını sürecinde iki toplum arasında beliren ılımlı atmosfer, kökleşmiş husumetler ve kurumsallaşmış güvensizliklerin giderilmesini sağlayacak yeni bir döneme kapı aralamıştır. Gürcistan ve Abhazya tarafından bu dönem kapsamında anayasal düzlemde ete kemiğe büründürülecek konfederal düzen, var olan husumetlerin ve güvensizliklerin bertaraf edilmesine katkı sunabilir. Konfederalleşmenin kısa vadede Abhazya’nın menfaatine bir durum olacağını kabul eden çalışmamız, uzun vadede tezahür edecek pek çok potansiyel gelişmeyle beraber konfederalleşme adımlarının iki toplum için birlikte yaşamı sürdürebilecekleri kamusal alanı inşa edeceğini savunmaktadır. Gürcü ve Abhaz otoritelerince konfederal uygulamalar eşliğinde pratiğe dökülecek birçok iş birliği ve entegrasyoncu operasyon, kökleşmiş husumetlerin ve kurumsallaşmış güvensizliklerin kademeli olarak yok olmasını ve nihayetinde bölgesel veya ulusal bağlılıkların konfederal bağlılıklara dönüşmesini sağlayabilir. Konfederal bağlılıkların doğal bir uzantısı olarak şekillenen karşılıklı güven atmosferi içerisinde hareket edecek olan iki topluluk, siyasi devlet teşkilatlanmalarını federal yahut üniter bir yapıya evirebilirler. Birliktelikçi ve bütünselci evrilme süreci, hem tarihi konfederasyonlarca izlenmiş hem de benzeri güncel yapılanmalar tarafından takip edilmektedir. Güncel Gürcü ve Abhaz pozisyonlarını değerlendirerek konfederalleşme önerisini dile getiren çalışmamız; (i) küresel salgın döneminde Gürcü ve Abhaz otoritelerince sergilenen karşılıklı ılımlı tavırlar, (ii) yeni Abhaz yönetiminin Gürcistan ile pek çok alanda ortak politika geliştirme arzusu, (iii) Gürcü devletinin mevcut siyasi, ekonomik ve askeri kabiliyetleri ve (iv) Gürcü halkının barışçıl müzakerelerle ihtilafı çözme istemi gibi çeşitli dinamikleri hesaba katarak konfederalleşme önerisini ciddi bir alternatif olarak sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gürcistan
• Abhazya
• Konfederalleşme
• Egemenlik
• Donmuş İhtilaf

CONFEDERAL UNION: A NEW CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER FOR THE RESOLUTION OF THE GEORGIAN-ABKHAZ CONFLICT

Öz

This study is an interdisciplinary article analysing the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict by taking into account recent developments and coming up with a formula for the resolution of the conflict. According to the study, the moderate atmosphere between the two communities created during the coronavirus pandemic has opened a new era that would provide an opportunity to cease the rooted hostilities and to eliminate the institutionalised doubts. The article argues that a new confederal order taking its shape at the constitutional level would contribute to the cessation of the hostilities and the elimination of the doubts. It is true that Abkhazia would benefit from the confederal order in the short run; however, the order would, in the long run, establish a public realm where the two communities would coexist in a peaceful manner. Collaborationist and integrationist strides made by the Georgian and Abkhaz authorities just after the establishment of the confederal order would gradually cease the hostilities and eliminate the doubts, ultimately resulting in the transformation of regional or national loyalties into confederal allegiances. These allegiances would create an environment of mutual trust stimulating the communities to turn their confederal union into a federation or unitary state. Such unionist and holistic transformation processes have been completed not only by historical confederations, but present confederal organisations are also carrying out these processes. The article scrutinising the present Georgian and Abkhaz perspectives in shaping its confederalist resolution formula recognises the confederalist formula as a worth-examining alternative by considering several current matters, including (i) moderate Georgian and Abkhaz attitudes recorded during the global pandemic, (ii) the willingness of the new Abkhaz administration to cooperate with its Georgian counterpart to develop common policies in many areas, (iii) the current political, financial and military capabilities of the Georgian state and (iv) the demand of the Georgian people to resolve the conflict via peaceful negotiations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Georgia
• Abkhazia
• Confederalism
• Sovereignty
• Frozen Conflict

Kaynakça

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