Campinha-Bacote Kültürel Yeterlilik Süreci Modeli ve Hemşirelik Araştırmalarındaki Kullanımı

Öz

Dünyanın göçmen sayısındaki artış Türkiye’yi de etkilemiş, savaş ve göçün de etkisiyle kültürel çeşitliliği artırmıştır. Artan bu kültürel çeşitlilik sağlık bakımı erişimi ve sunumunda eşitsizliklere neden olmakta ve hemşirelerin kültürel olarak uygun ve yeterli bakım vermesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Hemşirelerin hastalara uygun kültürel yaklaşım geliştirme, kültürel yeterli olma ve bakım sağlamada rehber olan bazı kültürel modeller bulunmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında hemşirelere rehberlik eden bir kültürel model odaklanmayı ve modelin hemşirelik araştırmalarında nasıl kullanıldığına dair bilgi sunarak hemşirelerin klinikte ve araştırmalardaki model kullanımını artırmak hedeflenmektedir. Çalışmada kültürel yeterli olma sürecini tanımlayan Campinha-Bacote Kültürel Yeterlilik Süreci Modeli ele alınmıştır. Model, kültürel tevazu üzerine kurulan, kültürel farkındalık, kültürel bilgi, kültürel beceri, kültürel karşılaşmalar ve kültürel istek olarak beş ayrı yapıdan oluşmaktadır. Hemşirelik araştırmalarında kesitsel-tanımlayıcı, nitel, deneysel ve karma tür olarak kültürel yeterliliği belirleme, kültürel yeterliliğe dair çeşitli eğitim materyallerinin etkinliğini değerlendirme ve açık uçlu soru hazırlamada ayrıca belirli bir konuya özgü kültürel yeterliliğin analizinde veya nasıl geliştirilebileceğine dair yapılacak kapsam incelemelerinin yürütülmesinde Campinha-Bacote Modeli rahatlıkla kullanılabilmektedir. Hemşirelerin kültürel yeterliliklerinin geliştirilmesi ve araştırmalarda kültürel modellerin kullanılmasında Camphina-Bacote modeli oldukça uygundur. Hemşirelerin yeterli, kaliteli ve etkin klinik bakım vermesi ve akademik araştırmaların bilimsel kalitesini artırması açısından bu ve diğer kültürel modellerin kullanımına dair çeşitli eğitimler düzenlenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Campinha-Bacote
• Kültürel Yeterlilik Süreci Modeli
• Kültürel Hemşirelik
• Araştırma
• Model Kullanımı

CAMPINHA-BACOTE CULTURAL COMPETENCE PROCESS MODEL AND ITS UTILIZATION IN NURSING RESEARCH

Abstract

The increase in the number of immigrants worldwide has also affected Turkey, increasing cultural diversity due to the impact of war and migration. This growing cultural diversity leads to inequalities in healthcare access and delivery, necessitating nurses to provide culturally appropriate and competent care. There are several cultural models that guide nurses in developing appropriate cultural approaches, cultural competence, and care provision. This review aims to focus on a cultural model guiding nurses, providing information on how it is used in nursing research to enhance the utilization of models in both clinical and research settings. The Campinha-Bacote Cultural Competence Process Model, defining the process of cultural competence, is discussed in the study. The model consists of five structures based on cultural humility: cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skills, cultural encounters, and cultural desire. The model can comfortably be used in nursing research, including cross-sectional-descriptive, qualitative, experimental, and mixed-method studies, to determine cultural competence, evaluate the effectiveness of various educational materials on cultural competence, and prepare open-ended questions. Additionally, it can be applied in the analysis of specific cultural competencies for a given topic or in conducting comprehensive reviews on how to enhance cultural competence. The Campinha-Bacote model is highly suitable for developing nurses' cultural competencies and using cultural models in research. Various training programs can be organized for the use of this and other cultural models to improve the quality and effectiveness of nurses' clinical care and enhance the scientific quality of academic research.

Keywords

• Campinha-Bacote
• Cultural Competence Process Model
• Cultural Nursing
• Research
• Model Utilization

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