Araştırma Makalesi
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Postpartum Experiences of Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 75 - 89, 31.07.2024

Öz

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health problem. Since postpartum mothers and their infants are considered a vulnerable population, their potential to be affected by COVID-19 is high. The present study was performed to reveal the postpartum experiences of women during the pandemic.
Design: A qualitative methodology was employed in the study.
Setting: Participants were included in the study by purposive sampling until data saturation was achieved. Women over 18 years of age who gave birth in the last six months during the COVID-19 process were included in the study. The data were obtained from semi-structured in-depth individual interviews conducted between 28.1.2021 and 20.08.2021. The content analysis approach was used to analyze the data. The data analysis was carried out using the MAXQDA Analytics Pro qualitative data analysis software.
Findings: Interviews were completed with 11 women. In the study, six main themes related to the experiences of women in the postpartum period during the COVID-19 pandemic were determined: isolation, emotional changes in the COVID-19 process, economic situation, receiving postpartum care, social support, and anxiety management.
Key conclusions: In pandemic healthcare professionals play important roles in the care of women and infants in the postpartum period. The results obtained from this qualitative study will contribute to ensuring the continuity of postpartum care.
Implications for practice: Health professionals should ensure the continuity of postpartum care during epidemic periods. Policies should be developed for the mother and baby in the postpartum period to receive optimum service.

Etik Beyan

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Destekleyen Kurum

No financial support was received for this research.

Teşekkür

We would like to thank all the participants for sharing their postpartum experiences during the pandemic and allocating their time.

Kaynakça

  • Baltacı, A., 2018. Conceptual review of sampling methods and sample size problems in qualitative research. Bitlis Eren University Social Science Journal, 7, 231-74.
  • Barbosa-Leiker, C., Smith, C.L., Crespi, E.J., Brooks, O., Burduli, E., Ranjo, S., ... & Gartstein, M.A., 2021. Stressors, coping, and resources needed during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of perinatal women. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03665-0
  • Booth, A., Hannes, K., Harden, A., Noyes, J., Harris, J., & Tong, A., 2014. COREQ (consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies). Guidelines for Reporting Health Research: a User's Manual, 214-226. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118715598.ch21
  • Brooks, S.K., Weston, D., & Greenberg, N., 2020. Psychological impact of infectious disease outbreaks on pregnant women: rapid evidence review. Public Health, 189, 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.20068031
  • Critchlow, E., Birkenstock, L., Hotz, M., Sablone, L., Riley, A.H., Mercier, R., & Frasso, R., 2022. Experiences of New Mothers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 139, 244-253. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004660
  • DeYoung, S.E., & Mangum, M., 2021. Pregnancy, birthing, and postpartum experiences during COVID-19 in the United States. Frontiers in Sociology, 6, 611212. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2021.611212
  • Fernández-Basanta, S., Coronado, C., Bondas, T., & Movilla-Fernández, M.J., 2021. Primary healthcare midwives’ experiences of caring for parents who have suffered an involuntary pregnancy loss: A phenomenological hermeneutic study. Midwifery, 92, 102863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2020.102863
  • Işık G., Yeşilçinar, İ., Avci, S.Ç., Topaloğlu, E., Öçal, S.E., & Cetişli, N.E., 2020. COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun antenatal, intrapartum ve postpartum yönetimi. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5, 93-98.
  • Jackson, L., De Pascalis, L., Harrold, J. A., Fallon, V., & Silverio, S. A., 2021. Postpartum women’s psychological experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: a modified recurrent cross-sectional thematic analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04071-2
  • Jackson, L., De Pascalis, L., Harrold, J.A., Fallon, V., & Silverio, S.A., 2022. Postpartum women’s experiences of social and healthcare professional support during the COVID-19 pandemic: A recurrent cross-sectional thematic analysis. Women and Birth, 35, 511-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2021.10.002
  • Joy, P., Aston, M., Price, S., Sim, M., Ollivier, R., Benoit, B., ... & Iduye, D., 2020. Blessings and curses: exploring the experiences of new mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing Reports, 10, 207-219. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep10020023
  • Kumari, A., Ranjan, P., Sharma, K.A., Sahu, A., Bharti, J., Zangmo, R., & Bhatla, N., 2021. Impact of COVID‐19 on psychosocial functioning of peripartum women: a qualitative study comprising focus group discussions and in‐depth interviews. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 152, 321-327. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13524
  • Mascarenhas, V.H.A., Caroci-Becker, A., Venâncio, K.C.M.P., Baraldi, N.G., Durkin, A. C., & Riesco, M.L.G., 2020. Care recommendations for parturient and postpartum women and newborns during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 28. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4596.3359
  • Moser, A., & Korstjens, I., 2018. Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 3: Sampling, data collection and analysis. European journal of general practice, 24(1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2017.1375091
  • Postpartum Care Management Guide. (2018). T.R. Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, 925, Ankara. Available at: https://khgmsaglikhizmetleridb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/28086/0/dogumsonubakimyonetimrehberipdf.pdf [Accessed 10 Sep 2021].
  • Rasmussen, S.A., Smulian, J.C., Lednicky, J.A., Wen, T.S., & Jamieson, D.J., 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: what obstetricians need to know. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 222, 415-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.02.017
  • Rice, K., & Williams, S., 2021. Women’s postpartum experiences in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Canadian Medical Association Open Access Journal, 9, E556-E562. https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20210008
  • Riley, V., Ellis, N., Mackay, L., & Taylor, J., 2021. The impact of COVID-19 restrictions on women's pregnancy and postpartum experience in England: A qualitative exploration. Midwifery, 101, 103061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2021.103061
  • Sahin, B.M., & Kabakci, E.N., 2021. The experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: A qualitative study. Women and Birth, 34, 162-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2020.09.022
  • Saunders, B., Sim, J., Kingstone, T., Baker, S., Waterfield, J., Bartlam, B., ... & Jinks, C., 2018. Saturation in qualitative research: Exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Quality & Quantity, 52, 1893-1907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0574-8
  • Schwartz, D. A., & Graham, A. L., 2020. Potential maternal and infant outcomes from coronavirus 2019-nCoV (SARS-CoV-2) infecting pregnant women: Lessons from SARS, MERS, and other human coronavirus infections. Viruses, 12:194. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020194
  • Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J., 2007. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): A 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International journal for quality in health care, 19, 349-357. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C.S., & Ho, R.C., 2020. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
  • WHO (2020a). Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation report-9, 29 January 2020. Geneva, Switzerland.2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports [Accessed 15 Sep 2020].
  • WHO (2020b). World Health Organisation (WHO) Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 [Accessed 15 May 2020].
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H., 2018. Research methods in social sciences (Extended 11th Edition). Ankara: Seçkin Publishing (in Turkish).

Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Kadınların Postpartum Döneme Ait Deneyimleri: Kalitatif Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 75 - 89, 31.07.2024

Öz

Amaç: Koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19) küresel bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Doğum sonrası anneler ve bebekleri savunmasız bir nüfus olarak kabul edildiğinden, onların COVID-19'dan etkilenme potansiyelleri yüksektir. Bu çalışma kadınların pandemi sürecinde doğum sonrası deneyimlerini ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Tasarım: Araştırmada nitel bir yöntem kullanılmıştır.
Yöntem: Katılımcılar, veri doygunluğu sağlanana kadar amaçlı örnekleme yoluyla çalışmaya dahil edildi. Çalışmaya COVID-19 sürecinde son altı ay içinde doğum yapan 18 yaş üstü kadınlar dahil edildi. Veriler 28.1.2021 ile 20.08.2021 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine bireysel görüşmelerden elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Veri analizi MAXQDA Analytics Pro nitel veri analizi yazılımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Görüşmeler 11 kadınla tamamlandı. Araştırmada kadınların COVID-19 salgını sırasında doğum sonrası dönemdeki deneyimlerine ilişkin altı ana tema belirlendi: izolasyon, COVID-19 sürecindeki duygusal değişiklikler, ekonomik durum, doğum sonrası bakım alma, sosyal destek ve kaygı yönetimi.
Temel sonuçlar: Pandemi sürecinde sağlık profesyonelleri, doğum sonrası dönemde kadın ve bebeklerin bakımında önemli roller oynamaktadır. Bu nitel çalışmadan elde edilecek sonuçlar doğum sonrası bakımın sürekliliğinin sağlanmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.
Uygulamaya yönelik çıkarımlar: Sağlık profesyonelleri, salgın dönemlerinde doğum sonrası bakımın sürekliliğini sağlamalıdır. Doğum sonrası dönemde anne ve bebeğin optimum hizmet alabilmesi için politikalar geliştirilmelidir.

Etik Beyan

Yazarlar, aralarında herhangi bir çıkar çatışması olmadığını beyan ederler.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırma için finansal destek alınmamıştır.

Teşekkür

Pandemi sürecinde doğum sonrası deneyimlerini paylaşan ve zaman ayıran tüm katılımcılarımıza teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • Baltacı, A., 2018. Conceptual review of sampling methods and sample size problems in qualitative research. Bitlis Eren University Social Science Journal, 7, 231-74.
  • Barbosa-Leiker, C., Smith, C.L., Crespi, E.J., Brooks, O., Burduli, E., Ranjo, S., ... & Gartstein, M.A., 2021. Stressors, coping, and resources needed during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of perinatal women. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03665-0
  • Booth, A., Hannes, K., Harden, A., Noyes, J., Harris, J., & Tong, A., 2014. COREQ (consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies). Guidelines for Reporting Health Research: a User's Manual, 214-226. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118715598.ch21
  • Brooks, S.K., Weston, D., & Greenberg, N., 2020. Psychological impact of infectious disease outbreaks on pregnant women: rapid evidence review. Public Health, 189, 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.20068031
  • Critchlow, E., Birkenstock, L., Hotz, M., Sablone, L., Riley, A.H., Mercier, R., & Frasso, R., 2022. Experiences of New Mothers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 139, 244-253. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004660
  • DeYoung, S.E., & Mangum, M., 2021. Pregnancy, birthing, and postpartum experiences during COVID-19 in the United States. Frontiers in Sociology, 6, 611212. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2021.611212
  • Fernández-Basanta, S., Coronado, C., Bondas, T., & Movilla-Fernández, M.J., 2021. Primary healthcare midwives’ experiences of caring for parents who have suffered an involuntary pregnancy loss: A phenomenological hermeneutic study. Midwifery, 92, 102863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2020.102863
  • Işık G., Yeşilçinar, İ., Avci, S.Ç., Topaloğlu, E., Öçal, S.E., & Cetişli, N.E., 2020. COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun antenatal, intrapartum ve postpartum yönetimi. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5, 93-98.
  • Jackson, L., De Pascalis, L., Harrold, J. A., Fallon, V., & Silverio, S. A., 2021. Postpartum women’s psychological experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: a modified recurrent cross-sectional thematic analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04071-2
  • Jackson, L., De Pascalis, L., Harrold, J.A., Fallon, V., & Silverio, S.A., 2022. Postpartum women’s experiences of social and healthcare professional support during the COVID-19 pandemic: A recurrent cross-sectional thematic analysis. Women and Birth, 35, 511-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2021.10.002
  • Joy, P., Aston, M., Price, S., Sim, M., Ollivier, R., Benoit, B., ... & Iduye, D., 2020. Blessings and curses: exploring the experiences of new mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing Reports, 10, 207-219. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep10020023
  • Kumari, A., Ranjan, P., Sharma, K.A., Sahu, A., Bharti, J., Zangmo, R., & Bhatla, N., 2021. Impact of COVID‐19 on psychosocial functioning of peripartum women: a qualitative study comprising focus group discussions and in‐depth interviews. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 152, 321-327. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13524
  • Mascarenhas, V.H.A., Caroci-Becker, A., Venâncio, K.C.M.P., Baraldi, N.G., Durkin, A. C., & Riesco, M.L.G., 2020. Care recommendations for parturient and postpartum women and newborns during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 28. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4596.3359
  • Moser, A., & Korstjens, I., 2018. Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 3: Sampling, data collection and analysis. European journal of general practice, 24(1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2017.1375091
  • Postpartum Care Management Guide. (2018). T.R. Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, 925, Ankara. Available at: https://khgmsaglikhizmetleridb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/28086/0/dogumsonubakimyonetimrehberipdf.pdf [Accessed 10 Sep 2021].
  • Rasmussen, S.A., Smulian, J.C., Lednicky, J.A., Wen, T.S., & Jamieson, D.J., 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: what obstetricians need to know. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 222, 415-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.02.017
  • Rice, K., & Williams, S., 2021. Women’s postpartum experiences in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Canadian Medical Association Open Access Journal, 9, E556-E562. https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20210008
  • Riley, V., Ellis, N., Mackay, L., & Taylor, J., 2021. The impact of COVID-19 restrictions on women's pregnancy and postpartum experience in England: A qualitative exploration. Midwifery, 101, 103061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2021.103061
  • Sahin, B.M., & Kabakci, E.N., 2021. The experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: A qualitative study. Women and Birth, 34, 162-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2020.09.022
  • Saunders, B., Sim, J., Kingstone, T., Baker, S., Waterfield, J., Bartlam, B., ... & Jinks, C., 2018. Saturation in qualitative research: Exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Quality & Quantity, 52, 1893-1907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0574-8
  • Schwartz, D. A., & Graham, A. L., 2020. Potential maternal and infant outcomes from coronavirus 2019-nCoV (SARS-CoV-2) infecting pregnant women: Lessons from SARS, MERS, and other human coronavirus infections. Viruses, 12:194. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020194
  • Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J., 2007. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): A 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International journal for quality in health care, 19, 349-357. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C.S., & Ho, R.C., 2020. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
  • WHO (2020a). Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation report-9, 29 January 2020. Geneva, Switzerland.2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports [Accessed 15 Sep 2020].
  • WHO (2020b). World Health Organisation (WHO) Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 [Accessed 15 May 2020].
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H., 2018. Research methods in social sciences (Extended 11th Edition). Ankara: Seçkin Publishing (in Turkish).
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları Hemşireliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makele
Yazarlar

Tülay Yılmaz 0000-0002-3706-3844

Hüsniye Dinç Kaya 0000-0002-8461-643X

Sevil Günaydın 0000-0003-2539-8783

Pooneh Aghıl Dızaj 0000-0003-1274-7251

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2024
Kabul Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, T., Dinç Kaya, H., Günaydın, S., Aghıl Dızaj, P. (2024). Postpartum Experiences of Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi, 10(2), 75-89.
AMA Yılmaz T, Dinç Kaya H, Günaydın S, Aghıl Dızaj P. Postpartum Experiences of Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study. KASHED. Temmuz 2024;10(2):75-89.
Chicago Yılmaz, Tülay, Hüsniye Dinç Kaya, Sevil Günaydın, ve Pooneh Aghıl Dızaj. “Postpartum Experiences of Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study”. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi 10, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2024): 75-89.
EndNote Yılmaz T, Dinç Kaya H, Günaydın S, Aghıl Dızaj P (01 Temmuz 2024) Postpartum Experiences of Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi 10 2 75–89.
IEEE T. Yılmaz, H. Dinç Kaya, S. Günaydın, ve P. Aghıl Dızaj, “Postpartum Experiences of Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study”, KASHED, c. 10, sy. 2, ss. 75–89, 2024.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Tülay vd. “Postpartum Experiences of Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study”. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi 10/2 (Temmuz 2024), 75-89.
JAMA Yılmaz T, Dinç Kaya H, Günaydın S, Aghıl Dızaj P. Postpartum Experiences of Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study. KASHED. 2024;10:75–89.
MLA Yılmaz, Tülay vd. “Postpartum Experiences of Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study”. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi, c. 10, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 75-89.
Vancouver Yılmaz T, Dinç Kaya H, Günaydın S, Aghıl Dızaj P. Postpartum Experiences of Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study. KASHED. 2024;10(2):75-89.