Potansiyel Biyoteknolojik Uygulamalar Amacıyla Aerobik Spor Oluşturan Toprak Bakterilerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Topraklar, enzim ve biyoaktif bileşikler üreten bakteriler için önemli bir kaynak olmakla birlikte, biyoteknolojik potansiyele sahip birçok mikroorganizmanın izolasyonu açısından henüz yeterince değerlendirilmemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, topraktan aerobik spor oluşturan bakterilerin izolasyonunu gerçekleştirmek ve biyoteknolojik uygulamalar için potansiyel suşları belirlemektir. Toprak örnekleri, Artvin ilinde zeytin ağaçlarının bulunduğu çeşitli noktalardan alınmıştır. Elde edilen 11 bakteri izolatının morfolojik ve biyokimyasal özellikleri değerlendirilmiş ve moleküler identifikasyonları 16S rRNA gen dizileme yöntemiyle yapılmıştır. İzolatlar; Priestia megaterium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ve Bacillus subtilis türlerine ait bakteriler olarak tanımlanmıştır. Tüm izolatlar proteaz, amilaz ve selülaz üretimi açısından taranmış; beş izolatın üç enzimi birden üretebildiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, izolatların bakteriyosin üretim kapasiteleri kalitatif olarak değerlendirilmiş ve bazı izolatların diğer suşların büyümesini anlamlı derecede inhibe ettiği saptanmıştır. İzolatların UV ışınına karşı dirençleri de test edilmiş olup, bazı izolatlarda kısa süreli UV maruziyeti büyümede azalmaya neden olurken, çoğu izolat yüksek dayanıklılık sergilemiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, bu bakteriyel izolatların çoklu enzim üretimi, antibakteriyel etkileri ve çevresel streslere karşı direnç gibi özellikleriyle çeşitli endüstriyel ve biyoteknolojik uygulamalar için potansiyel taşıdığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, bu izolatların diğer biyoteknolojik alanlardaki potansiyelimevcut literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aerobik Sporlu Bakteri
• Enzimatik Aktivite
• Bakteriyosin
• Antibakteriyel Etki
• UV Direnci.

Screening of Aerobic Spore-Forming Soil Bacteria for Potential Biotechnological Applications

Öz

Soils represent a significant source of bacteria that produce enzymes and bioactive compounds; however, many microorganisms with high biotechnological potential remain insufficiently explored for isolation. The aim of this study was to isolate aerobic spore-forming bacteria from soil and to identify potential strains for biotechnological applications. Soil samples were collected from various locations in Artvin province, where olive trees are present. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of 11 bacterial isolates were evaluated, and their molecular identification was performed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The isolates were identified as belonging to Priestia megaterium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus subtilis species. All isolates were screened for protease, amylase, and cellulase production, with five isolates demonstrating the ability to produce all three enzymes simultaneously. Additionally, the bacteriocin production capacities of the isolates were qualitatively assessed, revealing that several isolates significantly inhibited the growth of other strains. The resistance of the isolates to UV radiation was also evaluated; while short-term UV exposure caused a reduction in growth for some isolates, most exhibited high tolerance. The obtained results indicate that the bacterial isolates possess promising potential for various industrial and biotechnological applications due to their multi-enzyme production, antibacterial activities, and resilience to environmental stressors. Furthermore, the potential of these isolates in other biotechnological fields has been discussed in light of the current literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aerobic Spore-Forming Bacteria
• Enzymatic Activity
• Bacteriocin
• Antibacterial Effect

Kaynakça

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