The Role of Tree Diameter in Mortality Risks During Resin Production in Pinus brutia

İnci Çağlayan

doi:10.17475/kastorman.1660620

TR EN

Kızılçamda (Pinus brutia) Reçine Üretiminin Ağaç Ölüm Oranına Etkisi

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı: Bu çalışmada, kızılçam (Pinus brutia) ormanlarında açık yara yöntemiyle yapılan reçine üretiminin ağaçların kuruma riski ve farklı çap sınıflarındaki yaşama oranları üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma alanı: Araştırma, Türkiye’nin Çanakkale Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü, Keşan Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı Korudağ Orman İşletme Şefliği sınırlarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Materyal ve yöntem: 396 ağaç, 15 günde bir reçine üretilerek 17 ay boyunca izlenmiştir. Kuruma risklerini değerlendirmek için Kaplan-Meier yaşama analizi kullanılmış ve ağaçlar üç çap sınıfına ayrılmıştır: sırıklık ve direklik (8-19.9 cm), ince ağaçlık (20-35.9 cm) ve orta ağaçlık (36-51.9 cm) Temel sonuçlar: Küçük çaplı ağaçlar (8-19.9 cm) %71.1 yaşama oranı ile en yüksek kuruma riskini göstermiştir. Orta çaplı ağaçlarda (20-35.9 cm) yaşama oranı %93.2 iken, büyük çaplı ağaçlar (36-51.9 cm) tamamen hayatta kalmıştır. Genel olarak, çap sınıfları arasında önemli farklılıklarla birlikte toplamda 41 ağaç (%89.6) kurumuştur. Araştırma vurguları: Küçük çaplı ağaçlar, açık yara yöntemiyle yapılan reçine üretimi sırasında kuruma riskine daha duyarlıdır ve bu durum sürdürülebilir yönetim stratejilerinin gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orman Koruma, Kaplan-Meier Yaşama Analizi, Kuruma Riski, Pinus brutia, Reçine Üretimi, Sürdürülebilir Orman Yönetimi, Çap Sınıfları, Ağaç Ölümü

The Role of Tree Diameter in Mortality Risks During Resin Production in Pinus brutia

Öz

Aim of study: In this study, the effects of bark streak tapping resin extraction on tree mortality risk and survival rates across diameter classes in Pinus brutia forests are looked into. Area of study: Research was conducted in the Korudağ Forest Sub-District, Keşan Forestry Department, and Çanakkale Forest Regional Directorate in Türkiye. Material and method: We monitored 396 trees for 17 months, extracting resin every 15 days. We used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to assess the mortality risks for three diameter classes: pole stage (8-19.9 cm), small wood (20-35.9 cm), and mature (36-51.9 cm.) Main results: Smaller-diameter trees (8-19.9 cm) exhibited the highest mortality risk with a survival rate of 71.1%, while medium-diameter trees (20-35.9 cm) had a survival rate of 93.2%, and larger-diameter trees (36-51.9 cm) showed complete survival. Overall, 41 trees (89.6%) died, with significant differences in survival probabilities among diameter classes. Research highlights: Smaller-diameter trees are more vulnerable to mortality during resin tapping, underscoring the need for sustainable management strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Forest Conservation, Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis, Mortality Risk, Pinus brutia, Resin tapping, Sustainable Forest Management, Diameter Classes, Tree Mortality

Kaynakça

Adams, H.D., Zeppel, M.J.B., Anderegg, W.R.L., Hartmann, H., Landhäusser, S.M., Tissue, D.T. & et al. (2017). A multi-species synthesis of physiological mechanisms in drought-induced tree mortality. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 1, 1285-1291. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0248-x
Allen, C.D. (2009). Climate-induced forest dieback: an escalating global phenomenon. Unasylva, 231, 60.
Boone, C.K., Aukema, B.H., Bohlmann, J., Carroll, A.L. & Raffa, K.F. (2011). Efficacy of tree defense physiology varies with bark beetle population density: a basis for positive feedback in eruptive species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 41, 1174-1188. https://doi.org/10.1139/x11-041
Boydak, M. (2004). Silvicultural characteristics and natural regeneration of Pinus brutia Ten. — a review. Plant Ecology, 171, 153-163. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:VEGE.0000029373.54545.d2
Caglayan, İ., Dolu, A.Ö., Kabak, Ö., Rodríguez-García, A., Demirel, T. & et al. (2024). Dynamics of resin yield in Pinus brutia: A quantitative analysis using bark streak tapping. Industrial Crops and Products, 221, 119344. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119344
Calama, R., Martínez, C., Gordo, J., Del Río, M., Menéndez-Miguélez, M. & Pardos, M. (2024). The impact of climate and management on recent mortality in Pinus pinaster resin-tapped forests of inland Spain. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 97, 120-132. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpad023
Daltry, J.C., Prospere, A., Toussaint, A., Gengelbach, J. & Morton, M.N. (2015). Making business scents: how to harvest incense sustainably from the globally threatened lansan tree Protium attenuatum. Oryx, 49, 431-441.
Eshete, A., Teketay, D., Lemenih, M. & Bongers, F. (2012). Effects of resin tapping and tree size on the purity, germination and storage behavior of Boswellia papyrifera (Del.) Hochst. seeds from Metema District, northwestern Ethiopia. Forest Ecology and Management, 269, 31–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.049
FAO, (2010). Global forest resources assessment 2010: Chapter 4 - Forest health and vitality. Rome.
FAO, (2003). Forest Harvest: An Overview of Non Timber Forest Products in the Mediterranean Region.

Garcia-Forner, N., Campelo, F., Carvalho, A., Vieira, J., Rodriguez-Pereiras, A. & et al. (2021). Growth-defence trade-offs in tapped pines on anatomical and resin production. Forest Ecology and Management, 496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119406
Gaylord, M.L., Kolb, T.E., Pockman, W.T., Plaut, J.A., Yepez, E.A. & et al. (2013). Drought predisposes piñon–juniper woodlands to insect attacks and mortality. New Phytologist, 198, 567-578. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12174
Gazol, A., Camarero, J.J., Vicente-Serrano, S.M., Sánchez-Salguero, R., Gutiérrez, E. & et al. (2018). Forest resilience to drought varies across biomes. Global Change Biology, 24, 2143-2158. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14082
GDF, (2019). Distribution of forest areas according to tree species, General directorate of forestry statistics, General Directorate of Forestry; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry; Republic of Turkey
GDF, (2017). OGM Reçine Eylem Planı. Ankara.
Génova, M., Caminero, L. & Dochao, J. (2014). Resin tapping in Pinus pinaster: Effects on growth and response function to climate. European Journal of Forest Research, 133, 323–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-013-0764-4
Hammond, W.M., Williams, A.P., Abatzoglou, J.T., Adams, H.D., Klein, T. & et al. (2022). Global field observations of tree die-off reveal hotter-drought fingerprint for Earth’s forests. Nature Communications, 13, 1761.
Huang, J., Kautz, M., Trowbridge, A.M., Hammerbacher, A., Raffa, K.F. & et al. (2020). Tree defence and bark beetles in a drying world: carbon partitioning, functioning and modelling. New Phytologist, 225, 26-36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16173
Kaplan, E.L. & Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53, 457-481. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452
Krokene, P. & Nagy, N.E. (2012). Anatomical aspects of resin-based defences in pine. Pine resin: Biology, Chemistry and Application, 67-86.
López-Álvarez, Ó., Zas, R. & Marey-Perez, M., (2023). Resin tapping: A review of the main factors modulating pine resin yield. Industrial Crops and Products, 202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117105
Moura, M., Campelo, F., Nabais, C. & Garcia-Forner, N. (2023). Resin tapping influence on maritime pine growth depends on tree age and stand characteristics. European Journal of Forest Research, 142, 965–980. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01568-7
Pearce, R.B. (1996). Antimicrobial defences in the wood of living trees. New Phytologist, 132, 203–233. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb01842.x
Rodrigues-Corrêa, K.C. da S., de Lima, J.C. & Fett-Neto, A.G. (2012). Pine oleoresin: tapping green chemicals, biofuels, food protection, and carbon sequestration from multipurpose trees. Food and Energy Security. 1, 81–93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.13
Rodríguez-García, A., Martín, J.A., López, R., Sanz, A. & Gil, L. (2016). Effect of four tapping methods on anatomical traits and resin yield in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Industrial Crops and Products, 86, 143-154. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.03.033
Trapp, S. & Croteau, R. (2001). Defensive resin biosynthesis in conifers. Annual Review of Plant Biolgy, 52, 689-724.
van der Maaten, E., Mehl, A., Wilmking, M. & van der Maaten-Theunissen, M. (2017). Tapping the tree-ring archive for studying effects of resin extraction on the growth and climate sensitivity of Scots pine. Forest Ecosystems, 4, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-017-0096-9
Wiley, E. (2020). Do Carbon Reserves Increase Tree Survival during Stress and Following Disturbance? Current Forestry Reports, 6, 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-019-00106-2
Yousefi, A., Ghahramany, L., Ghazanfari, H., Pulido, F. & Moreno, G. (2020). Biometric indices of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) trees under resin extraction in Western Iran. Agroforestry Systems, 94, 1977-1988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-020-00518-1
Zeng, X.M., Sun, S.W., Wang, Y.Y., Chang, Y.X., Tao, X.X. & et al. (2021). Does resin tapping affect the tree-ring growth and climate sensitivity of the Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) in the Loess Plateau, China? Dendrochronologia, 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2020.125800
Zevgolis, Y.G., Sazeides, C.I., Zannetos, S.P., Grammenou, V., Fyllas, N.M. & et al. (2022). Investigating the effect of resin collection and detecting fungal infection in resin-tapped and non-tapped pine trees, using minimally invasive and non-invasive diagnostics. Forest Ecology and Management, 524, 120498. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120498
Zhao, S. & Erbilgin, N. (2019). Larger Resin Ducts Are Linked to the Survival of Lodgepole Pine Trees During Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01459

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Ormancılık (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

İnci Çağlayan ^*
Türkiye

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

24 Mart 2025

Yayımlanma Tarihi

26 Mart 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

16 Aralık 2024

Kabul Tarihi

10 Şubat 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1660620

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA75NP98HB

APA

Çağlayan, İ. (2025). The Role of Tree Diameter in Mortality Risks During Resin Production in Pinus brutia. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 25(1), 118-126. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1660620

AMA

1.Çağlayan İ. The Role of Tree Diameter in Mortality Risks During Resin Production in Pinus brutia. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2025;25(1):118-126. doi:10.17475/kastorman.1660620

Chicago

Çağlayan, İnci. 2025. “The Role of Tree Diameter in Mortality Risks During Resin Production in Pinus brutia”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 25 (1): 118-26. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1660620.

EndNote

Çağlayan İ (01 Mart 2025) The Role of Tree Diameter in Mortality Risks During Resin Production in Pinus brutia. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 25 1 118–126.

IEEE

[1]İ. Çağlayan, “The Role of Tree Diameter in Mortality Risks During Resin Production in Pinus brutia”, Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, c. 25, sy 1, ss. 118–126, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.17475/kastorman.1660620.

ISNAD

Çağlayan, İnci. “The Role of Tree Diameter in Mortality Risks During Resin Production in Pinus brutia”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 25/1 (01 Mart 2025): 118-126. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1660620.

JAMA

1.Çağlayan İ. The Role of Tree Diameter in Mortality Risks During Resin Production in Pinus brutia. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2025;25:118–126.

MLA

Çağlayan, İnci. “The Role of Tree Diameter in Mortality Risks During Resin Production in Pinus brutia”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, c. 25, sy 1, Mart 2025, ss. 118-26, doi:10.17475/kastorman.1660620.

Vancouver

1.İnci Çağlayan. The Role of Tree Diameter in Mortality Risks During Resin Production in Pinus brutia. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 01 Mart 2025;25(1):118-26. doi:10.17475/kastorman.1660620

Kızılçamda (Pinus brutia) Reçine Üretiminin Ağaç Ölüm Oranına Etkisi

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

The Role of Tree Diameter in Mortality Risks During Resin Production in Pinus brutia

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

Kaynak Göster