Phylogenetic Analysis and Taxonomic Re-evolution of Geopora foliacea (Pyronemataceae) in Türkiye
Yıl 2026,
Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 25 - 34, 27.03.2026
İsmail Acar
,
Ayşenur Kalmer İpek
,
Ayten Dizkırıcı
Öz
Aim of study: This manuscript aims to contribute to Türkiye's mycobiota by presenting a member of Pyronemataceae whose taxonomic position has been documented by morphological and molecular data.
Area of study: The fungal specimens of the study were collected in the coniferous forest of Genç (Bingöl).
Material and method: The samples were subjected to comprehensive analysis, incorporating morphological evaluation and DNA sequencing of the nrITS region. This process encompassed the examination of both micro- and macromorphological characters to perform phylogenetic analysis.
Main results: The field and two-stage (morphological/phylogenetic) laboratory investigations have revealed that Geopora foliacea (Schaeff.) S. Ahmad, belonging to the family Pyronemataceae, is reported from Türkiye for the first time.
Research highlights: This study introduces ectomycorrhizal Geopora foliacea, recorded for the first time in Türkiye. This adds to the previously described genus Geopora in Türkiye and increases the number of species to seven.
Destekleyen Kurum
This research was financially supported by Van Yüzüncü Yıl University (Scientific Research Project Foundation, FBA-2022-9978), Van, Türkiye.
Kaynakça
-
Acar, İ. (2023). A New Locality Record from the Order of Helotiales; Cistella grevillei. Mantar Dergisi, 14(2), 78-81.
-
Acar, İ. & Karabıyık, H. (2024a). Lasiobelonium lonicerae (Alb. & Schwein.) Raitv.= A Novel Record for Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 11(3), 791-796.
-
Acar, İ. & Karabıyık, H. (2024b). Brunnipila calyculiformis (Schumach.) Baral: A Novel Record for Türkiye. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 45(3), 486-489.
-
Ahmad, S. (1978). Ascomycetes of Pakistan. Part. 1. Biological Society of Pakistan, Lahore. Monograph N° 7.
-
Akçay, M. E., Acar, İ. & Uzun, Y. (2023). Three new records of Helotiales for the mycobiota of Türkiye. Anatolian Journal of Botany, 7(2), 117-121.
-
Alvarado, P., Cabero, J., Moreno, G., Bratek, Z., van Vooren, N., Kaounas, V. & et al. (2016). Phylogenetic overview of the genus Genea (Pezizales, Ascomycota) with an emphasis on European taxa. Mycologia, 108(2), 441-456.
-
Beimforde, C., Feldberg, K., Nylinder, S., Rikkinen, J., Tuovila, H., Dörfelt, H. & et al. (2014). Estimating the Phanerozoic history of the Ascomycota lineages: combining fossil and molecular data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 78, 386-398.
-
Boudier, E. (1904). Icones Mycologicae. Ser. 1, Livr. 2. Librairie des Sciences Naturelles, Paul Klincksieck: Paris.
-
Dizkirici, A. & Acar, İ. (2022). Hymenoscyphus conscriptus & H. fucatus, newly recorded from Turkey. Mycotaxon, 137(3), 555-567.
-
Doğan, H. H., Şen, İ. & Allı, H. (2024). Tuber magnatum Picco: a new record for the Turkish mycobiota. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 25(2), 203-210.
-
Doyle, J. J. & Doyle, J. L. (1987). A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin, 19, 11-15.
-
Felsenstein, J. (1985). Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution, 39, 783-791.
-
Gillet, F. (1879). Champignons De France, Discom. (2), 48.
-
Grupe, A. C., Kraisitudomsook, N., Healy, R., Zelmanovich, D., Anderson, C. & et al. (2019). A new species and a new combination of truffle-like fungi in the Geopora-Tricharina lineage from North America: Terracavicola echinospora gen. et sp. nov. and Geopora lateritia comb. nov. Ascomycete.org, 11(2), 37-47.
-
Hansen, K., Perry, B. A., Dranginis, A. W. & Pfister, D. H. (2013). A phylogeny of the highly diverse cupfungus family Pyronemataceae (Pezizomycetes, Ascomycota) clarifies relationships and evolution of selected life history traits. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 67(2), 311-335.
-
Harkness, H.W. (1885). Fungi of the Pacific Coast. Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences. 1(3), 159-176.
-
Hoang, D. T., Chernomor, O., von Haeseler, A., Minh, B. Q. & Vinh, L. S. (2018). UFBoot2: Improving the ultrafast bootstrap approximation. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 518-522. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx281
-
Jarjees, R. M., Abdul-Hadi, S. Y. & Al-Khesraji, T. O. (2023). First recording and molecular diagnostics of three ascomycetous macrofungi from Nineveh, Iraq. Journal of Advanced Education and Sciences, 3(3), 36-44.
-
Kesici, S., Sadullahoğlu, C., Akçay, M. E. & Uzun, Y. (2024). Neocucurbitaria rhamnicola: Türkiye İçin Yeni Bir Makromantar Kaydı. Mantar Dergisi, 15(2), 128-131.
-
Kirk, P. M., Cannon, P. F., Minter, D. W. & Stalpers, J. A. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi. Wallingford, UK: CAB International
-
Kaounas, V., Assyov, B. & Alvarado, P. (2011). New data on hypogeous fungi from Greece with special reference to Wakefieldia macrospora (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales) and Geopora clausa (Pyronemataceae, Pezizales). Mycologia Balcanica, 8(2), 105-113.
-
Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Mega, K. T. (2016). Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33(7), 1870-1874.
-
Maia, L. C., Yano, A. M. & Kimbrough, J. W. (1996). Species of Ascomycota forming ectomycorrhizae. Mycotaxon, 57, 371-390.
-
Maletti, M. & Ferrari, V. (2016). Funghi del litorale pesarese (Parte 2a). Micologia nelle Marche, 10(1), 17-24.
-
Nguyen, L. T., Schmidt, H. A., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B. Q. (2015). IQ-TREE A fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32, 268-274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300
-
Peric, B. (2011). Trois Discomycetes, nouvelles de la flore mycologique du Montenegro. Mycologia Montenegrina. 5, 93-118.
-
Pfister, D. H. & Healy, R. (2021). Pezizomycetes. In: Zaragoza, O. (Ed) Encyclopedia of Mycology. 1, 295-309. Oxford: Elsevier.
-
Rambaut, A. (2018). FigTree–Tree Figure Drawing Tool Version v. 1.4. 4. Edinburgh: Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh.
-
Ronquist, F. (2004). Bayesian inference of character evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19, 475-481.
-
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van Der Mark, P., Ayres, D. L., Darling, A. & et al. (2012). MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61(3), 539-542.
-
Schäffer, J. C. (1774). Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu circa Ratisbonam nascuntur icones, nativis coloribus expressae (in Latin). 4. Erlangen, Germany: Apud J.J. Palmium. 78.
-
Schoch, C. L., Seifert, K. A., Huhndorf, S., Robert, V., Spouge, J. L. & et al. (2012). Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi. PNAS, 109, 6241-6246. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117018109
-
Sesli, E., Asan, A. & Selçuk, F. (Eds) Abacı Günyar, Ö., Akata, I., Akgül, H., Aktaş, S., Alkan, S., Allı, H. & et al. (2020). Türkiye Mantarları Listesi (The Checklist of Fungi of Turkey). Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Vakfı Yayını. İstanbul. P. 1177.
-
Sheibani, M. & Jamali, S. (2020). Geopora ramila sp. nov. (Pezizales, Pyronemataceae) evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses in Iran. Phytotaxa, 475(1), 29-42.
-
Shen, X. X., Steenwyk, J. L., LaBella, A. L., Opulente, D. A., Zhou, X., Kominek, J. & et al. (2020). Genome-scale phylogeny and contrasting modes of genome evolution in the fungal phylum Ascomycota. Science Advances, 6(45), eabd0079.
-
Tamm, H., Põldmaa, K. & Kullman, B. (2010). Phylogenetic relationships in genus Geopora (Pyronemataceae, Pezizales). Mycological Progress, 9, 509-522.
-
Tekpinar, A. D. & Kalmer, A. (2019). Utility of various molecular markers in fungal identification and phylogeny. Nova Hedwigia, 109, 187-224. doi: 10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2019/0528
-
Terman, Ş. A., Akçay, M. E. & Dizkirici, A. (2024a). First Record of Helvella capucina in Türkiye: Morphological and Molecular Characterization. Mantar Dergisi, 15 (Special Issue), 66-72.
-
Terman, Ş. S., Dizkirici, A., Akçay, M. E., & Sadullahoğlu, C. (2024b). Morphological and molecular identification of Dissingia confusa based on the first record of the species in Türkiye. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 25(1), 65-72.
-
Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. & Gibson, T. J. (1994). CLUSTAL W: Improving the Sensitivity of Progressive Multiple Sequence Alignment through Sequence Weighting, Position-Specific Gap Penalties and Weight Matrix Choice. Nucleic Acids Research, 22, 4673-4680.
-
Uzun, Y. & Kaya, A. (2019). Geopora clausa, a new hypogeous ascomycete record for Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 12(2), 193-196.
-
Uzun, Y. (2023). The checklist of Turkish Pezizales species. Anatolian Journal of Botany, 7(1), 1-20.
-
Wen, J. & Zimmer, E. A. (1996). Phylogeny and Biogeography of Panax L. (the Ginseng Genus, Araliaceae): Inferences from ITS Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA. Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution, 6, 167-177.
-
Yao, Y. J. & Spooner B. M. (1996a). Notes on British species of Geopora. Mycological Research, 100, 72-74.
-
Yao, Y. J. & Spooner, B. M. (1996b). Geopora sepulta (Pezizales) in Britain, with a key to British species of the genus. Kew Bulletin, 381-383.
Türkiye'deki Geopora foliacea'nın (Pyronemataceae) Filogenetik Analizi ve Taksonomik Değerlendirmesi
Yıl 2026,
Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 25 - 34, 27.03.2026
İsmail Acar
,
Ayşenur Kalmer İpek
,
Ayten Dizkırıcı
Öz
Çalışmanın amacı: Bu metnin asıl amacı morfolojik ve moleküler verilerle taksonomik pozisyonu belgelenmiş bir Pyronemataceae üyesi sunarak, Türkiye mikobiotasına katkı sağlamaktır.
Çalışma alanı: Bu çalışmaya ait mantar örnekleri materyalleri Genç (Bingöl) konifer ormanında toplanmıştır.
Materyal ve yöntem: Örnekler, morfolojik değerlendirme ve nrITS bölgesi DNA dizilimi kullanılarak detaylı incelenmiştir. Bu süreç, filogenetik analiz gerçekleştirmek için mikro- ve makromorfolojik karakterlerin incelenmesini içermektedir.
Temel sonuçlar: Arazi ve iki aşamalı (morfolojik/filogenetik) gerçekleştirilen laboratuvar incelemeleri sonucunda Pyronemataceae familyasına ait Geopora foliacea (Schaeff.) S. Ahmad Türkiye’den ilk kez rapor edilmiştir.
Araştırma vurguları: Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de ilk kez kaydedilen ektomikorizal Geopora foliacea’yi tanıtmakta ve Türkiye’de daha önce tanımlanmış Geopora cinsine katkı sağlayarak tür sayısını yedi’ye çıkarmaktadır.
Kaynakça
-
Acar, İ. (2023). A New Locality Record from the Order of Helotiales; Cistella grevillei. Mantar Dergisi, 14(2), 78-81.
-
Acar, İ. & Karabıyık, H. (2024a). Lasiobelonium lonicerae (Alb. & Schwein.) Raitv.= A Novel Record for Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 11(3), 791-796.
-
Acar, İ. & Karabıyık, H. (2024b). Brunnipila calyculiformis (Schumach.) Baral: A Novel Record for Türkiye. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 45(3), 486-489.
-
Ahmad, S. (1978). Ascomycetes of Pakistan. Part. 1. Biological Society of Pakistan, Lahore. Monograph N° 7.
-
Akçay, M. E., Acar, İ. & Uzun, Y. (2023). Three new records of Helotiales for the mycobiota of Türkiye. Anatolian Journal of Botany, 7(2), 117-121.
-
Alvarado, P., Cabero, J., Moreno, G., Bratek, Z., van Vooren, N., Kaounas, V. & et al. (2016). Phylogenetic overview of the genus Genea (Pezizales, Ascomycota) with an emphasis on European taxa. Mycologia, 108(2), 441-456.
-
Beimforde, C., Feldberg, K., Nylinder, S., Rikkinen, J., Tuovila, H., Dörfelt, H. & et al. (2014). Estimating the Phanerozoic history of the Ascomycota lineages: combining fossil and molecular data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 78, 386-398.
-
Boudier, E. (1904). Icones Mycologicae. Ser. 1, Livr. 2. Librairie des Sciences Naturelles, Paul Klincksieck: Paris.
-
Dizkirici, A. & Acar, İ. (2022). Hymenoscyphus conscriptus & H. fucatus, newly recorded from Turkey. Mycotaxon, 137(3), 555-567.
-
Doğan, H. H., Şen, İ. & Allı, H. (2024). Tuber magnatum Picco: a new record for the Turkish mycobiota. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 25(2), 203-210.
-
Doyle, J. J. & Doyle, J. L. (1987). A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin, 19, 11-15.
-
Felsenstein, J. (1985). Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution, 39, 783-791.
-
Gillet, F. (1879). Champignons De France, Discom. (2), 48.
-
Grupe, A. C., Kraisitudomsook, N., Healy, R., Zelmanovich, D., Anderson, C. & et al. (2019). A new species and a new combination of truffle-like fungi in the Geopora-Tricharina lineage from North America: Terracavicola echinospora gen. et sp. nov. and Geopora lateritia comb. nov. Ascomycete.org, 11(2), 37-47.
-
Hansen, K., Perry, B. A., Dranginis, A. W. & Pfister, D. H. (2013). A phylogeny of the highly diverse cupfungus family Pyronemataceae (Pezizomycetes, Ascomycota) clarifies relationships and evolution of selected life history traits. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 67(2), 311-335.
-
Harkness, H.W. (1885). Fungi of the Pacific Coast. Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences. 1(3), 159-176.
-
Hoang, D. T., Chernomor, O., von Haeseler, A., Minh, B. Q. & Vinh, L. S. (2018). UFBoot2: Improving the ultrafast bootstrap approximation. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 518-522. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx281
-
Jarjees, R. M., Abdul-Hadi, S. Y. & Al-Khesraji, T. O. (2023). First recording and molecular diagnostics of three ascomycetous macrofungi from Nineveh, Iraq. Journal of Advanced Education and Sciences, 3(3), 36-44.
-
Kesici, S., Sadullahoğlu, C., Akçay, M. E. & Uzun, Y. (2024). Neocucurbitaria rhamnicola: Türkiye İçin Yeni Bir Makromantar Kaydı. Mantar Dergisi, 15(2), 128-131.
-
Kirk, P. M., Cannon, P. F., Minter, D. W. & Stalpers, J. A. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi. Wallingford, UK: CAB International
-
Kaounas, V., Assyov, B. & Alvarado, P. (2011). New data on hypogeous fungi from Greece with special reference to Wakefieldia macrospora (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales) and Geopora clausa (Pyronemataceae, Pezizales). Mycologia Balcanica, 8(2), 105-113.
-
Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Mega, K. T. (2016). Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33(7), 1870-1874.
-
Maia, L. C., Yano, A. M. & Kimbrough, J. W. (1996). Species of Ascomycota forming ectomycorrhizae. Mycotaxon, 57, 371-390.
-
Maletti, M. & Ferrari, V. (2016). Funghi del litorale pesarese (Parte 2a). Micologia nelle Marche, 10(1), 17-24.
-
Nguyen, L. T., Schmidt, H. A., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B. Q. (2015). IQ-TREE A fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32, 268-274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300
-
Peric, B. (2011). Trois Discomycetes, nouvelles de la flore mycologique du Montenegro. Mycologia Montenegrina. 5, 93-118.
-
Pfister, D. H. & Healy, R. (2021). Pezizomycetes. In: Zaragoza, O. (Ed) Encyclopedia of Mycology. 1, 295-309. Oxford: Elsevier.
-
Rambaut, A. (2018). FigTree–Tree Figure Drawing Tool Version v. 1.4. 4. Edinburgh: Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh.
-
Ronquist, F. (2004). Bayesian inference of character evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19, 475-481.
-
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van Der Mark, P., Ayres, D. L., Darling, A. & et al. (2012). MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61(3), 539-542.
-
Schäffer, J. C. (1774). Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu circa Ratisbonam nascuntur icones, nativis coloribus expressae (in Latin). 4. Erlangen, Germany: Apud J.J. Palmium. 78.
-
Schoch, C. L., Seifert, K. A., Huhndorf, S., Robert, V., Spouge, J. L. & et al. (2012). Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi. PNAS, 109, 6241-6246. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117018109
-
Sesli, E., Asan, A. & Selçuk, F. (Eds) Abacı Günyar, Ö., Akata, I., Akgül, H., Aktaş, S., Alkan, S., Allı, H. & et al. (2020). Türkiye Mantarları Listesi (The Checklist of Fungi of Turkey). Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Vakfı Yayını. İstanbul. P. 1177.
-
Sheibani, M. & Jamali, S. (2020). Geopora ramila sp. nov. (Pezizales, Pyronemataceae) evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses in Iran. Phytotaxa, 475(1), 29-42.
-
Shen, X. X., Steenwyk, J. L., LaBella, A. L., Opulente, D. A., Zhou, X., Kominek, J. & et al. (2020). Genome-scale phylogeny and contrasting modes of genome evolution in the fungal phylum Ascomycota. Science Advances, 6(45), eabd0079.
-
Tamm, H., Põldmaa, K. & Kullman, B. (2010). Phylogenetic relationships in genus Geopora (Pyronemataceae, Pezizales). Mycological Progress, 9, 509-522.
-
Tekpinar, A. D. & Kalmer, A. (2019). Utility of various molecular markers in fungal identification and phylogeny. Nova Hedwigia, 109, 187-224. doi: 10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2019/0528
-
Terman, Ş. A., Akçay, M. E. & Dizkirici, A. (2024a). First Record of Helvella capucina in Türkiye: Morphological and Molecular Characterization. Mantar Dergisi, 15 (Special Issue), 66-72.
-
Terman, Ş. S., Dizkirici, A., Akçay, M. E., & Sadullahoğlu, C. (2024b). Morphological and molecular identification of Dissingia confusa based on the first record of the species in Türkiye. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 25(1), 65-72.
-
Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. & Gibson, T. J. (1994). CLUSTAL W: Improving the Sensitivity of Progressive Multiple Sequence Alignment through Sequence Weighting, Position-Specific Gap Penalties and Weight Matrix Choice. Nucleic Acids Research, 22, 4673-4680.
-
Uzun, Y. & Kaya, A. (2019). Geopora clausa, a new hypogeous ascomycete record for Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 12(2), 193-196.
-
Uzun, Y. (2023). The checklist of Turkish Pezizales species. Anatolian Journal of Botany, 7(1), 1-20.
-
Wen, J. & Zimmer, E. A. (1996). Phylogeny and Biogeography of Panax L. (the Ginseng Genus, Araliaceae): Inferences from ITS Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA. Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution, 6, 167-177.
-
Yao, Y. J. & Spooner B. M. (1996a). Notes on British species of Geopora. Mycological Research, 100, 72-74.
-
Yao, Y. J. & Spooner, B. M. (1996b). Geopora sepulta (Pezizales) in Britain, with a key to British species of the genus. Kew Bulletin, 381-383.