Reporting Intersex Florets in Salix caprea L. (Salicaceae) from NE Anatolia

Yıl 2020, , 11 - 14, 25.03.2020

Salih Terzioğlu Bedri Serdar Kamil Coşkunçelebi Murat Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.705786

Öz

Aim of the study: In the present paper, male or female catkins composed of several intersexes florets in four individuals (all in the same population) of Salix caprea are reported from Turkey for the first time.
Study area: Roadsides at Köse Mountain in Gümüşhane (NE Anatolia) wherein Scots pine forest is dominant.
Material and method: Plant materials were collected from the same population belong to goat willow during the excursion around Köse Mountain in 2017 and 2018. All materials consisting male, female and metamorfosans flowered shoots were first processed according to standard herbarium techniques.
Main results: Metamorphosans or intersexes florets in Salix caprea were recorded for the first time from Turkey.
Research highlights: In extremely rare cases, metamorphosans florets have been reported in several willow species distributed outside of Turkey. However, native goat willow individuals, in which these florets appear, were recorded here for the Turkish flora. Beside its possible reasons were discussed at local scale.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Metamorphosans, Sex Change, Turkey, willow

İnterseks Çiçekli Salix caprea L. (Salicaceae)’nın Kuzeydoğu Anadolu’da Varlığı

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı: Bu çalışmada, Salix caprea'nın interseks çiçeklere sahip erkek veya dişi kedicikli aynı popülasyondaki dört bireyinin varlığı Türkiye'den ilk kez bildirilmektedir.
Çalışma alanı: Gümüşhane (Kuzeydoğu Anadolu)’de sarıçamın baskın olduğu Köse Dağı yol kenarları.
Materyal ve yöntem: Çalışma materyalleri, Köse Dağı’ndaki aynı keçi söğüdü popülasyonundan 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında gerçekleştirilen arazi çalışmalarında toplanmıştır. Erkek, dişi ve metamorfoz çiçekli sürgünlerin herbaryum örneklerinden oluşan tüm materyaller önce standart herbaryum tekniğine göre hazırlanmıştır.
Temel sonuçlar: Keçi söğüdünün metamorfoz veya interseks çiçeklerden oluşan çiçek kurullarına sahip bireyleri Türkiye’den kaydedilmektedir.
Önemli vurgular: Ülkemiz dışındaki kimi söğüt türlerinde metamorfoz çiçekler çok nadir olarak gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada ise metamorfoz çiçekli doğal keçi söğüdü bireyleri Türkiye florasına kaydedilmiştir. Bu durumun olası nedenleri çalışma alanındaki dinamikler çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Metamorfoz, Cinsiyet Değişimi, Türkiye, söğüt

Kaynakça

• Argus, G.W. (2010). Salix L. In: Flora of North America. Eds. Editorial Committee. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford. 4–157. http://www.efloras.org/ florataxon. aspx? flora_id=1&taxon_id=129059
• Enescu, C. M., Houston Durrant, T., de Rigo, D., Caudullo, G. (2016). Salix caprea in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats. In: European Atlas of Forest Tree Species. Eds. San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., de Rigo, D., Caudullo, G., Houston Durrant, T., Mauri, A. (Eds.), Publ. Off. EU, Luxembourg. 170-171.
• Faliński, J.B. (1998). Androgyny of individuals and polygamy in populations of Salix yrsinifolia Salisb. in the south-western part of its geographical range (NE-Poland). Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 1/2, 238-266.
• Güner, A., Aslan S., Ekim T., Vural M., Babaç MT. (edlr.) (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul, Türkiye: Flora Araştırmaları Derneği.
• Harisson, J.H. (1924). Sex in the Salicaceae and its modification by Eriophid mites and other influences. The British Journal of Experimental Biology, 1, 445-472.
• Harrison, J.H. (1949). Intersexuality in Irish Willows. The Irish Naturalists' Journal, 9(10), 268-272.
• Heribert-Nilsson, N. (1918). Experimentelle studien ueber Variabilitaet, Spal- tung, Artbildung und Evolution in der Gattung Salix. Lunds. Univ. Arskr., 14, 28.
• Loehwing, W.F. (1938). Physiological aspects of sex in angiosperms. Botanical Review, 4(11), 581-625.
• Martinez, B., Sanin, M.J., Castillo, L.S., Camacho, R.L., Bernal, R. (2018). Sex change in the dioecious palm Ceroxylon quindiuense (Arecaceae). Ecology, 99(6), 1501–1503.
• Meusel, H., Jager, E., Rauschert, S., Weinert, E. (1978). Vergleichende Chorologie der Zentraleuropaischen Flora, Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena.
• Mirski, P. (2014). Exceptions from dioecy and sex lability in genus Salix. Dendrobiology, 71, 167-171.
• Mirski, P. & Brzesko, E. (2014). Are hermaphrodites better adapted to the colonization process in trioecious populations of Salix myrsinifolia? Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 84(2), 167-175.
• Mosbacher, J.B., Schmidt, N.M., Michelsen, A. (2013). Impacts of eriophyoid gall mites on arctic willow in a rapidly changing Arctic. Polar Biol. 36, 1735-1748.
• Myers-Smith, I.H., & Hik, D.S. (2012). Uniform Female-biased sex ratios in alpine willows. American Journal of Botany, 99(7): 1243–1248.
• Policansky, D. (1982). Sex change in plants and animals. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 3, 471-495.
• Rainio, A.J. (1927). Ueber die Intersexualitaet bei der Gattung Salix. Ann. Zool. Botanicae Fennicae, 5(2), 265-275.
• Rohwer, J. & Kubitzki, K. (1984). Salix martiana, a Regularly Hermaphrodite Willow. Plant Systematics and Evoluation, 144, 99-101.
• Rottenberg, A. (2007). Fertility and sexual structure in a polygamous willow population. Plant Systematics and Evoluation, 268: 257–260.
• Smith, E.C. (1940). Sex expression in willows. Botanical Gazette, 101(4), 851-861.
• Skvortsov, A.K. (1999). Willows of Russia and adjacent countries: taxonomical and geographical revision. University of Joensuu, Joensuu, Finland.
• Skvortsov, A.K. & Edmondson, J.R. (1982). Salix L. In: Davis, P.H. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol: 7, at the University Press, Edinburgh, 694-716.
• Terzioğlu, S., Serdar, B., Karaköse, M., Coşkunçelebi, K., Gültepe, M. (2014). New data on Salix anatolica (Salicaceae) endemic to Turkey. Phytotaxa, 167(1), 111–118.
• Terzioğlu, S., Tüfekçioğlu, A., Küçük, M. (2015). Vegetation and plant diversity of High-Altitude Mountains in Eastern Karadeniz (Black Sea) Region of Turkey and climate change interactions. In: Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems. Eds. Öztürk, M., Hakeem, K.R., Farudah-Hanum, I. and Efe, R., Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 383-408.