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Farklı Fidanlıklarda Ekim Şekli ve Yetiştirme Sıklığının Dar Yapraklı Dişbudak Fidanlarının Morfolojik Özelliklerine Etkisi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 74 - 85, 29.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.801790

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı: Bu çalışmanın amacı ekim şeklinin ve yetiştirme sıklığının Dar yapraklı dişbudak fidanlarının morfolojik özelliklerine etkileri yanında, hangi fidanlıkta geleneksel yöntemlerle istenilen kalitede (RCD≥8 mm, HS≥70 cm) en fazla sayıda fidan üretilebileceği belirlemektir.
Çalışma alanı: Bu çalışma İzmit ve Hendek Orman işletme fidanlıklarında yapıldı.
Materyal ve yöntem: Fidanlıklarda dişbudak tohumları iki ekim tipinde (çizgi ve kare ) ve dört farklı yetiştirme sıklığında (SD: 30, 48, 99 gençlik m-2 ve kontrol) ekilmiştir. Bir yıllık büyüme sonunda, boy, çap, kök sayısı, gövde ve kök ağırlıkları ve gövde-kök oranı ölçüldü. Ayrıca, fidanlıkların bazı toprak özellikleri analiz edilmiştir.
Temel sonuçlar: İzmit fidanlarının boyu ve ince kök sayısı ekim şeklinden olumlu yönde etkilenirken, ekim şekli Hendek fidanlarının morfolojisini etkilememiştir. Her iki fidanlıktaki fidanların en yüksek morfolojik özellikleri SD30'da bulunmuştur. Hendekte yetiştirilen fidanlarının sadece % 5'i istenen kalitede iken, bu oran İzmit’te % 65 olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Araştırma vurguları: Çok yoğun ve boylu diri örtü rekabeti olan dişbudak sahalarının gençleştirilmesinde kullanılacak 1+0 yaşlı ve çıplak köklü dişbudak fidanlarının İzmit orman fidanlığında 30 adet m-2 sıklıkta yetiştirilmesi önerilebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Agnihotri, Y., Mishra, P., Sadhu, S. & Singh, S. (1989). Economics of reducing rotation in Eucalyptus hybrid. Indian Journal of Forestry, 12, 2.
  • Alameda, D. & Villar, R. (2012). Linking root traits to plant physiology and growth in Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. seedlings under soil compaction conditions. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 79, 49-57. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.01.004
  • Barnett, J. P. (1989). Seed, cultural-practices, and seedling uniformity. Forestry, 62, 95-105.
  • Bobinac, M., Andrasev, S. & Šijacic-Nikolic, M. (2010). Elements of growth and structure of narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl) annual seedlings in the nursery on fluvisol. Periodicum biologorum, 112(3), 341-351.
  • Çepel, N. (1995). Orman Ekolojisi. İstanbul, Türkiye: İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Çiçek, E., Tilki, F., Kulac, S., Yilmaz, M. & Yilmaz, F. (2007a). Survival and growth of three hardwood species (Fraxinus angustifolia, Ulmus laevis and U. minor) on a bottomland site with heavy clay soil. Journal of Plant Science, 2(2), 233-237. doi:10.3923/jps.2007.233.237
  • Çiçek, E., Yilmaz, F. & Yilmaz, M. (2010). Effect of N and NPK fertilizers on early field performance of narrow-leaved ash, Fraxinus angustifolia. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31, 109-114.
  • Çicek, E., Çicek, N. & Bilir, N. (2007). Effects of seedbed density on one-year-old Fraxinus angustifolia seedling characteristics and outplanting performance. New Forests, 33(1), 81-91.
  • Çiçek, E. (2004). Dar yapraklı dişbudak (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) plantasyonlarında bazı meşcere özelliklerinin silvikültürel yönden değerlendirilmesi. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 205-219.
  • Çiçek, E., Çiçek, N. & Tilki, F. (2011). Four-year field performance of Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. and Ulmus leavis Pall. seedlings grown at different nursery seedbed densities. Research Journal of Forestry, 5(2), 89-98. doi:10.3923/rjf.2011.89.98
  • Çiçek, E., Tilki, F. & Çiçek, N. (2006). Field performance of narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) rooted cuttings and seedlings. Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(4), 750-753.
  • Çiçek, E., Yılmaz, F., Yılmaz, M. & Yılmaz, S. (2007b). Dar yapraklı dişbudak (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) tıraşlama alanında diri örtünün belirlenmesi ve kültür bakımı açısından değerlendirilmesi. Orman Mühendisliği Dergisi, 44(1), 25-28.
  • Çiçek, E. & Yılmaz, M. (2002). The importance of Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa as a fast growing tree for Turkey. Paper presented at the IUFRO Meeting on Management of Fast Growing Plantations, 11-13 September, İzmit, Turkey.
  • Dey, D. C. & Parker, W. C. (1997). Morphological indicators of stock quality and field performance of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings underplanted in a central Ontario shelterwood. New Forests, 14(2), 145-156.
  • Duryea, M. L. & Landis, T. D. (1984). Forest nursery manual: production of bareroot seedlings , 11: Springer Netherlands.
  • Eyuboglu, A. K. (1975). Kizilagacin (Alnus barbata) fidanlikta yetistirilmesinde uygun ekim sikliginin saptanmasi. Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Teknik Bülten(74), 1-22.
  • Gezer, A. & Yücedağ, C. (2013). Orman ağacı tohumları ve tohumdan fidan yetiştirme tekniği, 102. Isparta, Türkiye: SDÜ Orman Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Howell, K. D. & Harrington, T. B. (1998, 25-27 February). Regeneration efficiency of bareroot oak seedlings subjected to various nursery and planting treatments. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, Clemson, North Carolina.
  • Jacobs, D., Woeste, K., Wilson, B. & McKenna, J. (2006). Stock quality of black walnut (Juglans nigra) seedlings as affected by half-sib seed source and nursery sowing density. Acta Horticulturae, 705, 375.
  • Kacar, B. (2016). Fiziksel ve kimyasal toprak analizleri. Ankara, Türkiye: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık
  • Kantarcı, M. D. (2000). Toprak İlmi ( 4261/462). İstanbul, Türkiye: İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi.
  • Kapucu, F., Yavuz, H. & Gül, A. (1999). Dişbudak meşcerelerinde hacım, bonitet endeks ve normal hasılat tablosunun düzenlenmesi. Trabzon, Turkiye: KTÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Kennedy Jr, H. E. (1988). Effects of seedbed density and row spacing on growth and nutrient concentrations of nuttall oak and green ash seedlings. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station (USA), Research note(SO-349), 1-5.
  • MGM. (2015). İzmit ve Sakarya meteroloji istasyonu iklim verileri [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.mgm.gov.tr/
  • Mullin, R. E. & Bowdery, L. (1977). Effects of seedbed density and nursery fertilization on survival and growth of white spruce. The Forestry Chronicle, 53(2), 83-86. doi:10.5558/tfc53083-2
  • Mullin, R. E. & Bowdery, L. (1978). Effects of nursery seedbed density and topdressing fertilization on survival and growth of 3+0 red pine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 8(1), 30-35. doi:10.1139/x78-006
  • OGM. (2015). Türkiye orman varlığı. Ankara, Türkiye: Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü
  • Pliura, A. (1999). Fraxinus spp. conservation strategy. Paper presented at the Noble harwood network, Reporth of the 3rd Meeting.
  • Ponder, F. (2000). Survival and growth of planted hardwoods in harvested openings with first-order lateral root differences, root-dipping, and tree shelters. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, 17(2), 45-50.
  • South, D. B., Rakestraw, J. L. & Lowerts, G. A. (2001). Early gains from planting large-diameter seedlings and intensive management are additive for loblolly pine. New Forests, 22(1-2), 97-110.
  • Tolay, U. (1994). Yapraklı tür orman ağaçları fidan üretim tekniği. Kavak ve Hızlı Gelişen Tür Orman Ağaçları Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21, 1-19.
  • TSE. (1988). Yapraklı orman ağacı fidanları (TS 5624) (TS-5624). Ankara, Türkiye: Türk Standartları Enstitüsü.
  • Ürgenç, S. İ. (1992). Ağaç ve süs bitkileri fidanlık ve yetiştirme tekniği. İstanbul, Türkiye: İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi.
  • van den Driessche, R. (1984). Soil Fertility in Forest Nurseries. In M. L. Duryea, T. D. Landis, & C. R. Perry (Eds.), Forestry Nursery Manual: Production of Bareroot Seedlings (63-74). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
  • Wichman, J. R. & Coggeshall, M. V. (1983). The effects of seedbed density and fertilization on 1-0 white oak nursery stock. Tree Planters’ Notes, 34(4), 13-16.
  • Williams, H. M. & Stewart, T. (2006). The effects of sower and bed density on bareroot loblolly pine seedling morphology and early height growth. Paper presented at the 13th biennial southern silvicultural research conference, Asheville, NC, USA.
  • Yaltirik, F. (1978). Turkiye'deki dogal Oleaceae taksonlarinin sistematik revizyonu (Taxonomic revision of the indigenous taxa within the family Oleaceae in Turkey.). İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2404/250.

Effect of Sowing Type and Seedbed Density on The Morphological Characteristics of Narrow-Leaved Ash Seedlings in Different Nurseries

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 74 - 85, 29.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.801790

Öz

Aim of study: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sowing type and seedbed density on the morphological characteristics of narrow-leaved ash (NLA) seedlings and to determine the maximum number of seedlings of the desired quality (RCD ≥ 8 mm, HS ≥70 cm) in two nurseries.
Area of study: This work was carried out in İzmit and Hendek (Turkey) state nurseries.
Material and methods: NLA seeds were planted in nurseries using two sowing types (straight line and square grid) and four different seedbed densities (SD: 30, 48, 99 seedlings m-2 and control). After one year of growth, height, diameter, number of roots, stem and root weights and stem-root ratio of the NLA seedlings were measured.
Main results: The seedling height and number of fine roots were positively influenced by sowing type in the İzmit seedlings, whereas sowing type did not affect seedling morphology in Hendek. The best morphological characteristics were found at SD30 for the seedlings in both nurseries. Only 5% of the Hendek seedlings were of desired quality, while 65% were so determined in the İzmit seedlings.
Highlights: As a result, the recommended planting of 1+0-year-old bare-rooted NLA seedlings to be used in the regeneration of NLA forests would be at 30 m-2 SD in the İzmit forest nursery.

Kaynakça

  • Agnihotri, Y., Mishra, P., Sadhu, S. & Singh, S. (1989). Economics of reducing rotation in Eucalyptus hybrid. Indian Journal of Forestry, 12, 2.
  • Alameda, D. & Villar, R. (2012). Linking root traits to plant physiology and growth in Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. seedlings under soil compaction conditions. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 79, 49-57. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.01.004
  • Barnett, J. P. (1989). Seed, cultural-practices, and seedling uniformity. Forestry, 62, 95-105.
  • Bobinac, M., Andrasev, S. & Šijacic-Nikolic, M. (2010). Elements of growth and structure of narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl) annual seedlings in the nursery on fluvisol. Periodicum biologorum, 112(3), 341-351.
  • Çepel, N. (1995). Orman Ekolojisi. İstanbul, Türkiye: İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Çiçek, E., Tilki, F., Kulac, S., Yilmaz, M. & Yilmaz, F. (2007a). Survival and growth of three hardwood species (Fraxinus angustifolia, Ulmus laevis and U. minor) on a bottomland site with heavy clay soil. Journal of Plant Science, 2(2), 233-237. doi:10.3923/jps.2007.233.237
  • Çiçek, E., Yilmaz, F. & Yilmaz, M. (2010). Effect of N and NPK fertilizers on early field performance of narrow-leaved ash, Fraxinus angustifolia. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31, 109-114.
  • Çicek, E., Çicek, N. & Bilir, N. (2007). Effects of seedbed density on one-year-old Fraxinus angustifolia seedling characteristics and outplanting performance. New Forests, 33(1), 81-91.
  • Çiçek, E. (2004). Dar yapraklı dişbudak (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) plantasyonlarında bazı meşcere özelliklerinin silvikültürel yönden değerlendirilmesi. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 205-219.
  • Çiçek, E., Çiçek, N. & Tilki, F. (2011). Four-year field performance of Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. and Ulmus leavis Pall. seedlings grown at different nursery seedbed densities. Research Journal of Forestry, 5(2), 89-98. doi:10.3923/rjf.2011.89.98
  • Çiçek, E., Tilki, F. & Çiçek, N. (2006). Field performance of narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) rooted cuttings and seedlings. Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(4), 750-753.
  • Çiçek, E., Yılmaz, F., Yılmaz, M. & Yılmaz, S. (2007b). Dar yapraklı dişbudak (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) tıraşlama alanında diri örtünün belirlenmesi ve kültür bakımı açısından değerlendirilmesi. Orman Mühendisliği Dergisi, 44(1), 25-28.
  • Çiçek, E. & Yılmaz, M. (2002). The importance of Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa as a fast growing tree for Turkey. Paper presented at the IUFRO Meeting on Management of Fast Growing Plantations, 11-13 September, İzmit, Turkey.
  • Dey, D. C. & Parker, W. C. (1997). Morphological indicators of stock quality and field performance of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings underplanted in a central Ontario shelterwood. New Forests, 14(2), 145-156.
  • Duryea, M. L. & Landis, T. D. (1984). Forest nursery manual: production of bareroot seedlings , 11: Springer Netherlands.
  • Eyuboglu, A. K. (1975). Kizilagacin (Alnus barbata) fidanlikta yetistirilmesinde uygun ekim sikliginin saptanmasi. Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Teknik Bülten(74), 1-22.
  • Gezer, A. & Yücedağ, C. (2013). Orman ağacı tohumları ve tohumdan fidan yetiştirme tekniği, 102. Isparta, Türkiye: SDÜ Orman Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Howell, K. D. & Harrington, T. B. (1998, 25-27 February). Regeneration efficiency of bareroot oak seedlings subjected to various nursery and planting treatments. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, Clemson, North Carolina.
  • Jacobs, D., Woeste, K., Wilson, B. & McKenna, J. (2006). Stock quality of black walnut (Juglans nigra) seedlings as affected by half-sib seed source and nursery sowing density. Acta Horticulturae, 705, 375.
  • Kacar, B. (2016). Fiziksel ve kimyasal toprak analizleri. Ankara, Türkiye: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık
  • Kantarcı, M. D. (2000). Toprak İlmi ( 4261/462). İstanbul, Türkiye: İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi.
  • Kapucu, F., Yavuz, H. & Gül, A. (1999). Dişbudak meşcerelerinde hacım, bonitet endeks ve normal hasılat tablosunun düzenlenmesi. Trabzon, Turkiye: KTÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Kennedy Jr, H. E. (1988). Effects of seedbed density and row spacing on growth and nutrient concentrations of nuttall oak and green ash seedlings. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station (USA), Research note(SO-349), 1-5.
  • MGM. (2015). İzmit ve Sakarya meteroloji istasyonu iklim verileri [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.mgm.gov.tr/
  • Mullin, R. E. & Bowdery, L. (1977). Effects of seedbed density and nursery fertilization on survival and growth of white spruce. The Forestry Chronicle, 53(2), 83-86. doi:10.5558/tfc53083-2
  • Mullin, R. E. & Bowdery, L. (1978). Effects of nursery seedbed density and topdressing fertilization on survival and growth of 3+0 red pine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 8(1), 30-35. doi:10.1139/x78-006
  • OGM. (2015). Türkiye orman varlığı. Ankara, Türkiye: Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü
  • Pliura, A. (1999). Fraxinus spp. conservation strategy. Paper presented at the Noble harwood network, Reporth of the 3rd Meeting.
  • Ponder, F. (2000). Survival and growth of planted hardwoods in harvested openings with first-order lateral root differences, root-dipping, and tree shelters. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, 17(2), 45-50.
  • South, D. B., Rakestraw, J. L. & Lowerts, G. A. (2001). Early gains from planting large-diameter seedlings and intensive management are additive for loblolly pine. New Forests, 22(1-2), 97-110.
  • Tolay, U. (1994). Yapraklı tür orman ağaçları fidan üretim tekniği. Kavak ve Hızlı Gelişen Tür Orman Ağaçları Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21, 1-19.
  • TSE. (1988). Yapraklı orman ağacı fidanları (TS 5624) (TS-5624). Ankara, Türkiye: Türk Standartları Enstitüsü.
  • Ürgenç, S. İ. (1992). Ağaç ve süs bitkileri fidanlık ve yetiştirme tekniği. İstanbul, Türkiye: İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi.
  • van den Driessche, R. (1984). Soil Fertility in Forest Nurseries. In M. L. Duryea, T. D. Landis, & C. R. Perry (Eds.), Forestry Nursery Manual: Production of Bareroot Seedlings (63-74). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
  • Wichman, J. R. & Coggeshall, M. V. (1983). The effects of seedbed density and fertilization on 1-0 white oak nursery stock. Tree Planters’ Notes, 34(4), 13-16.
  • Williams, H. M. & Stewart, T. (2006). The effects of sower and bed density on bareroot loblolly pine seedling morphology and early height growth. Paper presented at the 13th biennial southern silvicultural research conference, Asheville, NC, USA.
  • Yaltirik, F. (1978). Turkiye'deki dogal Oleaceae taksonlarinin sistematik revizyonu (Taxonomic revision of the indigenous taxa within the family Oleaceae in Turkey.). İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2404/250.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Cemal Fidan Bu kişi benim

Ali Özbayram Bu kişi benim

Hazin Gültekin Bu kişi benim

Hülya Tamyüksel Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Fidan, C., Özbayram, A., Gültekin, H., Tamyüksel, H. (2020). Effect of Sowing Type and Seedbed Density on The Morphological Characteristics of Narrow-Leaved Ash Seedlings in Different Nurseries. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 20(2), 74-85. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.801790
AMA Fidan C, Özbayram A, Gültekin H, Tamyüksel H. Effect of Sowing Type and Seedbed Density on The Morphological Characteristics of Narrow-Leaved Ash Seedlings in Different Nurseries. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. Eylül 2020;20(2):74-85. doi:10.17475/kastorman.801790
Chicago Fidan, Cemal, Ali Özbayram, Hazin Gültekin, ve Hülya Tamyüksel. “Effect of Sowing Type and Seedbed Density on The Morphological Characteristics of Narrow-Leaved Ash Seedlings in Different Nurseries”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 20, sy. 2 (Eylül 2020): 74-85. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.801790.
EndNote Fidan C, Özbayram A, Gültekin H, Tamyüksel H (01 Eylül 2020) Effect of Sowing Type and Seedbed Density on The Morphological Characteristics of Narrow-Leaved Ash Seedlings in Different Nurseries. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 20 2 74–85.
IEEE C. Fidan, A. Özbayram, H. Gültekin, ve H. Tamyüksel, “Effect of Sowing Type and Seedbed Density on The Morphological Characteristics of Narrow-Leaved Ash Seedlings in Different Nurseries”, Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, c. 20, sy. 2, ss. 74–85, 2020, doi: 10.17475/kastorman.801790.
ISNAD Fidan, Cemal vd. “Effect of Sowing Type and Seedbed Density on The Morphological Characteristics of Narrow-Leaved Ash Seedlings in Different Nurseries”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 20/2 (Eylül 2020), 74-85. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.801790.
JAMA Fidan C, Özbayram A, Gültekin H, Tamyüksel H. Effect of Sowing Type and Seedbed Density on The Morphological Characteristics of Narrow-Leaved Ash Seedlings in Different Nurseries. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2020;20:74–85.
MLA Fidan, Cemal vd. “Effect of Sowing Type and Seedbed Density on The Morphological Characteristics of Narrow-Leaved Ash Seedlings in Different Nurseries”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, c. 20, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 74-85, doi:10.17475/kastorman.801790.
Vancouver Fidan C, Özbayram A, Gültekin H, Tamyüksel H. Effect of Sowing Type and Seedbed Density on The Morphological Characteristics of Narrow-Leaved Ash Seedlings in Different Nurseries. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2020;20(2):74-85.

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