Crataegus monogyna (Jac.) ve Crataegus azarolus var. pontica ((K. Koch) K. I. Chr) Tohumlarının Morfolojilerinin ve Ön İşlemlerin Tohumlarının Çimlenmesi Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 181 - 189, 29.09.2020

Aşkın Göktürk Ferhat Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.801801

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı: Bu çalışma yemişen (Crataegus monogyna Jac.) ve müzmüldek (Crataegus azarolus var. pontica (K. Koch.) K.I. Chr) tohumlarının morfolojilerini ve ön işlemlerin tohumların çimlenmesi üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Materyal ve yöntem: Yemişen ve müzmüldek olgun meyveleri, Artvin ilinde (Türkiye) Hatila Vadisi ve Yusufeli Pamukçular köyünde yetişen ağaçlardan Eylül 2016'da toplanmıştır. Tohumlar, farklı sürelerde kül çözeltisinde bekletme, sülfürik asit hidrojen peroksit ve etanol ile kimyasal aşındırma ve kül çözeltisinde bekletme ile sülfürik asitte kimysasal aşındırma ön işlemlerinin kombinasyonlarına tabi tutulmuştur. Tohumlar, dört tekrarlı tesadüfi tam blok deneme desenine göre ekilmiştir.
Temel sonuçlar: Müzmüldek tohumlarının çimlenme yüzdesi (% 37.31) yemişen tohumlarının çimlenme yüzdesinden (% 16.53) daha yüksektir. Kül çözeltisinde bekletme, yemişen tohumlarının çimlenmesini etkilememiş, ancak müzmüldek tohumlarının çimlenmesinde önemli (p <0.05) etkisi olmuştur. Müzmüldek tohumlarında en yüksek çimlenme yüzdesi (% 64.98) 6 saat sülfürik asitte zedeleme ve 144 saat kül çözeltisinde bekletme işlemlerinin birlikte uygulanmasından elde edilmiştir.
Araştırma vurguları: Alkali kül çözeltisi müzmüldek tohumlarının çimlenme engelini gidermek amacıyla sülfürik asitle zedeleme işlemiyle birlikte veya ayrı olarak uygulanabilir.

Keywords

Asidik Kimyasallar, Alkali Kül Çözeltisi, Müzmüldek, Yemişen, Çimlenme Engeli

Determination of Seed Morphologies and Effect of Pretreatments on Germination of Crataegus monogyna (Jac.) and Crataegus azarolus var. pontica (K. Koch) K. I. Chr Seeds

Abstract

Aim of the study: This study was conducted to determine seed morphologies and the effects of pretreatments on germination of common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jac.) and azarole (Crataegus azarolus var. pontica (K. Koch.) K. I. Chr) seeds.
Material and methods: Ripe fruits of the common hawthorn and azarole seeds were collected from trees growing in Hatila Valley and Pamukcular Village in September 2016 in Artvin, Turkey. The seeds were subjected to varying durations of ash solution, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol and combinations of ash solution and sulfuric acid pretreatments. The seeds were sown according to a randomized complete block design with four replications.
Main results: Germination of azarole seeds (37.31%) was higher than that of common hawthorn seeds (16.53%). The ash solution pretreatments did not affect the germination of the common hawthorn seeds. Hovewer, it was found to be more effective (p<0.05) on germination of azarole seeds.The highest germination percentage (64.98%) of azarole seeds were found in seeds that had been treated in sulfuric acid for 6 hours with ash solution for 144 hours.
Highlights: In order to remove the seed dormancy of azarole seeds, an ash solution treatment can be applied togetheror separately with sulfuric acid.

Keywords

Acidic Chemicals, Alkaline Ash Solution, Azarole, Common Hawthorn

References

• Ahmadloo, F., Tabari, M., Azadi, P., Hamidi, A. (2014). Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) andstratification on germination traits of Crataegus pseudoheterophylla Pojark. Seeds, Scientia Horticulturae, 172, 61–67
• Ahmadloo, F., Tabari Kouchaksaraei M., Goodarzi, G. R. & Salehi, A. (2017). Effects of gibberellic acid and storage temperature on the germination of hawthorn seeds. Journal of Forest Science, 63 (9), 417-424
• Bewley, J. D. & Black, M. (1994). Seeds: Physiology of Development and Germination. Plenum Press, NewYork.
• Brinkman, K. A. (1974). Crataegus L., Hawthorn, Schopmeyer CS, Tech. Coord. Seeds of Woody Plants in the United States, (356-360). Agriculture Handbook, USDA Forest Service.
• Browicz, K. (1972). Crataegus L. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, (4, 133-147). Edinburgh.
• Bujarska-Borkowska, B. (2002). Breaking of seed dormancy, germination and seedling emergence of the common Crataegus (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.). Dendrobiology, 47, 61-70.
• Bujarska-Borkowska, B. (2006). Seed dormancy breaking in Crataegus laevigata. Dendrobiology, 56, 3-11.
• Bujarska-Borkowska, B. (2007). Dormancy breaking, germination, and seedling emergence from seeds of Crataegus submollis. Dendrobiology, 58, 9-15.
• Christensen, K. I. & Zielinski, J. (2008). Notes on the genus Crataegus (Rosaceae_Pyreae) in southern Europe, the Crimea and western Asia, Nordic Journal of Botany, 26, 344-360.
• Compton, M. E. (1994). Statistical methods suitable for the analysis of plant tissue culture data. Plant Cell. Tissue and Organ Culture, 37, 217-242.
• Dhillon, P. S. (1961). Some effects of hydrogen peroxide on the germination of Westrn Larch seed, Theses, Dissertations, Proffesional papers, Paper 3618, University of Montana.
• Dirr, M. A. & Heuser, C. W. Jr. (1987). The Reference Manual of Woody Plant Propagation, From Seed to Tissue Culture, 239. Varsity Press, Athens, GA.
• Dönmez, A. A. (2004). The Genus Crataegus L. (Rosaceae) with Special Reference to Hybridisation and Biodiversty in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 28, 29-37.
• Gokturk, A., Guner, S. & Yildirim, F. (2017). Seed Properties of Crataegus (Crateagus sp.) Species and Effects of Sulfuric Acid Pretreatments on Seed Coat Thickness, VIII International Scientific Agriculture Symposium. Book of Proceedings (733-738). 05-08 October, Jahorina.
• Gokturk, A. & Yilmaz, S. (2015). Investigation of the Effects of Sowing Area, Sowing time and Some Pretreatments on Germination of Seeds of Crataegus orientalis Paal. Ex. M. Bieb., Journal of Forestry Faculty of Artvin Coruh University, 16 (2), 190-202.
• Gultekin, H. C., Yildiz, D., Divrik, A., Gultekin, U.G. & Genc, M. (2006). Investigations to Pervent the Seed dormancys of Seeds of Crataegus orientalis Pallas. ex. Bieb., Crataegus tanacetifolia (Lam.) Pers., Crataegus aronia (L.) Bosc. ex. DC. Journal of Science and Technology of Anadolu University, 7 (1), 111-117
• Hartman, H. T., Kester, D. E., Davies, F. T. & Jr Geneve, R. L. (1997). Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 770.
• Hou, J. Q. & Simpson, G. M. (1994). Effects of immersing dry seeds in alkaline solutions on seed dormancy and water uptake in wild oat (Avena fatua). Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 74, 19-24.
• Idu, M. & Omonhinmin, A. C. (2002). Effect of Methanol and Ethanol Pre-Treatments on Seed Germination and Seedling Development of Dichrostachyscinerea (L.) Wight and Arn. (Fabaceae), Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci. 25(1), 35-37.
• ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) (1993). Rules for Testing Seeds: Rules, Seed Science and Technology, 21 , 1-259.
• Kim, J. H., Lee, A. K. & Suh, J. K. (2016). Effect of warm and cold stratification and ethanol treatment on germination of Corylopsis seeds. Hort. Sci. (Prague), 43, 84-91.
• Lasseigne, F. T. & Blazich, F. A. (2008). Crataegus L., The Woody Plant Seed Manual, Agriculture Hand Book, 727 , (447-456). United States Department of Agriculture. Milivojević, M., Ripka, Z. & Petrović, T. (2018). ISTA Rules Changes in Seed Germination Testing at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture, 22 (1), 40-45.
• Morgenson, G. (2000). Effects of Cold Stratification, Warm-Cold Stratification, and Acid Scarification on Seed Germination of 3 Crataegus Species. Tree Planters Notes, 49 (3), 72-74
• Morton, J. F. (1981). Atlas of medicinal plants of Middle America: Bahamas to Yucatan. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. 1420.
• Ozcan, M., Haciseferogullari, H., Marakoglu, T. & Arslan, D. (2005). Crataegus (Crataegus spp.) fruit: some physical and chemical properties. Journal of Food Engineering, 69,409-413.
• Özkan, N. G., Aslan, S. & Fırat, M. (2014). Crataegus L. (Alıçlar) (Editör) Akkemik, Ü., Turkiye’nin Doğal-Egzotik Ağac ve Calıları 1, (s. 43-66). Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara.
• Persson, L., Jensen, M., Eriksen, E. Nymann & Mortensen, L. C. (2006). The effect of endocarp and endocarp splitting resistance on warm stratification requirement of hawthorn seeds (Crataegus monogyna). Seed Science and Technology, 34 (3), 573-584
• Piotto, B., Bartolini, G., Bussotti, F., Asensio A., García, C., Chessa, I., Ciccarese, et al. (2003). Fact Sheets on the Propagation of Mediterranean Trees and Shrubs From Seed. Inside Seed Propagation of Mediterranean Trees and Shrubs, (11-51), Italy: Agency for the protection of the environment and for technical services.
• Salehi, M. R., Ashiri F. & Salehi, H. (2008). Effect of Different Ethanol Concentrations on Seed Germination of Three Turfgrass Genera. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 2(1), 6-9.
• Shrauder, P. A. (1977). Crataeguss/Crataegus spp. In: Halls LK, ed. Southern fruit-producing woody plants used by wildlife. Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-16. New Orleans: USDA Forest Service Southern Forest Experiment Station: 12-18.
• St. John, S. (1982). Acid Treatment of Seeds of Crataegus monogyna and other Crataegus Species. Combined Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators Society, 32, 203-205.
• Tyszkiewicz, S. (1949). Nasiennictwo leśne (The forest seeds). Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa, Seria D: 2, Varszawa.
• Yahyaoglu, Z., Olmez, Z., Gokturk, A. & Temel, F. (2006). Effectives on Germination of Seeds of Crataegus spp. of Cold Stratification and Sulfuric Acid Pretreatments. Journal of ZKU Bartin Forestry Faculty, 8 (10), 72-77 .
• Young, J. A. & Young, C. G. (1992). Seeds of Woody Plants in North America. Dioscorides Press, Portland.