Araştırma Makalesi
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Patch Analizi ile Orman Süksesyonunun Konumsal ve Zamansal Değişiminin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 186 - 198, 06.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1394879

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Clements’in yaklaşımına göre 1972 ve 2014 yılları için sekonder orman süksesyon haritasını düzenlemek, süksesyonun konumsal ve zamansal değişimini değerlendirmek ve değişimi etkileyen faktörleri ortaya koymaktır.
Çalışma alanı: Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde yer alan Diyarbakır ilinde bulunan Çermik Orman İşletmesi'nde gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Materyal ve yöntem: Sekonder orman süksesyon haritasını oluşturmak için Clements’in yaklaşımı, Uzaktan Algılama (UA) ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) kullanıldı. Parçalılık indeksleri yardımıyla konumsal ve zamansal değişiklikleri belirlemek için Patch Analyst 4.0 kullanıldı.
Temel sonuçlar: Toplam ormanlık alan 1972'de 32405.1 hektardan 2014'te 45054.7 hektara yükseldi (12649.6 hektar artış). İleri süksesyon 87736.7 ha, geri süksesyon 39216.5 ha ve değişmeyen süksesyon alanı yaklaşık 129989.6 ha olarak belirlendi. Parça (patch) sayısının 42 yıllık bir zaman diliminde arttığı tespit edildi.
Araştırma vurguları: Orman ekosistemi, parçaların daha düzensiz, karmaşık ve köşegen hale gelmesiyle birlikte daha parçalı bir hale geldi.

Kaynakça

  • Akay, A. E., Doucas, K., Erdaş, O., Oğuz, H. & Sivrikaya, F. (2012). Using GIS Techniques to Determine Fire Protection Zones Considering Forest Road Network. 4th International Symposium FORMEC, 8-12 Ekim 2022, Dubrovnik, Hırvatistan, 7.
  • Akay, A. E., Sivrikaya, F. & Gülci, S. (2014). Analyzing riparian forest cover changes along the Firniz river in the Mediterranean city of Kahramanmaras in Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186 (5), 2741-2747.
  • Anderson, C. B. (2018) Biodiversity monitoring, earth observations and the ecology of scale. Ecol Lett, 21, 1572-1585.
  • Anonymous, (2008). Ecosystem-based functional forest management plans Guide. Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Benitez-Malvido, J. & Arroyo-Rodriguez, V. (2008). Habitat fragmentation, edge effects and biological corridors in tropical ecosystems. In: Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. International Commission on Tropical Biology and Natural Resources. UNESCO, Eolss Publishers, Oxford, UK.
  • Berila, A. & Isufi, F. (2021). Two decades (2000–2020) measuring urban sprawl using GIS, RS and landscape metrics: a case study of municipality of Prishtina (Kosovo). Journal of Ecological Engineering, 22(6).
  • Blatt, S. E., Crowder, A. & Harmsen, R. (2005). Secondary succession in two south-eastern Ontario old-fields. Plant Ecology, 177, 25-41.
  • Bozali, N., Sivrikaya, F. & Akay, A. E. (2015). Use of spatial pattern analysis to assess forest cover changes in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Journal of Forest Research, 20(4),365-374. DOI 10.1007/s10310-015-0493-2.
  • Çakır, G. (2006). Establishing Spatial data base for forest management planning using remote sensing and geographic information system, PhD Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Graduate School Natural Applied Science, Trabzon, Türkiye.
  • Çakır, G., Keles, S., Sivrikaya, F., Baskent, E. Z. & Köse, S. (2006). Determining the effects of different scanner and scanning resolutions on orientation errors in producing of orthophotos, 7th International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, 553-556.
  • Çakır, G., Sivrikaya, F., Terzioglu, S., Keles, S. & Baskent, E. Z. (2007a). Monitoring thirty years of land cover change: Secondary forest succession in the Artvin Forest planning unit of Northeastern Türkiye. Scottish Geographical Journal, 123(3), 209-226.
  • Çakır, G., Sivrikaya, F., Terzioğlu, S., Başkent, E. Z., Sönmez, T. & Yolasığmaz, H. A. (2007b). Mapping secondary forest succession with geographic information systems: a case study from Bulanıkdere, Kırklareli, Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 31(1),71-81.
  • Çakır, G., Sivrikaya, F., Keleş, S. (2008). Forest cover change and fragmentation using Landsat data in Maçka state forest enterprise in Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 137(1-3), 51-66. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-9728-9.
  • Çakır, G. (2019). Determination of land use situation with high resolution digital aerial photographs in Çermik forest planning unit in Diyarbakir. 3rd UNIDOKAP Blacksea Symposium, 1-118-123.
  • Chraibi, E., Arnold, H., Luque, S., Deacon, A., Magurran, A. E. & Féret, J. B. (2021). A remote sensing approach to understanding patterns of secondary succession in tropical forest. Remote Sensing, 13(11), 2148.
  • Clements, F. E. (1936). Nature and structure of climax. Journal of Ecology, 24, 252-284.
  • Cohen, W. B., Spies, T. A., Alig, R. J., Oetter, D. R., Maiersperger, T. K. & Fiorella, M. (2002) Characterizing 23 years (1972–95) of stand replacement disturbance in western Oregon forests with Landsat imagery. Ecosystems, 5,122–137.
  • Dang, H. N., Trung, D. N. (2022). Evaluation of land cover changes and secondary ecological succession of typical agroforestry landscapes in Phu Yen Province. Forest and Society, 6(1), 1-19.
  • Draper, F. C., Baraloto, C., Brodrick, P. G., Phillips, O. L., Martinez, R. V., Honorio Coronado, E. N., Baker, T. R., Zárate Gómez, R., Amasifuen Guerra, C. A., Flores, M., et al. (2019) Imaging spectroscopy predicts variable distance decay across contrasting Amazonian tree communities. Journal of Ecolgy, 107, 696-710.
  • Fernandez, J. B. G., Mora, M. R. G., Novo, F. G. (2004). Vegetation dynamics of Mediterranean shrublands in former cultural landscape at Grazalema Mountains South Spain. Plant Ecology, 172,83-94.
  • Frelechoux, F., Buttler, A., Gillet, F., Gobat, J. M. & Schweingruber, F. H. (2003). Succession form bog pine (Pinus uncinata var. rotundata) to Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands in relation to anthropic factors in Les Saignolis bog Jura Mountains Switzerland. Annals of Forest Science, 60, 347-356.
  • Guariguata, M. R. & Ostertag, R. (2001). Neotropical secondary forest succession: changes in structural and functional characteristics. Forest Ecolgy Management, 148,185-206.
  • Günlü, A., Kadıoğulları, A. İ., Keleş, S. & Başkent, E. Z. (2009). Spatiotemporal changes of landscape pattern in response to deforestation in Northeastern Turkey: A case study in Rize. Environmental Monitor Assessment, 148,127-137.
  • Keleş, S., Sivrikaya, F., Çakır, G., Başkent, E. Z. & Köse, S. (2008). Spatial and temporal changes in forest cover in Turkey’s Artvin Forest 1972-2002. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 17(4), 491-501
  • Kidd, S. A. (2017). Ecosystem recovery in estuarine wetlands of the Columbia river estuary. PhD Thesis, Environmental Sciences and Resources, Portland State University, USA.
  • Kojima, S. (1981). Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification and its practical use in forestry. Journal of College of Liberal Arts, 14(1), 41-75.
  • Kondratyeva, A., Knapp, S., Durka, W., Kühn, I., Vallet, J., Machon, N., Martin, G., Motard, E., Grandcolas, P. & Pavoine, S. (2020). Urbanization effects on biodiversity revealed by a two-scale analysis of species functional uniqueness vs. redundancy. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 73.
  • Luque, S.S. (2000). The challenge to manage the biological integrity of nature reserves: A landscape ecology perspective. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21, 2613–2643.
  • Malinowska, E. & Szumacher, I. (2013). Application of landscape metrics in the evaluation of geodiversity. Miscellanea Geographica, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.2478/v10288-012-0045-y.
  • Manier, D. J. & Laven, R. D. (2002). Changes in landscape patterns associated with the persistence of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains Colorado. Forest Ecology and Management, 167, 263-284.
  • Mumcu-Küçüker, D. & Burak, S. (2021). Determining the spatio-temporal dynamics of land cover along with some socio-economic factors in the Olur planning unit (Turkey). Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(3),1-1.
  • Ochoa-Gaona, S. (2001). Traditional land-use systems and patterns of forest fragmentation in the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. Environmental Management, 27(4), 571-586.
  • Odum, E. P. (1969). The strategy of ecosystem development. Science, 164. 262-270.
  • Osińska-Skotak, K., Radecka, A., Ostrowski, W., Michalska-Hejduk, D., Charyton, J., Bakuła, K. & Piórkowski, H. (2021). The Methodology for identifying secondary succession in non-forest natura 2000 habitats using multi-source airborne remote sensing data. Remote Sensing, 13(14), 2803.
  • Oikonomakis, N. & Ganatsas, P. (2012). Land cover changes and forest succession trends in a site of Natura 2000 network (Elatia forest), in northern Greece. Forest Ecology and Management, 285, 153-163.
  • Özcan, G. E., Karacı, A. & Enez, K. (2022) Application of deep neural networks in modeling the capture of Ips sexdentatus in pheromone trap. Environmental Engineering & Management Journal, 21(1).
  • Peña-Claros, M. (2003). Changes in forest structure and species composition during secondary forest succession in the Bolivian Amazon. Biotropica, 35, 450-461.
  • Rocchini, D., Salvatori, N., Beierkuhnlein, C., Chiarucci, A., de Boissieu, F., Förster, M., Garzon-Lopez, C. X., Gillespie, T. W., Hauffe, H. C., He, K. S., et al. (2021). From local spectral species to global spectral communities: a benchmark for ecosystem diversity estimate by remote sensing. Ecological Informatics, 61,101195.
  • Sivrikaya, F. (2002). Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi Yardımıyla Aynı Yaşlı (Maktalı) Ormanlarda Orman Amenajman Planlarının Düzenlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, K.T.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
  • Sivrikaya, F., Çakır, G., Kadıoğulları, A. İ., Keleş, S., Başkent, E. Z. & Terzioğlu, S. (2007). Evaluating land use/land cover changes and fragmentation in the Camili forest planning unit of northeastern Turkey from 1972 to 2005. Land Degradation & Development, 18(4), 383-396. DOI: 10.1002/ldr.782.
  • Sivrikaya, F. & Yıldırımer, V. (2017). Assessing Spatio-temporal dynamics of growing stock and increment: a case study in Andırın and Trabzon forest district enterprises. International Journal of Global Warming, 11(4), 464-478, https://doi.org/10.1504/ IJGW.2017.083678
  • Sivrikaya, F. & Küçük, Ö. (2022). Modeling forest fire risk based on GIS-based analytical hierarchy process and statistical analysis in Mediterranean region. Ecological Informatics, 68,101537.
  • Song, C., Schroeder, T. A., Cohen, W. B. (2006). Predicting temperate conifer forest successional stage distributions with multitemporal Landsat thematic mapper imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 106, 228-237.
  • Terzioğlu, S., Başkent, E. Z., Sivrikaya, F., Çakır, G., Kadıoğulları, A. İ., Başkaya, Ş. & Keleş, S. (2010). Monitoring forest plant biodiversity changes and developing conservation strategies: a study from Camili biosphere reserve area in NE Turkey. Biologia, 65(5), 843-852. DOI: 10.2478/s11756-010-0091-x.
  • Turner, M. G., Wear, D. N. & Flamm, R. O. (1996). Land ownership and land-cover change in the Southern Appalachian Highlands and the Olympic Peninsula. Ecological Applications, 6,1150-1172.
  • Uotila, A. & Kouki, J. (2005). Understorey vegetation in spruce dominated forests in eastern Finland and Russian Karelia: Successional patterns after anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Forest Ecolgy Management, 215,113-137.
  • Wakeel, A., Rao, K. S., Maikhuri, R. K., Saxena, K. G. (2005). Forest management and land use/cover changes in a typical micro watershed in the mid elevation zone of Central Himalaya, India. Forest Ecology and Management, 213(1-3), 229-242.
  • Wang, R., Gamon, J. A. (2019). Remote sensing of terrestrial plant biodiversity. Remote Sensing Environment, 231,111218.
  • Yilmaz, M., Özcan, G. E., Sivrikaya, F. & Enez, K. (2023). Investigation of some factors affecting habitat selection and nest size of Formica rufa. Forest Ecology and Management, 545, 121244.

Assessing Spatio-Temporal Change and Dynamics of Forest Ecosystem Succession Using Patch Analysis

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 186 - 198, 06.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1394879

Öz

Aim of study: This study focuses on creating a secondary forest succession (SFS) map between 1972 and 2014 according to the Clementsian theory based on land cover, assessing the spatio-temporal pattern of forest succession change, and determining the factors affecting the forest ecosystem.
Area of study: This study was conducted at the Çermik Forest Enterprise (FE) in Diyarbakır city, located in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye.
Material and methods: Clementsian theory, Remote Sensing (RS), and Geographical Information System (GIS) were used to generate the SFS map. Patch Analyst 4.0 was used to determine changes in spatiotemporal patterns with landscape indices.
Main results: The total forested area increased from 32405.1 ha (13% of the study area) in 1972 to 45054.7 ha (18% of the study area) in 2014, with a net increase of 12649.6 ha. It was determined that the progressive succession area was 87736.7 ha, the regressive succession area was 39216.5 ha, and the unchanged succession area was approximately 129989.6 ha. The number of patches increased over a 42-year period.
Research highlights: The forest ecosystem was more fragmented, with patches becoming more irregular, complex, and edgy

Kaynakça

  • Akay, A. E., Doucas, K., Erdaş, O., Oğuz, H. & Sivrikaya, F. (2012). Using GIS Techniques to Determine Fire Protection Zones Considering Forest Road Network. 4th International Symposium FORMEC, 8-12 Ekim 2022, Dubrovnik, Hırvatistan, 7.
  • Akay, A. E., Sivrikaya, F. & Gülci, S. (2014). Analyzing riparian forest cover changes along the Firniz river in the Mediterranean city of Kahramanmaras in Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186 (5), 2741-2747.
  • Anderson, C. B. (2018) Biodiversity monitoring, earth observations and the ecology of scale. Ecol Lett, 21, 1572-1585.
  • Anonymous, (2008). Ecosystem-based functional forest management plans Guide. Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Benitez-Malvido, J. & Arroyo-Rodriguez, V. (2008). Habitat fragmentation, edge effects and biological corridors in tropical ecosystems. In: Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. International Commission on Tropical Biology and Natural Resources. UNESCO, Eolss Publishers, Oxford, UK.
  • Berila, A. & Isufi, F. (2021). Two decades (2000–2020) measuring urban sprawl using GIS, RS and landscape metrics: a case study of municipality of Prishtina (Kosovo). Journal of Ecological Engineering, 22(6).
  • Blatt, S. E., Crowder, A. & Harmsen, R. (2005). Secondary succession in two south-eastern Ontario old-fields. Plant Ecology, 177, 25-41.
  • Bozali, N., Sivrikaya, F. & Akay, A. E. (2015). Use of spatial pattern analysis to assess forest cover changes in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Journal of Forest Research, 20(4),365-374. DOI 10.1007/s10310-015-0493-2.
  • Çakır, G. (2006). Establishing Spatial data base for forest management planning using remote sensing and geographic information system, PhD Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Graduate School Natural Applied Science, Trabzon, Türkiye.
  • Çakır, G., Keles, S., Sivrikaya, F., Baskent, E. Z. & Köse, S. (2006). Determining the effects of different scanner and scanning resolutions on orientation errors in producing of orthophotos, 7th International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, 553-556.
  • Çakır, G., Sivrikaya, F., Terzioglu, S., Keles, S. & Baskent, E. Z. (2007a). Monitoring thirty years of land cover change: Secondary forest succession in the Artvin Forest planning unit of Northeastern Türkiye. Scottish Geographical Journal, 123(3), 209-226.
  • Çakır, G., Sivrikaya, F., Terzioğlu, S., Başkent, E. Z., Sönmez, T. & Yolasığmaz, H. A. (2007b). Mapping secondary forest succession with geographic information systems: a case study from Bulanıkdere, Kırklareli, Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 31(1),71-81.
  • Çakır, G., Sivrikaya, F., Keleş, S. (2008). Forest cover change and fragmentation using Landsat data in Maçka state forest enterprise in Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 137(1-3), 51-66. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-9728-9.
  • Çakır, G. (2019). Determination of land use situation with high resolution digital aerial photographs in Çermik forest planning unit in Diyarbakir. 3rd UNIDOKAP Blacksea Symposium, 1-118-123.
  • Chraibi, E., Arnold, H., Luque, S., Deacon, A., Magurran, A. E. & Féret, J. B. (2021). A remote sensing approach to understanding patterns of secondary succession in tropical forest. Remote Sensing, 13(11), 2148.
  • Clements, F. E. (1936). Nature and structure of climax. Journal of Ecology, 24, 252-284.
  • Cohen, W. B., Spies, T. A., Alig, R. J., Oetter, D. R., Maiersperger, T. K. & Fiorella, M. (2002) Characterizing 23 years (1972–95) of stand replacement disturbance in western Oregon forests with Landsat imagery. Ecosystems, 5,122–137.
  • Dang, H. N., Trung, D. N. (2022). Evaluation of land cover changes and secondary ecological succession of typical agroforestry landscapes in Phu Yen Province. Forest and Society, 6(1), 1-19.
  • Draper, F. C., Baraloto, C., Brodrick, P. G., Phillips, O. L., Martinez, R. V., Honorio Coronado, E. N., Baker, T. R., Zárate Gómez, R., Amasifuen Guerra, C. A., Flores, M., et al. (2019) Imaging spectroscopy predicts variable distance decay across contrasting Amazonian tree communities. Journal of Ecolgy, 107, 696-710.
  • Fernandez, J. B. G., Mora, M. R. G., Novo, F. G. (2004). Vegetation dynamics of Mediterranean shrublands in former cultural landscape at Grazalema Mountains South Spain. Plant Ecology, 172,83-94.
  • Frelechoux, F., Buttler, A., Gillet, F., Gobat, J. M. & Schweingruber, F. H. (2003). Succession form bog pine (Pinus uncinata var. rotundata) to Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands in relation to anthropic factors in Les Saignolis bog Jura Mountains Switzerland. Annals of Forest Science, 60, 347-356.
  • Guariguata, M. R. & Ostertag, R. (2001). Neotropical secondary forest succession: changes in structural and functional characteristics. Forest Ecolgy Management, 148,185-206.
  • Günlü, A., Kadıoğulları, A. İ., Keleş, S. & Başkent, E. Z. (2009). Spatiotemporal changes of landscape pattern in response to deforestation in Northeastern Turkey: A case study in Rize. Environmental Monitor Assessment, 148,127-137.
  • Keleş, S., Sivrikaya, F., Çakır, G., Başkent, E. Z. & Köse, S. (2008). Spatial and temporal changes in forest cover in Turkey’s Artvin Forest 1972-2002. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 17(4), 491-501
  • Kidd, S. A. (2017). Ecosystem recovery in estuarine wetlands of the Columbia river estuary. PhD Thesis, Environmental Sciences and Resources, Portland State University, USA.
  • Kojima, S. (1981). Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification and its practical use in forestry. Journal of College of Liberal Arts, 14(1), 41-75.
  • Kondratyeva, A., Knapp, S., Durka, W., Kühn, I., Vallet, J., Machon, N., Martin, G., Motard, E., Grandcolas, P. & Pavoine, S. (2020). Urbanization effects on biodiversity revealed by a two-scale analysis of species functional uniqueness vs. redundancy. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 73.
  • Luque, S.S. (2000). The challenge to manage the biological integrity of nature reserves: A landscape ecology perspective. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21, 2613–2643.
  • Malinowska, E. & Szumacher, I. (2013). Application of landscape metrics in the evaluation of geodiversity. Miscellanea Geographica, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.2478/v10288-012-0045-y.
  • Manier, D. J. & Laven, R. D. (2002). Changes in landscape patterns associated with the persistence of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains Colorado. Forest Ecology and Management, 167, 263-284.
  • Mumcu-Küçüker, D. & Burak, S. (2021). Determining the spatio-temporal dynamics of land cover along with some socio-economic factors in the Olur planning unit (Turkey). Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(3),1-1.
  • Ochoa-Gaona, S. (2001). Traditional land-use systems and patterns of forest fragmentation in the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. Environmental Management, 27(4), 571-586.
  • Odum, E. P. (1969). The strategy of ecosystem development. Science, 164. 262-270.
  • Osińska-Skotak, K., Radecka, A., Ostrowski, W., Michalska-Hejduk, D., Charyton, J., Bakuła, K. & Piórkowski, H. (2021). The Methodology for identifying secondary succession in non-forest natura 2000 habitats using multi-source airborne remote sensing data. Remote Sensing, 13(14), 2803.
  • Oikonomakis, N. & Ganatsas, P. (2012). Land cover changes and forest succession trends in a site of Natura 2000 network (Elatia forest), in northern Greece. Forest Ecology and Management, 285, 153-163.
  • Özcan, G. E., Karacı, A. & Enez, K. (2022) Application of deep neural networks in modeling the capture of Ips sexdentatus in pheromone trap. Environmental Engineering & Management Journal, 21(1).
  • Peña-Claros, M. (2003). Changes in forest structure and species composition during secondary forest succession in the Bolivian Amazon. Biotropica, 35, 450-461.
  • Rocchini, D., Salvatori, N., Beierkuhnlein, C., Chiarucci, A., de Boissieu, F., Förster, M., Garzon-Lopez, C. X., Gillespie, T. W., Hauffe, H. C., He, K. S., et al. (2021). From local spectral species to global spectral communities: a benchmark for ecosystem diversity estimate by remote sensing. Ecological Informatics, 61,101195.
  • Sivrikaya, F. (2002). Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi Yardımıyla Aynı Yaşlı (Maktalı) Ormanlarda Orman Amenajman Planlarının Düzenlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, K.T.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
  • Sivrikaya, F., Çakır, G., Kadıoğulları, A. İ., Keleş, S., Başkent, E. Z. & Terzioğlu, S. (2007). Evaluating land use/land cover changes and fragmentation in the Camili forest planning unit of northeastern Turkey from 1972 to 2005. Land Degradation & Development, 18(4), 383-396. DOI: 10.1002/ldr.782.
  • Sivrikaya, F. & Yıldırımer, V. (2017). Assessing Spatio-temporal dynamics of growing stock and increment: a case study in Andırın and Trabzon forest district enterprises. International Journal of Global Warming, 11(4), 464-478, https://doi.org/10.1504/ IJGW.2017.083678
  • Sivrikaya, F. & Küçük, Ö. (2022). Modeling forest fire risk based on GIS-based analytical hierarchy process and statistical analysis in Mediterranean region. Ecological Informatics, 68,101537.
  • Song, C., Schroeder, T. A., Cohen, W. B. (2006). Predicting temperate conifer forest successional stage distributions with multitemporal Landsat thematic mapper imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 106, 228-237.
  • Terzioğlu, S., Başkent, E. Z., Sivrikaya, F., Çakır, G., Kadıoğulları, A. İ., Başkaya, Ş. & Keleş, S. (2010). Monitoring forest plant biodiversity changes and developing conservation strategies: a study from Camili biosphere reserve area in NE Turkey. Biologia, 65(5), 843-852. DOI: 10.2478/s11756-010-0091-x.
  • Turner, M. G., Wear, D. N. & Flamm, R. O. (1996). Land ownership and land-cover change in the Southern Appalachian Highlands and the Olympic Peninsula. Ecological Applications, 6,1150-1172.
  • Uotila, A. & Kouki, J. (2005). Understorey vegetation in spruce dominated forests in eastern Finland and Russian Karelia: Successional patterns after anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Forest Ecolgy Management, 215,113-137.
  • Wakeel, A., Rao, K. S., Maikhuri, R. K., Saxena, K. G. (2005). Forest management and land use/cover changes in a typical micro watershed in the mid elevation zone of Central Himalaya, India. Forest Ecology and Management, 213(1-3), 229-242.
  • Wang, R., Gamon, J. A. (2019). Remote sensing of terrestrial plant biodiversity. Remote Sensing Environment, 231,111218.
  • Yilmaz, M., Özcan, G. E., Sivrikaya, F. & Enez, K. (2023). Investigation of some factors affecting habitat selection and nest size of Formica rufa. Forest Ecology and Management, 545, 121244.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ormancılık (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Fatih Sivrikaya

Günay Çakır

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 1 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Sivrikaya, F., & Çakır, G. (2023). Assessing Spatio-Temporal Change and Dynamics of Forest Ecosystem Succession Using Patch Analysis. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 23(3), 186-198. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1394879
AMA Sivrikaya F, Çakır G. Assessing Spatio-Temporal Change and Dynamics of Forest Ecosystem Succession Using Patch Analysis. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. Aralık 2023;23(3):186-198. doi:10.17475/kastorman.1394879
Chicago Sivrikaya, Fatih, ve Günay Çakır. “Assessing Spatio-Temporal Change and Dynamics of Forest Ecosystem Succession Using Patch Analysis”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 23, sy. 3 (Aralık 2023): 186-98. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1394879.
EndNote Sivrikaya F, Çakır G (01 Aralık 2023) Assessing Spatio-Temporal Change and Dynamics of Forest Ecosystem Succession Using Patch Analysis. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 23 3 186–198.
IEEE F. Sivrikaya ve G. Çakır, “Assessing Spatio-Temporal Change and Dynamics of Forest Ecosystem Succession Using Patch Analysis”, Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, c. 23, sy. 3, ss. 186–198, 2023, doi: 10.17475/kastorman.1394879.
ISNAD Sivrikaya, Fatih - Çakır, Günay. “Assessing Spatio-Temporal Change and Dynamics of Forest Ecosystem Succession Using Patch Analysis”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 23/3 (Aralık 2023), 186-198. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1394879.
JAMA Sivrikaya F, Çakır G. Assessing Spatio-Temporal Change and Dynamics of Forest Ecosystem Succession Using Patch Analysis. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2023;23:186–198.
MLA Sivrikaya, Fatih ve Günay Çakır. “Assessing Spatio-Temporal Change and Dynamics of Forest Ecosystem Succession Using Patch Analysis”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, c. 23, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 186-98, doi:10.17475/kastorman.1394879.
Vancouver Sivrikaya F, Çakır G. Assessing Spatio-Temporal Change and Dynamics of Forest Ecosystem Succession Using Patch Analysis. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2023;23(3):186-98.

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