Hindistan Sikkim'de Yanan Alanların Uydu Haritalaması Yoluyla Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 199 - 219, 06.12.2023

Kapila Sharma Gopal Thapa Salghuna Nn

https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1394888

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı: Yangın biyolojik çeşitliliği ve ekosistemleri etkiler ve yangın nedenlerinin anlaşılması açısından çok önemlidir. Bu makalede, Sikkim'in 2004-2019 yılları arasındaki orman yangını vaka verilerindeki yanan alanların ve şiddet seviyelerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Çalışma alanı: Himalaya Dağı'nın Kuzeydoğu bölgesinde yer alan Sikkim eyaletidir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışmada Landsat 8 ve Landsat 5 uydu görüntüleri kullanılmış ve Delta Normalize Yanma Oranı (dNBR) ve Göreceli Yanma Oranı (RBR) gibi standart bitki örtüsü indisleri hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca 2009-2019 arasında Sikkim'de yaşanan orman yangınlarının sıcaklık (°C), rüzgar (Km/h), yağış (mm) gibi hava parametreleri ile yanma şiddeti (dNBR sınıfları) arasında doğrusal regresyon analizi yapılmıştır.
Temel sonuçlar: Bulgulara göre, 2004 ile 2019 yılları arasında Sikkim'de meydana gelen 557 orman yangını olayından 250 tanesi Yanmamış (%46.21), 199 tanesi Bitki Örtüsünün Yeniden Gelmesi, Düşük (%35.72) ve 43 tanesi Bitki Örtüsünün Yeniden Gelmesi, Yüksek (%7.94), 32 tanesi Düşük seviye (%5.92), 9 tanesi Orta-düşük seviye (%1.66), 5 tanesi Orta-yüksek seviye (%0.92) ve 2 tanesi Yüksek seviye (%0.36) olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Rüzgarın (r=0.80, Eğim=0.57, SD=0.70) ve yağışın (r=0.77, Eğim=-0.18, SD=7.00) yanma şiddetini (dNBR) etkilemede sırasıyla güçlü pozitif ve güçlü negatif doğrusal ilişki gösterdiği sıcaklığın ise (r=0.69, Eğim=0.74, SD=0.01) yanma şiddetini etkilemede orta derecede pozitif rol oynadığı belirlenmiştir.
Araştırma vurguları: Çalışma, sınırlı kaynaklar, çeşitli yer şekilleri ve bitki örtüsüne sahip orman yangını bölgelerinin analizinde yanan alan haritalama ve uzaktan algılama veri ürünlerinin etkinliğini göstermiştir. Araştırmacılar, orman yangınlarından etkilenen ve yangından bu yana iyileşmeyen bölgeleri tespit edebilecektir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, yanan bölgelerdeki bitki örtüsü bozulma modelini değerlendirmek ve orman yangınlarının etkisini tahmin etmek için sorumlu makamlara yardım sağlayarak orman yangını planlamasını ve yönetimini iyileştirmektir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orman Yangını, Yanan Alan Haritalama, Sikkim, Vejetasyon İndisleri, Uzaktan Algılama

Assessing Burned Areas in Sikkim, India through Satellite Mapping

Öz

Aim of study: Fire impacts biodiversity and ecosystems, and is crucial for understanding fire causes. This paper aimed to assess burned areas and severity levels in Sikkim's forest fire incidence data from 2004-2019.
Area of the study: The study area for the work is the state of Sikkim, situated in the Himalayan Mountain's North-eastern region.
Material and methods: Landsat 8 and Landsat 5 satellite image were used for the study and Standard vegetation indices like Delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and Relativized Burn Ratio (RBR) are computed. Also, a linear regression analysis was performed between weather parameters like temperature (℃), wind (Km/h), rainfall (mm) on burn severity (dNBR classes) of forest fires in Sikkim between the year 2009-2019.
Main results: According to the findings, out of 557 numbers forest fire incidents in Sikkim between 2004 and 2019, 250 numbers were classified as Unburned (46.21 %), 199 numbers as Enhanced Regrowth, Low (35.72 %), and 43 numbers as Enhanced Regrowth, High (7.94 %), while 32 numbers were classified as Low Severity (5.92 %), 9 numbers as Moderate-Low Severity (1.66 %), 5 numbers as Moderate-High Severity (0.92 %), and 2 numbers as High Severity (0.36 %). It was found that the wind (r=0.80, Slope=0.57, SD=0.70) and rainfall (r=0.77, Slope=-0.18, SD=7.00) showed a strong positive and strong negative linear relationships respectively in influencing the burn severity (dNBR). While, temperature (r=0.69, Slope=0.74, SD=0.01) plays a moderate positive role in influencing the burn severity (dNBR).
Highlights: The study has shown the effectiveness of burn area mapping and remote sensing data products in analyzing forest fire regions with limited resources and diverse landforms and vegetation. Researchers will be able to identify the regions affected by forest fires and those that have not recovered since the fire. Goal of this research is to improve forest fire planning and management by fostering aid to the responsible authorities to evaluate the pattern of vegetation degradation in burn regions and estimate the impact of forest fires

Anahtar Kelimeler

Forest Fire, Burn Area Mapping, Sikkim, Vegetation Indices, Remote Sensing

Kaynakça

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