İstanbul Anadolu Yakası’nda Kent Korularının Kuş Çeşitliliği ve Bolluğuna Katkıları

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 182 - 196, 03.10.2024

Ömer Taha Sözgen , Zeynel Arslangündoğdu , İdris Oğurlu

https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1557428

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı: Bu çalışmayla İstanbul’un Anadolu Yakası’nda yer alan koru alanlarının katkıları sayesinde, genellikle kent merkezinde rastlanmadığı halde, kent içerisinde de görülebilen kuş türlerinin çeşitlilik ve bolluklarına etkisi ortaya koymaya çalışılmıştır. Bu sayede bölgedeki kuş çeşitliliğinin anlaşılmasına ve doğal yaşam alanlarına yönelik gelecekte yapılacak olan koruma ile yönetim stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlanması amaçlamaktadır.
Çalışma alanı: Araştırma, İstanbul’un Anadolu yakasında, Üsküdar ve Beykoz ilçelerinde; bir kent merkezi, üç kent korusu (Fethipaşa, Hidiv, Beykoz Abrahampaşa) ve İstanbul'un kuzey ormanlarındaki bir doğal alan olmak üzere beş farklı alanda gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Materyal ve yöntem: 2022 Nisan - 2023 Mart arasındaki 12 ay düzenli olarak yapılan toplam 900 nokta sayımı ile kuş türleri ve bollukları elde edilmiştir. Alanlardaki kuş türü zenginlik ve çeşitlilikleri belirlenmiş, bolluk derecesi dağılımı ve eğrileri ile türlerin alanlardaki dağılımı ve düzenlilikleri tespit edilmiş, benzerlik analizi kümeleme metoduyla gösterilmiş ve Venn şemasıyla alanlardaki kuş türleri karşılaştırılmıştır.
Temel sonuçlar: Alanları kullanan 72 kuş türü, alanlardaki bolluk değerleri ve statüleriyle birlikte tablo halinde verilmiştir. Kentleşme yoğunluğunun azalmasının, kuş türü zenginliğini, çeşitliliğini ve düzenliliğini artırdığı belirlenmiş, doğal alanın en yüksek değerlere sahip olduğu kaydedilmiştir. Kent korularının kentleşmiş alanlar içerisinde görülemeyen türleri barındırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Türlerin hangi alanlarda ortak olarak bulunduğu ve alanların kuş türü çeşitliği bakımından birbirlerine göre farkları ortaya koyulmuştur.
Araştırma vurguları: Korular, metropollerde yaban hayatı için yüksek öneme sahip, hem ekolojik hem de sosyokültürel açıdan mühim alanlardır. Doğal alanlar kadar çeşitlilik sunmasalar bile kent içerisindeki kuş çeşitliliği ve zenginliğine büyük bir katkı sağlarlar. Her korunun kendi karakteristikleri olduğu, kuş türleri ve çeşitlilik değerlerindeki farklardan anlaşılmaktadır; alanlarda daha fazla araştırma yaparak bu durumun daha belirgin hale getirilebileceği, kent ekosistemine olan katkılarının daha iyi anlaşılacağı görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kent Yaban Hayatı, Metropol Kuş Çeşitliliği, Kent Ekolojisi, Kuş Ekolojisi, Bolluk Derecesi Eğrileri

Contributions of Urban Woodlands to Bird Diversity and Abundance in The Anatolian Side of Istanbul

Öz

Aim of study: The study aimed to assess the impact of urban woodlands on bird species diversity and abundance in the Anatolian side of Istanbul, focusing on species typically absent from urban centers but found within urban environments. The findings are intended to contribute to the development of future conservation and habitat management strategies.
Area of study: The study was conducted in five areas in Üsküdar and Beykoz, including an urban center, three urban woodlands (Fethipaşa, Hidiv, and Beykoz Abrahampaşa) and a natural area in Istanbul's northern region.
Material and methods: Data on bird species and their abundances were collected and tabulated through 900 point counts from April 2022 to March 2023. The data was analyzed using abundance values, species richness and diversity, identifying distribution and evenness through rank abundance distribution and curves. Similarity analysis was performed using the clustering method and species composition was compared using a Venn diagram.
Main results: Seventy-two bird species were identified across the study areas. A decrease in urbanization density enhances bird species richness, diversity and evenness, with the natural area recording the highest values. Urban woodlands harbor species absent from more urbanized locations. Distinctions in species distribution and bird diversity between the areas were revealed.
Research highlights: Urban woodlands are crucial areas for wildlife in metropolises, providing significance from both ecological and sociocultural perspectives. Although they may not match natural areas in species diversity, these woodlands significantly contribute to bird diversity within the urban environments. Further research is needed to explore the unique characteristics of each woodland and their contributions to urban ecosystems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Urban Wildlife, Metropolitan Bird Diversity, Urban Ecology, Bird Ecology, Rank Abundance Curves

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