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Türkiye Doğal Ormanlarında Artım ve Üretim İlişkisinin Tür Kompozisyonu Değişimine Etkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 220 - 231, 24.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1599907

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı: Ormanlardaki tür kompozisyonu değişimi hem doğal süreçlerden hem de insan kaynaklı faktörlerden ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye ormanlarının yıllık artım ve üretimi arasındaki dengenin tür kompozisyonu değişimine etkisini incelemektir.
Çalışma alanı: Çalışma alanı son 10 yılda doğal tür kompozisyonu dengesi değişen Türkiye'dir.
Materyal ve yöntem: Bu çalışmada kullanılan metodoloji, birden fazla güvenilir kaynaktan kapsamlı verilerin toplanmasını ve analizini içermektedir. İstatistiksel bilgiler, Türkiye Orman Genel Müdürlüğü (OGM) istatistiklerinden sistematik olarak derlenmiştir.
Temel sonuçlar: Analizimiz, Fagus ve Pinus türlerinin en hızlı artan kereste üretim oranına sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca iğne yapraklı türlerin yerini yapraklı türler almaktadır. Bu durum ekonomik nedenlerden dolayı farklı türlere geçiş endişelerini ortaya koymakta ve mevcut tür kompozisyonunun bozulmasına ilişkin endişeleri artırmaktadır.
Araştırma vurguları: Odun hammaddesine olan aşırı talep ve üretim politikaları, tür kompozisyonunun değişmesi üzerinde etkilidir. Bulgular, Türkiye'nin orman alanının yüzde 91.3'ünü oluşturan en yaygın 6 türden 3'ünde azalma olduğunu gösteriyor.

References

  • Akkaya, M., Ok, K., Koç, M., Akseki, İ., and Akkas, M. E. (2020). Sectoral use of imported wood raw material in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 21(3), 279-293. Akkemik, U., and Kavgaci, (2022). Çölleşme ve biyolojik çeşitlilik kaybı. Türkiye Ormancılığı 2022, Türkiye’de ormansızlaşma ve ormanların bozulması. 91-106. Aktürk, E. & Güney, K. (2021). Vegetation Cover Change Analysis of Phytogeographic Regions of Turkey Based on CORINE Land Cover Datasets from 1990 to 2018. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 21(2), 150-164.
  • Atmis, E. (2021). Proceedings Book of 3rd International Congress on Agricultural and Food Ethics. The real dimensions of deforestation in Turkey. 58-63.
  • Atmis, E., Erdonmez, C., and Ozkazanc, N. K. (2022). Türkiye Ormancılığı 2022, Türkiye’de ormansızlaşma ve ormanların bozulması. Türkiyede ormansızlaşma, 37-50.
  • Atmiş, E., and Günşen, H. B. (2018). Comparative Analysis of forestry policy and implementation during the AK Party Period in Turkey. International Forestry Review, 20(4), 405-419.
  • Baskent, E. Z. (2022). Reflections of stakeholders on the forest resources governance with power analysis in Turkey. Land Use Policy, 115, 106035.
  • Baştürk, M. (1996). Boylu ardıç, (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.) odununun yongalevha üretimine uygunluğu üzerine araştırmalar. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 43(2), 155-168.
  • Bilir, N. (2017). General over-view of forest establishment in Turkey. Reforesta. 48-52.
  • Boncina, A., Gaspersic, F., and Diaci, J. (2003). Long-term changes in tree species composition in the Dinaric mountain forests of Slovenia. The Forestry Chronicle. 79(2), 227-232.
  • Dagley, C. M., Berrill, J. P., and Fraver, S. (2023). Forest restoration mitigates drought vulnerability of coast Douglas-fir in a Mediterranean climate. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 53(3), 210-216.
  • Durak, T., and Durak, R. (2015). Vegetation changes in meso-and eutrophic submontane oak–hornbeam forests under long-term high forest management. Forest Ecology and Management, 354, 206-214.
  • Esen, D., and Yıldız, O. (2017). Forest restoration in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Sustainable restoration of Mediterranean forests Analysis and perspective within the context of bio-based economy development under global changes International Congress, Book of abstracts.
  • FAO. (2020). Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020: Main report. Rome.
  • GDF. (2022). Official statistics of General Directorate of Forestry of Turkey.
  • Goins, S. M., Chapman, J. I., and McEwan, R. W. (2013). Composition shifts, disturbance, and canopy-accession strategy in an oldgrowth forest of Southwestern Ohio, USA. Natural areas journal, 33(4), 384-394.
  • Günşen, H. B., and Atmış, E. (2019). Analysis of forest change and deforestation in Turkey. International Forestry Review, 21(2), 182-194.
  • Heilman, P.E. (1999). Planted forests: poplars. In: Boyle, J.R., Winjum, J.K., Kavanagh, K., Jensen, E.C. (eds) Planted Forests: Contributions to the Quest for Sustainable Societies. Forestry Sciences, vol 56. Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Hester, A. J., Britton, A. J., Hewison, R. L., Ross, L. C., and Potts, J. M. (2019). Long-term vegetation change in Scotland's native forests. Biological Conservation, 235, 136-146.
  • İnan, M. (2009). Uzaktan algılama verileri ve orman meşcerelerine ait dendrometrik elemanlar arasındaki spektral ilişkiler. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(3), 21-33.
  • Kaya, Z., and Raynal, D. J. (2001). Biodiversity and conservation of Turkish forests. Biological conservation, 97(2), 131-141.
  • Keleş, S., Durusoy, I., and Çakır, G. (2017). Analysis of the changes in forest ecosystem functions, structure and composition in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Journal of Forestry Research, 28, 329-342.
  • Kömürlü, M., (2020). Orman Amenajman Planları, Uygulamalar ve Orman Varlığımız - Mustafa Kömürlü. Türkiye Ormancılar Derneği’nin 95. Kuruluş Yıldönümünde: Orman Varlığımız ve Ormancılık Üretim Faaliyetleri. Türkiye Ormancılar Derneği Yayın No: 51. ISBN: 978-975-93478-8-8. Sayfa; 31. Ankara, 2020.
  • Komurlu, M., Atmis, E., Alan, M. and Ondaral, S. (2022). Aşırı odun üretimi. Türkiye Ormancılığı 2022, Türkiye’de ormansızlaşma ve ormanların bozulması. pp.53-76
  • Lefsky, M. A., Hudak, A. T., Cohen, W. B. and Acker, S. A. (2005). Patterns of covariance between forest stand and canopy structure in the Pacific Northwest. Remote Sensing of Environment, 95(4), 517-531.
  • Levers, C., Verkerk, P. J., Müller, D., Verburg, P. H., Butsic, V., Leitão, P. J., Lindner, and M., Kuemmerle, T. (2014). Drivers of forest harvesting intensity patterns in Europe. Forest ecology and management, 315, 160-172.
  • Miller Rosen, A. (1997). The geoarchaeology of Holocene environments and land use at Kazane Höyük, SE Turkey. Geoarchaeology: An International Journal, 12(4), 395-416.
  • Nash, S., Morgan, K. E., Frost, C., and Mulick, A. (2021). Power and sample-size calculations for trials that compare slopes over time: Introducing the slopepower command. The Stata Journal, 21(3), 575-601.
  • Ogur, E., and Ocakverdi, H. (2022). Plant Sociology and Ecology of the Area Between Yayladağı, Kışlak (Hatay) and the Syrian Border. ANADOLU Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 32(1), 7-27.
  • Oruç, S. (2012). Hatay (Dörtyol) yöresinde doğal olarak yetişen saplı meşe (Quercus robur L.) odununun bazı teknolojik özellikleri ve kullanım alanları üzerine araştırmalar (Master's thesis, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Ozertan, G., and Cosgun, A. (2021). Masif ahşap sektörü raporu. Ahşap kullanımının artırılması için massif ahşap sektörü raporu.
  • Pamay, B. (1980). Türkiye ormancılığının ana sorunları. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 30(2), 68-92.
  • Sahin, İ. F., Sever, R., Koca, H., Kayserili, A., & Altas, N. T. (2009). Turkey Forest with Respect to Sustainability. In International Symposium on Sustainable Development (pp. 191-194).
  • Santopuoli, G., Temperli, C., Alberdi, I., Barbeito, I., Bosela, M., Bottero, A. Klopčič, M., Lesinski, J, Panzacchi, P, and Tognetti, R. (2021). Pan-European sustainable forest management indicators for assessing Climate-Smart Forestry in Europe. Canadian journal of forest research, 51(12), 1741-1750.
  • Saribas, M. (1985). Yamaç arazilerde kavakçılık. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 35(2), 115-120.
  • Smaill, S. J., Bayne, K. M., Coker, G. W., Paul, T. S. and Clinton, P. W. (2014). The right tree for the job? Perceptions of species suitability for the provision of ecosystem services. Environmental Management, 53, 783-799.
  • Steinman, James R. (1999). Changes in Composition of the Mixed Mesophytic Forest: Effects of Succession and Disturbance.
  • Sun, X. and Zhang, D. (2020). A theoretical and empirical analysis of joint forest production: Timber supply and amenity services. Forest Policy and Economics, 115, 102132.
  • Uslu, S. (1973). Türkiye'de orman tahribatı ve doğurduğu problemler. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 40-47.
  • Van der Sande, M. T., Arets, E. J., Peña‐Claros, M., de Avila, A. L., Roopsind, A., Mazzei, L., et al. (2016). Old‐growth Neotropical forests are shifting in species and trait composition. Ecological Monographs, 86(2), 228-243.
  • Yip, V. (2018). Species Diversity and Preferred Attributes of Trees: A Case Study of the Private Urban Forest in the Greater Toronto Area. A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
  • Yolasigmaz, H.A. (2013). Forestry in Turkey from the Forest Management Perspective. International Caucasian Forestry Symposium
  • Zengin, H., Yeşil, A., Asan, Ü., Bettinger, P., Cieszewski, C. and Siry, J. P. (2013). Evolution of modern forest management planning in the Republic of Turkey. Journal of Forestry, 111(4), 239-248.

The Impact of the Increment and Production Relationship on the Species Composition Change in Türkiye's Natural Forests

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 220 - 231, 24.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1599907

Abstract

Aim of study: Forest species composition changes might be caused by both natural processes and human-related factors. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the balance between annual increment and production of Türkiye's forests on species composition change.
Area of study: The study area is Türkiye that experienced a change of the balance of natural species composition in the last 10 years.
Material and method: The methodology employed in this study involved the collection and analysis of comprehensive data from multiple reliable sources. Statistical information was systematically gathered from Statistics of the General Directorate of Forestry of Türkiye (GDF).
Main results: Our analysis shows that Fagus and Pinus species have the fastest increasing timber production rate. Additionally, coniferous species are being replaced by non-coniferous species. This situation shows the concerns about transition to different types due to economic reasons and it raises concerns about the disruption of the current species composition.
Research highlights: The excessive demand for wood raw materials and production policies have an impact on the species composition change. Findings show a decrease in 3 of the 6 most widespread species in Türkiye's forests, which consist of 91.3% of the country’s forest area.

References

  • Akkaya, M., Ok, K., Koç, M., Akseki, İ., and Akkas, M. E. (2020). Sectoral use of imported wood raw material in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 21(3), 279-293. Akkemik, U., and Kavgaci, (2022). Çölleşme ve biyolojik çeşitlilik kaybı. Türkiye Ormancılığı 2022, Türkiye’de ormansızlaşma ve ormanların bozulması. 91-106. Aktürk, E. & Güney, K. (2021). Vegetation Cover Change Analysis of Phytogeographic Regions of Turkey Based on CORINE Land Cover Datasets from 1990 to 2018. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 21(2), 150-164.
  • Atmis, E. (2021). Proceedings Book of 3rd International Congress on Agricultural and Food Ethics. The real dimensions of deforestation in Turkey. 58-63.
  • Atmis, E., Erdonmez, C., and Ozkazanc, N. K. (2022). Türkiye Ormancılığı 2022, Türkiye’de ormansızlaşma ve ormanların bozulması. Türkiyede ormansızlaşma, 37-50.
  • Atmiş, E., and Günşen, H. B. (2018). Comparative Analysis of forestry policy and implementation during the AK Party Period in Turkey. International Forestry Review, 20(4), 405-419.
  • Baskent, E. Z. (2022). Reflections of stakeholders on the forest resources governance with power analysis in Turkey. Land Use Policy, 115, 106035.
  • Baştürk, M. (1996). Boylu ardıç, (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.) odununun yongalevha üretimine uygunluğu üzerine araştırmalar. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 43(2), 155-168.
  • Bilir, N. (2017). General over-view of forest establishment in Turkey. Reforesta. 48-52.
  • Boncina, A., Gaspersic, F., and Diaci, J. (2003). Long-term changes in tree species composition in the Dinaric mountain forests of Slovenia. The Forestry Chronicle. 79(2), 227-232.
  • Dagley, C. M., Berrill, J. P., and Fraver, S. (2023). Forest restoration mitigates drought vulnerability of coast Douglas-fir in a Mediterranean climate. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 53(3), 210-216.
  • Durak, T., and Durak, R. (2015). Vegetation changes in meso-and eutrophic submontane oak–hornbeam forests under long-term high forest management. Forest Ecology and Management, 354, 206-214.
  • Esen, D., and Yıldız, O. (2017). Forest restoration in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Sustainable restoration of Mediterranean forests Analysis and perspective within the context of bio-based economy development under global changes International Congress, Book of abstracts.
  • FAO. (2020). Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020: Main report. Rome.
  • GDF. (2022). Official statistics of General Directorate of Forestry of Turkey.
  • Goins, S. M., Chapman, J. I., and McEwan, R. W. (2013). Composition shifts, disturbance, and canopy-accession strategy in an oldgrowth forest of Southwestern Ohio, USA. Natural areas journal, 33(4), 384-394.
  • Günşen, H. B., and Atmış, E. (2019). Analysis of forest change and deforestation in Turkey. International Forestry Review, 21(2), 182-194.
  • Heilman, P.E. (1999). Planted forests: poplars. In: Boyle, J.R., Winjum, J.K., Kavanagh, K., Jensen, E.C. (eds) Planted Forests: Contributions to the Quest for Sustainable Societies. Forestry Sciences, vol 56. Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Hester, A. J., Britton, A. J., Hewison, R. L., Ross, L. C., and Potts, J. M. (2019). Long-term vegetation change in Scotland's native forests. Biological Conservation, 235, 136-146.
  • İnan, M. (2009). Uzaktan algılama verileri ve orman meşcerelerine ait dendrometrik elemanlar arasındaki spektral ilişkiler. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(3), 21-33.
  • Kaya, Z., and Raynal, D. J. (2001). Biodiversity and conservation of Turkish forests. Biological conservation, 97(2), 131-141.
  • Keleş, S., Durusoy, I., and Çakır, G. (2017). Analysis of the changes in forest ecosystem functions, structure and composition in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Journal of Forestry Research, 28, 329-342.
  • Kömürlü, M., (2020). Orman Amenajman Planları, Uygulamalar ve Orman Varlığımız - Mustafa Kömürlü. Türkiye Ormancılar Derneği’nin 95. Kuruluş Yıldönümünde: Orman Varlığımız ve Ormancılık Üretim Faaliyetleri. Türkiye Ormancılar Derneği Yayın No: 51. ISBN: 978-975-93478-8-8. Sayfa; 31. Ankara, 2020.
  • Komurlu, M., Atmis, E., Alan, M. and Ondaral, S. (2022). Aşırı odun üretimi. Türkiye Ormancılığı 2022, Türkiye’de ormansızlaşma ve ormanların bozulması. pp.53-76
  • Lefsky, M. A., Hudak, A. T., Cohen, W. B. and Acker, S. A. (2005). Patterns of covariance between forest stand and canopy structure in the Pacific Northwest. Remote Sensing of Environment, 95(4), 517-531.
  • Levers, C., Verkerk, P. J., Müller, D., Verburg, P. H., Butsic, V., Leitão, P. J., Lindner, and M., Kuemmerle, T. (2014). Drivers of forest harvesting intensity patterns in Europe. Forest ecology and management, 315, 160-172.
  • Miller Rosen, A. (1997). The geoarchaeology of Holocene environments and land use at Kazane Höyük, SE Turkey. Geoarchaeology: An International Journal, 12(4), 395-416.
  • Nash, S., Morgan, K. E., Frost, C., and Mulick, A. (2021). Power and sample-size calculations for trials that compare slopes over time: Introducing the slopepower command. The Stata Journal, 21(3), 575-601.
  • Ogur, E., and Ocakverdi, H. (2022). Plant Sociology and Ecology of the Area Between Yayladağı, Kışlak (Hatay) and the Syrian Border. ANADOLU Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 32(1), 7-27.
  • Oruç, S. (2012). Hatay (Dörtyol) yöresinde doğal olarak yetişen saplı meşe (Quercus robur L.) odununun bazı teknolojik özellikleri ve kullanım alanları üzerine araştırmalar (Master's thesis, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Ozertan, G., and Cosgun, A. (2021). Masif ahşap sektörü raporu. Ahşap kullanımının artırılması için massif ahşap sektörü raporu.
  • Pamay, B. (1980). Türkiye ormancılığının ana sorunları. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 30(2), 68-92.
  • Sahin, İ. F., Sever, R., Koca, H., Kayserili, A., & Altas, N. T. (2009). Turkey Forest with Respect to Sustainability. In International Symposium on Sustainable Development (pp. 191-194).
  • Santopuoli, G., Temperli, C., Alberdi, I., Barbeito, I., Bosela, M., Bottero, A. Klopčič, M., Lesinski, J, Panzacchi, P, and Tognetti, R. (2021). Pan-European sustainable forest management indicators for assessing Climate-Smart Forestry in Europe. Canadian journal of forest research, 51(12), 1741-1750.
  • Saribas, M. (1985). Yamaç arazilerde kavakçılık. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 35(2), 115-120.
  • Smaill, S. J., Bayne, K. M., Coker, G. W., Paul, T. S. and Clinton, P. W. (2014). The right tree for the job? Perceptions of species suitability for the provision of ecosystem services. Environmental Management, 53, 783-799.
  • Steinman, James R. (1999). Changes in Composition of the Mixed Mesophytic Forest: Effects of Succession and Disturbance.
  • Sun, X. and Zhang, D. (2020). A theoretical and empirical analysis of joint forest production: Timber supply and amenity services. Forest Policy and Economics, 115, 102132.
  • Uslu, S. (1973). Türkiye'de orman tahribatı ve doğurduğu problemler. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 40-47.
  • Van der Sande, M. T., Arets, E. J., Peña‐Claros, M., de Avila, A. L., Roopsind, A., Mazzei, L., et al. (2016). Old‐growth Neotropical forests are shifting in species and trait composition. Ecological Monographs, 86(2), 228-243.
  • Yip, V. (2018). Species Diversity and Preferred Attributes of Trees: A Case Study of the Private Urban Forest in the Greater Toronto Area. A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
  • Yolasigmaz, H.A. (2013). Forestry in Turkey from the Forest Management Perspective. International Caucasian Forestry Symposium
  • Zengin, H., Yeşil, A., Asan, Ü., Bettinger, P., Cieszewski, C. and Siry, J. P. (2013). Evolution of modern forest management planning in the Republic of Turkey. Journal of Forestry, 111(4), 239-248.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Forestry Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hüseyin Çalışkan

Sezgin Özden

Early Pub Date December 14, 2024
Publication Date December 24, 2024
Submission Date October 24, 2023
Acceptance Date June 14, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 24 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Çalışkan, H., & Özden, S. (2024). The Impact of the Increment and Production Relationship on the Species Composition Change in Türkiye’s Natural Forests. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 24(3), 220-231. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1599907
AMA Çalışkan H, Özden S. The Impact of the Increment and Production Relationship on the Species Composition Change in Türkiye’s Natural Forests. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. December 2024;24(3):220-231. doi:10.17475/kastorman.1599907
Chicago Çalışkan, Hüseyin, and Sezgin Özden. “The Impact of the Increment and Production Relationship on the Species Composition Change in Türkiye’s Natural Forests”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 24, no. 3 (December 2024): 220-31. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1599907.
EndNote Çalışkan H, Özden S (December 1, 2024) The Impact of the Increment and Production Relationship on the Species Composition Change in Türkiye’s Natural Forests. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 24 3 220–231.
IEEE H. Çalışkan and S. Özden, “The Impact of the Increment and Production Relationship on the Species Composition Change in Türkiye’s Natural Forests”, Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 220–231, 2024, doi: 10.17475/kastorman.1599907.
ISNAD Çalışkan, Hüseyin - Özden, Sezgin. “The Impact of the Increment and Production Relationship on the Species Composition Change in Türkiye’s Natural Forests”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 24/3 (December 2024), 220-231. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1599907.
JAMA Çalışkan H, Özden S. The Impact of the Increment and Production Relationship on the Species Composition Change in Türkiye’s Natural Forests. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2024;24:220–231.
MLA Çalışkan, Hüseyin and Sezgin Özden. “The Impact of the Increment and Production Relationship on the Species Composition Change in Türkiye’s Natural Forests”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, vol. 24, no. 3, 2024, pp. 220-31, doi:10.17475/kastorman.1599907.
Vancouver Çalışkan H, Özden S. The Impact of the Increment and Production Relationship on the Species Composition Change in Türkiye’s Natural Forests. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2024;24(3):220-31.

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