TURİZM SEKTÖRÜNDE HAYVAN ODAKLI FAALİYETLERİN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR TURİZM İLKELERİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 73 - 96, 30.01.2024

Sema Erdal

Öz

Turistik faaliyetlerin sanayileşme ile birlikte sektör haline gelmesi ve yarattığı ekonominin ülkelere olan katkısı, turizmin çeşitlendirilmesini teşvik eden itici bir güçtür. Kapitalist anlayışın tüketim temelli yansımalarının en net görülebildiği sektörlerden biri olan turizm sektöründe hayvanların gözlem, gösteri veya av amaçlı kullanımı oldukça yaygındır. Turizm sektörü, kaynakların sınırsızca tüketimine hem kitlesel turizm hem de doğal turizm yolu ile katılan sektörlerden biridir. Ayrıca ekolojik denge, sınırlı kaynaklar ve karbon emisyonları gibi sorunlarla birlikte “sürdürülebilirlik” kavramı turizm sektörü için önemli ve kaçınılmaz bir kavramdır. Turizmin sürdürülebilirliği bağlamında literatür incelendiğinde kaynakların
kullanımının sürekliliği için insan odaklı ve faydacı yaklaşımlarla yapılan araştırmaların flora veya fauna üzerine yapılan araştırmalardan daha fazla olduğu görülmektedir. Hayvanların turistik faaliyetlerde kullanılması ve bu kullanımın ekolojik, etik, hayvan refahı ve hakları açısından sürdürülebilirliği konusunda az sayıda çalışmanın olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Günümüzde pek çok çevresel, kültürel veya doğal unsurun turistik deneyimlerde neredeyse sınırsız olarak kullanılması pek çok etik tartışmayı da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu çalışma, “Sürdürülebilirlik İlkeleri” kapsamında “Hayvan Odaklı Turizm” faaliyetlerini değerlendirmeyi ve bu doğrultuda etik ve sürdürülebilir önerilerde bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Günümüzde tüketim odaklı sistemin gerçeklerini dışlamak mümkün olmasa da turizmde kullanılan hayvanlarla ilgili sürdürülebilir ve etik kurallar konusunda bilimsel çalışmaların yapılması büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

turizm, etik, sürdürülebilirlik, hayvan hakları, hayvan kullanımı

Evaluation of Animal Focused Activities in the Tourism Sector Within the Framework of Sustainable Tourism Principles

Öz

The fact that touristic activities become a sector with industrialization and the contribution of the economy it creates to countries is a driving force that encourages the diversification of tourism. In the tourism sector, which is one of the sectors where the consumption-based reflections of the capitalist understanding can be seen most clearly, sees the use of animals for observation, demonstration or hunting is quite common. The tourism sector is one of the sectors that participates in the unlimited consumption of resources through both mass tourism and natural tourism. The tourism sector is one of the sectors where the concept of “sustainability” is on the agenda, along with the problems such as the emerging ecological balance, limited resources and carbon emissions. When the literature is examined in the context of the sustainability of tourism, it is seen that the researche conducted with human oriented and utilitarian approaches for the continuity resource use is more abundant than researche on the flora or fauna. It has been observed that there are few studies on the use of animals in touristic activities and the sustainability of this use in terms of ecological, ethical, animal welfare, and rights. Today, many environmental, cultural, or natural elements are used almost unlimitedly in tourist experiences, which brings with it many ethical discussions. This study aims to evaluate “Animal-Focused Tourism” activities within the scope of “Sustainability Principles” and to make ethical and sustainable propositions accordingly. Although it is not possible to exclude the realities of the consumption-oriented system today, it is of great importance to conduct scientific studies on sustainable and ethical rules about animals used in tourism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tourism, Ethics, Sustainability, Animal Rights, Animal Usage

Kaynakça

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