TALMUD’UN PARA ve FAİZ AÇISINDAN YORUMU

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 13, 363 - 395, 15.06.2016

Kürşat Haldun Akalın

Öz

Birinci asırda başlayıp yaklaşık
dördüncü asra kadar süren Talmud dönemi boyunca rabbinik yorumlama ekonomi sahasında
özellikle de faizli borç ilişkilerinde tesirli olmuştur. İsraillilerin avak
rabbit olarak nitelendirdikleri faiz payı, belirsiz şekilde de olsa,
alacaklının kâr etmesine izin verilmesinden başkaca bir anlama gelmemektedir.
Rabbilere göre, bir buşel buğday borç alan kimse aradan ne kadar uzun zaman
geçerse geçsin yine bir buşel buğdayı geri vermekle vahiysel yasağa boyun
eğilmesi gerekmektedir. Fakat aynı miktardaki buğday pazarda parayla satın
alınacak olsa ödemeyle ilgili aradan geçecek süre sonrasında iki buşel buğday
bedeli ödenebilir. Talmudik dönem sonrasında bütün museviler, şayet borçlu
aldığı bu paradan kazanç sağlamış ve ödeyeceği miktardan çok daha fazla para
kazanmışsa, ödemeye yükümlü kılındığı miktardan daha fazlasını borçlunun ödemeye
mecbur olduğuna inanmışlardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tefecilik, Ticaret, Talmud, Tanah

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