COMPANIES WITH VISIONARY LEADERS POSITIONED FOR FUTURISTIC TECHNOLOGY: SIX CASE STUDIES OF BENCHMARKS FOR SURVIVAL

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 25, 267 - 299, 29.06.2022

David Steven Aleong Gözde Türktarhan

https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2022.012

Öz

This paper is an attempt at unraveling some of the enduring characteristics that have catapulted six successful businesses to the orbits they have reached. Case studies outlining the vision, strategies, and implementation policies are useful because they provide a roadmap for others to follow. This paper will explore how they actualized their mission from their inception and over the last year during the Covid crisis. The case studies are as follows: Alfapac AB, Zoom, Amazon, Alibaba, Tencent, and Netflix. The research shows that the companies selected used the contravening forces to pivot back to their original organizational vision, mission and core values.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Leadership, Technology, Revenue, Covid-19, Amazon, Netflix, Zoom

Destekleyen Kurum

-

Proje Numarası

-

Teşekkür

-

COMPANIES WITH VISIONARY LEADERS POSITIONED FOR FUTURISTIC TECHNOLOGY: SIX CASE STUDIES OF BENCHMARKS FOR SURVIVAL

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı, altı başarılı işletmeyi bulundukları konuma getiren özelliklerden bazılarını ortaya koymaktır. Vizyonu, stratejileri ve uygulama politikalarını ana hatlarıyla belirten vaka çalışmaları, diğerlerinin izlemesi için bir yol haritası sağladıkları için faydalıdır. Bu makale, başlangıçtan itibaren ve geçen yıl boyunca Covid krizi sırasında bu işletmelerin ve liderlerinin misyonlarını nasıl gerçekleştirdiklerini inceleyecektir. Örnek olay incelemeleri Alfapac AB, Zoom, Amazon, Alibaba, Tencent ve Netflix şirketlerine aittir. Araştırma, seçilen şirketlerin orijinal kurumsal vizyonlarına, misyonlarına ve temel değerlerine geri dönmek için karşıt güçleri kullandığını gösteriyor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Liderlik, gelir, Covid-19, Amazon, Zoom, teknoloji, Netflix

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

• Adner R., & Kapoor R. (2010). Value creation in investment ecosystems: how the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations. Strategic Management Journal, 31(1), 306-333.
• Ayoup, H. (2018). The Application of Strategy Map in the balanced scorecard implementation: A case of a public organization. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(8), 725-737.
• Baker, S. R., Farrokhnia, R. A., Meyer, S., Pagel, M., & Yannelis, C. (2020). How does household spending respond to an epidemic? Consumption during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, 10(4), 834-862.
• Ball, M. (2018). Netflix is a product & technology company (Netflix Misunderstandings, Pt. 2). Retrieved from https://redef.com/original/netflix-misunderstandings-pt-2-netflix-is-a-product-technology-company (2022, 26 May).
• Belhadjali, M., & Abbasi, S. (2020). COVID-19: The role of leadership in response to disruption. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 8(8), 362-365.
• Birkinshaw, J., Diego, E., & Ke, D. (2018). Seven lessons from Tencent’s Pony Ma. Retrieved from https://www.london.edu/think/seven-lessons-from-tencents-pony-ma (2022, 20 June)
• Bonchek, M., & Libert, B. (2017). To change your strategy, first change how you think. Harvard Business Review, May (2-5), 3-8.
• Chakraborty, S., Schiro, K. A., Fu, R., & Neelin, J. D. (2018). On the role of aerosols, humidity, and vertical wind shear in the transition of shallow-to-deep convection at the Green Ocean Amazon 2014/5 site. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18(15), 135-148.
• Cheng, Y., Anwar, A., & Duan, X. (2018, December). Analyzing alibaba’s co-located datacenter workloads. IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data) (pp. 292-297). IEEE.
• Cheng, Y., Funkhouser, C., Raabe, T., & Cross, R. (2022). Examining organization‐public relationships in crises: A thematic meta‐analysis of updated literature from 1997 to 2019. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 30(2), 148-160.
• Chong, A. Y. L., Lim, E. T., Hua, X., Zheng, S., & Tan, C. W. (2019). Business on chain: A comparative case study of five blockchain-inspired business models. Journal of The Association for Information Systems, 20(9), 9-17.
• Choudhury, S. R. (2017). How Jack Ma’s foresight helped Alibaba become an e-commerce giant. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/12/alibaba-jack-ma-says-if-change-is-coming-its-best-to-prepare-early-brave-ones.html (2022, 09 January)
• Companies History. (2018). Tencent holdings ltd. history, profile and history video. Retrieved from https://www.companieshistory.com/tencent-holdings/ (2022, 23 December)
• Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. The Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532-550.
• Entrepreneur. (2008, October 10). Jeff Bezos: The king of e-commerce. Retrieved from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/197608#:~:text=Bezos%20realized%20that%20while%20even,could%20offer%20millions%20of%20titles (2022, 03 April)
• Farooq, S., Ahmed, S. S., Makhdoomi, M. O. A., & Akhtar, S. (2021). Performance evaluation in crises: An organizational perspective. International Journal of Management (IJM), 12(2), 24-38.
• Fernandes, N. (2020). Economic effects of coronavirus ourbreak (COVID-19) on the world economy. IESE Business School Working Paper No. WP-1240-E.
• Fernandez, A. A., & Shaw, G. P. (2020). Academic leadership in a time of crisis: The coronavirus and COVID‐19. Journal of Leadership Studies, 14(1), 39-45.
• Gang-lan, H. U., Xiang-hua, L. U., & Huang, L. H. (2009). An essay on e-business ecosystem and its evolutionary path with focus on the phenomenon of e-business industrial cluster in China. Economic Management Journal, 6(2), 25-48.
• Gilbert, B. (2019). Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos says multibillion-dollar failures are actually a good thing: 'If the size of your failures isn't growing, you're not going to be inventing at a size that can actually move the needle'. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.in/amazon-ceo-jeff-bezos-says-multibillion-dollar-failures-are-actually-a-good-thing-if-the-size-of-your-failures-isnt-growing-youre-not-going-to-be-inventing-at-a-size-that-can-actually-move-the-needle/articleshow/68836219.cms (2021, 11 November)
• Greene, D. & David, J. L. (1984). A research design for generalizing from multiple case studies. Evaluation and Program Planning, 7(1), 73-85.
• Harris, A. (2020). COVID-19–school leadership in crisis?. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 8(3), 53-68.
• Havinga, M., Hoving, M., & Swagemakers, V. (2016). Alibaba: a case study on building an international imperium on information and e-commerce. In Multinational Management (pp. 13-32). Springer, Cham.
• He, P., Niu, H., Sun, Z., & Li, T. (2020). Accounting index of COVID-19 impact on Chinese industries: A case study using big data portrait analysis. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 56(10), 2332-2349.
• Herman, J. (2020). Amazon’s big breakdown. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/05/27/magazine/amazon-coronavirus.html (2021, 25 May)
• Horwitz, J. (2020). Alibaba Extends Its Reach in China as Coronavirus Outbreak Opens Doors. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-alibaba-analysis/alibaba-extends-its-reach-in-china-as-coronavirus-outbreak-opens-doors-idUSKBN2340TG (2022, 05 February)
• Hwang, P., & Lichtenthal, J. D. (2000). Anatomy of organizational crises. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 8(3), 129-140.
• Iansiti M., & Levien R. (2004). The keystone advantage: What the new dynamics of business ecosystems mean for strategy, innovation, and sustainability. Harvard Business School Review, 20(2), 3-6.
• Investopedia, (2020). https://www.investopedia.com/
• Iqbal, M. (2020, October 30). Zoom revenue and usage statistics. Retrieved from https://www.businessofapps.com/data/zoom-statistics/ (2021, 13 March)
• Kahn, W. A., Barton, M. A., & Fellows, S. (2013). Organizational crises and the disturbance of relational systems. Academy of Management Review, 38(3), 377-396.
• Kapucu, N., & Ustun, Y. (2018). Collaborative crisis management and leadership in the public sector. International Journal of Public Administration, 41(7), 548-561.
• Kim, T. (2018). Warren Buffett on Amazon’s cloud success: ‘You do not want to give Jeff Bezos a 7-year head start’. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/15/warren-buffett-on-amazons-cloud-success-you-do-not-want-to-give-jeff-bezos-a-7-year-head-start.html (2020, 27 July).
• Kumar, V., & Petersen, J. A. (2005). Using a customer-level marketing strategy to enhance firm performance: a review of theoretical and empirical evidence. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 33(4), 504-519.
• Macro Trends. (2021). Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.macrotrends.net/ (2021, 28 December)
• Mustajab, D., Bauw, A., Rasyid, A., Irawan, A., Akbar, M. A., & Hamid, M. A. (2020). Working from home phenomenon as an effort to prevent COVID-19 attacks and its impacts on work productivity. TIJAB (The International Journal of Applied Business), 4(1), 13-21.
• Nocera, J. (2016). Can Netflix survive in the new world it created. The New York Times, 15(2), 4-7.
• Owens, J. C., & Swartz, J. (2020). Netflix pulled off a showstopper early in the pandemic, but will the squel deserve the price? Retrieved from https://www.marketwatch.com/story/netflix-in-the-age-of-covid-19-streaming-pioneer-may-have-new-edge-on-competition-2020-04-07 (2021, 04 November)
• Pham, S. (2020). Tencent’s profits are soaring. But it still has to contend with Trump’s WeChat ban. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/12/tech/tencent-earnings-wechat-ban-hnk-intl/index.html (2021, 09 November)
• Prideaux, B., Thompson, M., & Pabel, A. (2020). Lessons from COVID-19 can prepare global tourism for the economic transformation needed to combat climate change. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 667-678.
• Pula, E. N., Stone, M., & Foss, B. (2003). Customer data management in practice: An insurance case study. Journal of Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management, 10(4), 327-341.
• PYMNTS. (2020). https://www.pymnts.com/tag/2020/.
• Qing, H. (2008). A model for value-added e-market provisioning: Case study from Alibaba. com. Second International Conference on Future Generation Communication and Networking Symposia (pp. 47-52). IEEE.
• Selig, C. J., Stettina, C. J., & Baltes, G. H. (2016). The corporate entrepreneur: A driving force for strategic renewal and radical innovation in established companies. IEEE-ITMC & 22th ICE Conference (pp.59-72). Trondheim University.
• Simone, M. (2017). Be prepared to lose your job in the future: If you don’t learn this one skill now. Retrieved from https://medium.com/accelerated-intelligence/be-prepared-to-lose-your-job-in-the-future-if-you-dont-learn-this-one-skill-now-8a87ade2a268#:~:text=Be%20Prepared%20To%20Lose%20Your,Michael%20Simmons%20%7C%20Accelerated%20Intelligence%20%7C%20Medium (2020, 19 August)
• Smits, S. J., & Ally, N. E. (2003). “Thinking the unthinkable”—Leadership's role in creating behavioral readiness for crisis management. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 13(1), 1-23.
• Stewart, J. B. (2011). Amazon says long term and means it. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/17/business/at-amazon-jeff-bezos-talks-long-term-and-means-it.html (2022, 04 January)
• Tourish, D. (2020). Introduction to the special issue: Why the coronavirus crisis is also a crisis of leadership. Leadership, 16(3), 261-272.
• University of Pennsylvania. (2013, July 31). Got a new strategy? Don’t forget the execution part. Retrieved from https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/got-a-new-strategy-dont-forget-the-execution-part/ (2021, 19 October)
• University of Pennsylvania. (2021, February 8). What’s next for Jeff Bezos and Amazon. Retrieved from https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/whats-next-for-jeff-bezos-and-amazon/ (2021, 19 October)
• Unoh, R. (2017). The crucial mindset Jeff Bezos says you should have if you want to be successful. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/09/jeff-bezos-says-you-should-have-this-mindset-to-be-successful.html#:~:text=%22What%20we're%20really%20focused,invention%20doesn't%20work.%22&text=Bezos%20says%20you%20should%20also%20stick%20to%20your%20guns (2021, 18 October)
• Weise, K. (2020). Bezos take back the wheel at Amazon. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/22/technology/bezos-amazon-coronavirus.html (2021, 19 May).
• Williamson, S., Colley, L., & Hanna‐Osborne, S. (2020). Will working from home become the ‘new normal’in the public sector?. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 79(4), 601-607.
• Wilson, S. (2020). Pandemic leadership: Lessons from New Zealand’s approach to COVID-19. Leadership, 16(3), 279-293.
• Wooten, L. P., & James, E. H. (2008). Linking crisis management and leadership competencies: The role of human resource development. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 10(3), 352-379.
• Wu, Z. & Wan, D. (2014). Does underwriter reputation promote fair pricing behavior in the IPO process? Evidence from ChiNext-Listed firms. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 30(2), 615-624.
• Yahoo Finance. (2020). https://finance.yahoo.com/
• Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research. New York: Sage.
• Yun, J. J., Zhao, X., Park, K., & Shi, L. (2020). Sustainability condition of open innovation: Dynamic growth of Alibaba from SME to large enterprise. Sustainability, 12(11), 43-79.
• Zeng, M. (2018). Alibaba and the future of business. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2018/09/alibaba-and-the-future-of-business (2022, 05 March)
• Zhang, G., & Ravishankar, M. N. (2019). Exploring vendor capabilities in the cloud environment: A case study of Alibaba Cloud Computing. Information & Management, 56(3), 343-355.
• Zhang, L. I. N. (2020). When platform capitalism meets petty capitalism in China: Alibaba and an integrated approach to platformization. International Journal of Communication,8(3), 14-21.
• Zhang, W., Chong, Z., Li, X., & Nie, G. (2020). Spatial patterns and determinant factors of population flow networks in China: Analysis on Tencent Location Big Data. Cities,8(2), 99-112.
• Zhou, Q., Chen, X., & Li, S. (2018). Innovative financial approach for agricultural sustainability: A case study of Alibaba. Sustainability, 10(3), 1-20.