Carnap’ın Metafizik Eleştirisi

Yıl 2011, Sayı: 16, 143 - 160, 15.04.2011

Ümit Öztürk

Öz

Bu yazıda amacımız, Rudolf Carnap’ın metafizik hakkındaki görüşlerini takdim etmek ve incelemektir. İlk olarak, onun ünlü “Dilin Mantıksal Analizi Yoluyla Metafiziğin Üstesinden Gelinmesi” (“The Elimination of Metaphysics through Logical Analysis of Language”) makalesini ayrıntılı olarak irdeliyoruz. İkinci olarak ise, bu metinle aynı dönemin ürünü olan diğer metinlerini merkeze alma yoluyla, Carnap’ın “mantıksal sentaks” anlayışı çerçevesinde onun metafiziğe yönelik eleştirilerini bütüncül bir perspektife oturtmaya çalışıyoruz. Bu şekilde göstermeye çalışıyoruz ki, Carnap’a göre, metafiziğin şairane yapısı, dilin yanlış kullanımından başka bir şey değildir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carnap, Metafizik, Mantıksal Çözümleme, Mantıksal Sentaks, Anlam

Kaynakça

• Altuğ, Taylan (1989) Modern Felsefede Metafiziğin Elenmesi ve Yarattığı Bilgikuramsal Sorunlar, İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi.
• Carnap, Rudolf (1930) “Die alte und die neue Logik”, Erkenntnis, Volume 1, Number 1 / December, pp. 12-26.
• Carnap, Rudolf (1931a) “Überwindung der Metaphysik durch logische Analyse der Sprache”, Erkenntnis, Volume 2, Number 1 / December, pp. 219-241.
• Carnap, Rudolf (1931b) “Die physikalische Sprache als Universalsprache der Wissenschaft”, Erkenntnis, Volume 2, Number 1 / December, pp. 432-465.
• Carnap, Rudolf (1932a) “Psychologie in physikalischer Sprache”, Erkenntnis, Volume 3, Number 1 / December, pp. 107-142.
• Carnap, Rudolf (1932b) “Über Protokollsätze”, Erkenntnis, Volume 3, Number 1 / December, pp. 215-228.
• Carnap, Rudolf (1935) “Formalwissenschaft und Realwissenschaft”, Erkenntnis, Volume 5, Number 1 / December, pp. 30-37.
• Carnap, Rudolf (1953) “Formal and Factual Science”, Readings in the Philosophy of Science, eds. H. Feigl and M. Brodbeck, trans. by eds., pp. 123-128, New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
• Carnap, Rudolf (1966a) “The Elimination of Metaphysics through Logical Analysis of Language”, Logical Positivism, ed. A. J. Ayer, trans. by A. Pap, pp. 60-81, New York: The Free Press.
• Carnap, Rudolf (1966b) “The Old and the New Logic”, Logical Positivism, ed. A. J. Ayer, trans. by I. Levi, pp. 113-146, New York: The Free Press.
• Carnap, Rudolf (1966c) “Psychology in Physical Language”, Logical Positivism, ed. A. J. Ayer, trans. by G. Schick, pp. 165-198, New York: The Free Press.
• Carnap, Rudolf (1934/1967) The Logical Syntax of Language, trans. by. A. Smeaton, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd. [originally published as Logische Syntax der Sprache. Schriften zur wissenschaftlichen Weltauffassung, hrsg. von Philipp Frank und Moritz Schlick, Bd. 8. Wien: Verlag von Julius Springer, 1931. The Vorwort is dated: Prag, im Mai 1934].
• Carnap, Rudolf (1938/1970) “Foundations of Logic and Mathematics”, Foundations of the Unity of Science. Toward an International Encyclopedia of Unified Science, Vol. I, (Nos.1-10), eds. O. Neurath, R. Carnap, C. Morris, pp. 139-213, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
• Carnap, Rudolf (1963) “Intellectual Autobiography”, The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap, ed. Paul Arthur Schillp, pp. 3-84, La Salle, Open Court, Cambridge University Press, London.
• Carnap, Rudolf (1987) “On Protocol Sentences”, Nous, Vol. 21, No. 4, trans. by R. Creath and R. Nollan, pp. 457-470.
• Carnap, Rudolf (1995) The Unity of Science, trans. by M. Black, Bristol: Thoemmes Press.
• Carnap, Rudolf (1935/1996) Philosophy and Logical Syntax, Bristol: Thoemmes Press.
• Coffa, J. Alberto (1993) The Semantic Tradition from Kant to Carnap: To the Vienna Station, ed. by Linda Wessels, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Friedman, Michael (1999) Reconsidering Logical Positivism, New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Friedman, Michael (2002) “Kant, Kuhn, and the Rationality of Science”, Philosophy of Science, Vol. 69, Iss. 2, (June, 2002), pp. 171-190.
• Gözkân, Bülent (2002) “Kant’ın Metafizik ve Akıl Eleştirisi Üzerine”, Yeditepe’de Felsefe 1, İstanbul: T.C. Yeditepe Üniversitesi Yayınları, ss. 21-79.
• Irzık, Gürol (1992) “Wittgenstein ve Carnap: Tractatus’un Mantıkçı Pozitivizme Etkisi”, Felsefe Tartışmaları, 11. Kitap, ss. 59-81.
• Irzık, Gürol (2002) “Carnap and Kuhn: A Belated Encounter”, In the Scope of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Vol. II, eds. P. Gardenfors, J. Wolenski and K. Kijina-Placek, pp. 603-620, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.
• Irzık, Gürol (2011) “Carnap’ın İç-Dış Ayrımı ve Bu Ayrımın 20. Yüzyıl Bilim Felsefesindeki Yeri”, Teo Grünberg’e Armağan Kitabı, ed. Zekiye Kutlusoy (yayımlanacak).
• Irzık, Gürol ve Teo Grünberg (1995) “Carnap and Kuhn: Arch Enemies or Close Allies?”, The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 46, No. 3, (Sep., 1995), pp. 285-307.
• Norton, Bryan G. (1977) “On the Metatheoretical Nature of Carnap’s Philosophy”, Philosophy of Science, Vol. 44, No. 1 (Mar., 1977), pp. 65-85.
• Reisch, A. George (1991) “Did Kuhn Kill Logical Empiricism?”, Philosophy of Science, Vol. 58, No. 2, (Jun., 1991), pp. 264-277.