Hegel’s Concept of Action in the Transition From Practical Reason to Spirit

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 31, 386 - 403, 30.10.2018

İhsan Berk Özcangiller

https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.480830

Öz

The aim of
this essay is to explain the emergence of the concept of Spirit which provides
the concrete unity of the oppositions experienced by consciousness, on the
basis of Hegel’s theory of action. The main section to examine for this purpose
is the Reason’s moment of “The Spiritual Animal Kingdom and Deceit, or the
matter in hand itself” in the Phenomenology of Spirit. Reason in general
presents us with the forms of the relation of individuality with its opposite
universality in order to realize itself. Rational consciousness first tries to
discover itself in the external world, theoretically and passively. However,
the inability to resolve the opposition turns the Reason into the practical
reason and now tries to make itself actual through its own activity. In this
process, Hegel’s concept of action gains importance for the solution of the
opposition of indivudality and universality in the transition from the
Practical Reason to Spirit. Thus, the concept of action will reveal the truth
of the relationship between individuality and universality. This truth is that
they can not exclude each other but are dependent on each other for their
existence. Now, in this work, the dialectic of the individual and the universal
will first be discussed in the relation between action and work and secondly in
the matter in hand itself as action. In the conclusion, an evaluation will be
made on the effect of the action on the transition from Practical Reason to
Spirit.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Action, Practical Reason, Spirit, Individuality, Universality

Pratik Akıl’dan Tin’e Geçişte Hegel’in Eylem Teorisi

Öz

Bu makalenin
amacı, bilincin deneyimlediği karşıtlıkların somut birliğini sağlayan Tin
kavramının ortaya çıkışını Hegel’in ‘eylem’ teorisi temelinde açıklamaktır. Bu
amaçla inceleyeceğimiz ana bölüm Tinin
Fenomelojisi’nde Akıl’ın “Tinsel
Hayvanlar Ülkesi ve Aldanma ya da Şeyin Kendisi” momentidir. Akıl, genel olarak
bireyselliğin kendisini gerçekleştirmek adına karşıtı olan evrensellikle
girdiği ilişkinin biçimlerini bize sunmaktadır. Akılsal bilinç kendisini ilkin
teorik ve edilgin olarak dış dünyada keşfetmeye çalışır. Ancak karşıtlığın
çözülememesi Akıl’ı pratik akıla dönüştürür ve bilinç şimdi kendisini kendi
etkinliği aracılığıyla edimsel kılmaya çalışır. Bu süreçte Pratik Akıl’dan
Tin’e geçişte bireysellik ile evrensellik karşıtlığının çözümü için Hegel’in
eylem kavramı önem kazanır. Böylece eylem kavramı, bireysellik ve evrensellik
arasındaki ilişkinin hakikatini ortaya koyacaktır. Bu hakikat ise onların
varoluşları için birbirlerini dışlamamaları aksine bağımlı olmalarıdır. Şimdi
bu çalışmada bireysel ve evrenselin diyalektiği ilk olarak eylem ve iş
arasındaki ilişkide ve ikinci olarak da eylemin kendisi olarak şeyin kendisinde
ele alınacaktır. Sonuç kısmında ise Pratik Akıl’dan Tin’e geçiş’te eylemin
etkisine dair bir değerlendirme yapılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eylem, Pratik Akıl, Tin, Bireysellik, Evrensellik

Kaynakça

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