Araştırma Makalesi
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Kant ve Hegel’in Felsefesinde Özgürlük

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 131 - 149, 15.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.887426

Öz

Bu makalenin esas amacı, Kant ve Hegel’in özgürlük anlayışları karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz etmektir. Bu analiz toplum ve birey arasındaki ilişkiyi liberal ve komüniteryan perspektiflerin arasındaki tartışma dikkate alınarak kurgulanmıştır. Siyasal düşünce tarihinde, birçok düşünür, “haklar ile iyi hayatın” ve “evrensel ile pratiğin” arasında seçim yapmak zorunda kalmış ve bu ikilikler arasında hangisinin önceliği olduğu hakkında çözülmesi bir hayli zor sorularla meşgul olmuştur. Bu sorulara cevap verebilmek için, özgürlük anlayışının kesin hatlarla çizilmesi gerekir çünkü özgürlük ve eşitlik siyasi kurumlarımızı yansıması gereken normatif ve evrensel değerlerdir. Bu makalede, ilk olarak, Hegel'in etik düzene ve özellikle devlet kurumlarına yaptığı vurguyu anlamak için Kantçı özgürlük anlayışını ve bunun siyaset felsefesine nasıl yansıdığını bilmek gerektiğinden, Kant’ın özgürlük fikrinin kısa bir açıklamasını sunacağım. İkinci olarak, Hegel’in özgürlük anlayışı Hukuk Felsefesi kitabından atıfla anlatılacaktır. Üçüncü olarak, Hegel'in Kantçı özgürlük fikrine sunduğu iki büyük eleştiri tartışılacaktır. Son olarak, Hegel'in Kantçı özgürlük anlayışının yol açtığı temel eleştirileri; ruh, özgürlük ve etik düzen kavramlarının diyalektik inşası yoluyla nasıl aşmaya çalıştığı gösterilecektir.

Kaynakça

  • ARISTOTLE (1997). The Politics and the Constitution of Athens, ed. by Stephen Everson, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [POL].
  • ARISTOTLE Nicomachean Ethics, http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/nicomachaen.html [NE].
  • BENHABIB, Seyla (1986). Critique, Norm and Utopia, New York: Columbia University Press.
  • FLIKSCHUH, Katrin (2000). Kant and Modern Political Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
  • HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1956). The Philosophy of History, translated by J. Sibree with an introduction by C.J. Friedrich, New York: Dover Publications.
  • HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1953). Reason in History, ed. by. Robert Hartman, New York: The Liberal Arts Press.
  • HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1975). Lecture on the Philosophy on the World History: Introduction, translated by H. B. Nisbet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1975). Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, translated by T. M. Knox, Oxford: Clarendon Press [PR].
  • HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1977). Phenomenology of Spirit, translated by A.V. Miller and foreword by J.N. Findlay, Oxford: Clarendon Press [PhN].
  • HOULGATE, Stephen (1991). Freedom, Truth and History: An Introduction to Hegel’s Philosophy, London: Routledge.
  • INWOOD, Michael J. (1992). A Hegel Dictionary, Oxford: Blackwell.
  • KANT, Immenuel (1990). Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals & What is Enlightenment?, trans. Lewis White Beck, New York.
  • KANT, Immenuel (2002). Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. trans. by Arnulf Zweig and ed. by Thomas E. Hill, Jr. and Arnulf Zweig, Oxford: Oxford University Press [G].
  • KANT, Immanuel (2008). Political Writings, edited by Hans Reiss, translated by H.B Nisbet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • KANT, Immanuel (2009). Critique of Pure Reason, translated and edited by Paul Guyer and Allen Wood, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [CPR].
  • MARCUSE, Herbert (1986 [1955]). Reason and Revolution: Hegel and the Rise of the Social Theory, London and Henley: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • PATTEN, Alan (1999). Hegel’s Idea of Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • RILEY, Patrick (1983). Kant’s Political Philosophy, New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield.
  • RITTER, Joachim (1982). Hegel and the French Revolution, Essays on the Philosophy of Right, translated by Richard Dien Winfield, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London: MIT Press.
  • SANDEL, Michael (1984). “The Procedural Republic and the Unencumbered Self,” Political Theory, 12(1)/1984, 81-96.
  • SEDGWICK, Sally (2010). “Reason and History: Kant versus Hegel,” Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association – American Philosophical Association, 84(2)/2010: 45-59.
  • SINGH, Raghwendra Pratap (2000). Freedom and Causation: With Special Reference to Hegel's overcoming of Kant, Faridabad: Om Publications.
  • SINGER, Peter (1983). Hegel, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • SMITH, Steven (1984). Hegel’s Critique of Liberalism: Rights in Context, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • STEINBERGER, Peter (1988). Logic and Politics: Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, New Heaven: Yale University Press.
  • WEIL, Eric (1998). Hegel and the State, trans. by Mark A. Cohen, Maryland: Jonh Hopkins Unversity Press.
  • WINFIELD (2001). “Post-colonialism and Right,” Beyond Liberalism and Communitarianism, ed. Robert R. Williams, Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • TAYLOR, Charles (1992). “Politics of Recognition,” Multiculturalism and “The Politics of Recognition,” ed. A. Gutmann, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Kant and Hegel on Freedom

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 131 - 149, 15.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.887426

Öz

The main objective of this article is to understand Hegelian understanding of freedom through a comparison of its Kantian counterpart. I set up this investigation with a consideration of the debate between liberals and communitarians. In the history of political thought, many political thinkers have been occupied by the questions about the priority of right over good and of universal over particular. In order to answer these questions, one needs to have a clear conception of freedom since the claims of freedom and equality are universally accepted political values which should reflect our political institutions contextually. To accomplish this task, first, I will introduce a brief account of Kant’s idea of freedom. It is crucial to know Kantian idea of freedom and how this idea reflects to his political philosophy to understand Hegel’s emphasis on ethical order and particularly state institutions. Second, I will give a brief account of Hegel’s idea of freedom by giving references to his book titled Philosophy of Right. Third, I will introduce two major criticisms that Hegel poses to the Kantian idea of freedom. Finally, I will introduce how Hegel tries to overcome the problems of Kantian idea of freedom through the dialectical construction of the concepts of spirit, freedom and ethnical order.

Kaynakça

  • ARISTOTLE (1997). The Politics and the Constitution of Athens, ed. by Stephen Everson, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [POL].
  • ARISTOTLE Nicomachean Ethics, http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/nicomachaen.html [NE].
  • BENHABIB, Seyla (1986). Critique, Norm and Utopia, New York: Columbia University Press.
  • FLIKSCHUH, Katrin (2000). Kant and Modern Political Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
  • HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1956). The Philosophy of History, translated by J. Sibree with an introduction by C.J. Friedrich, New York: Dover Publications.
  • HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1953). Reason in History, ed. by. Robert Hartman, New York: The Liberal Arts Press.
  • HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1975). Lecture on the Philosophy on the World History: Introduction, translated by H. B. Nisbet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1975). Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, translated by T. M. Knox, Oxford: Clarendon Press [PR].
  • HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1977). Phenomenology of Spirit, translated by A.V. Miller and foreword by J.N. Findlay, Oxford: Clarendon Press [PhN].
  • HOULGATE, Stephen (1991). Freedom, Truth and History: An Introduction to Hegel’s Philosophy, London: Routledge.
  • INWOOD, Michael J. (1992). A Hegel Dictionary, Oxford: Blackwell.
  • KANT, Immenuel (1990). Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals & What is Enlightenment?, trans. Lewis White Beck, New York.
  • KANT, Immenuel (2002). Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. trans. by Arnulf Zweig and ed. by Thomas E. Hill, Jr. and Arnulf Zweig, Oxford: Oxford University Press [G].
  • KANT, Immanuel (2008). Political Writings, edited by Hans Reiss, translated by H.B Nisbet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • KANT, Immanuel (2009). Critique of Pure Reason, translated and edited by Paul Guyer and Allen Wood, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [CPR].
  • MARCUSE, Herbert (1986 [1955]). Reason and Revolution: Hegel and the Rise of the Social Theory, London and Henley: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • PATTEN, Alan (1999). Hegel’s Idea of Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • RILEY, Patrick (1983). Kant’s Political Philosophy, New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield.
  • RITTER, Joachim (1982). Hegel and the French Revolution, Essays on the Philosophy of Right, translated by Richard Dien Winfield, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London: MIT Press.
  • SANDEL, Michael (1984). “The Procedural Republic and the Unencumbered Self,” Political Theory, 12(1)/1984, 81-96.
  • SEDGWICK, Sally (2010). “Reason and History: Kant versus Hegel,” Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association – American Philosophical Association, 84(2)/2010: 45-59.
  • SINGH, Raghwendra Pratap (2000). Freedom and Causation: With Special Reference to Hegel's overcoming of Kant, Faridabad: Om Publications.
  • SINGER, Peter (1983). Hegel, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • SMITH, Steven (1984). Hegel’s Critique of Liberalism: Rights in Context, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • STEINBERGER, Peter (1988). Logic and Politics: Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, New Heaven: Yale University Press.
  • WEIL, Eric (1998). Hegel and the State, trans. by Mark A. Cohen, Maryland: Jonh Hopkins Unversity Press.
  • WINFIELD (2001). “Post-colonialism and Right,” Beyond Liberalism and Communitarianism, ed. Robert R. Williams, Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • TAYLOR, Charles (1992). “Politics of Recognition,” Multiculturalism and “The Politics of Recognition,” ed. A. Gutmann, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Felsefe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Gülay Uğur Göksel 0000-0002-8345-9102

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mart 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Şubat 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Göksel, G. U. (2021). Kant and Hegel on Freedom. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 20(1), 131-149. https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.887426
AMA Göksel GU. Kant and Hegel on Freedom. Kaygı. Mart 2021;20(1):131-149. doi:10.20981/kaygi.887426
Chicago Göksel, Gülay Uğur. “Kant and Hegel on Freedom”. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi 20, sy. 1 (Mart 2021): 131-49. https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.887426.
EndNote Göksel GU (01 Mart 2021) Kant and Hegel on Freedom. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi 20 1 131–149.
IEEE G. U. Göksel, “Kant and Hegel on Freedom”, Kaygı, c. 20, sy. 1, ss. 131–149, 2021, doi: 10.20981/kaygi.887426.
ISNAD Göksel, Gülay Uğur. “Kant and Hegel on Freedom”. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi 20/1 (Mart 2021), 131-149. https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.887426.
JAMA Göksel GU. Kant and Hegel on Freedom. Kaygı. 2021;20:131–149.
MLA Göksel, Gülay Uğur. “Kant and Hegel on Freedom”. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, c. 20, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 131-49, doi:10.20981/kaygi.887426.
Vancouver Göksel GU. Kant and Hegel on Freedom. Kaygı. 2021;20(1):131-49.

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