Savaş Üzerine'de Diyalektik ve Özgürlük Sorunu

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 397 - 440, 30.03.2023

Cihan Cinemre

https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.1208739

Öz

Bu çalışmada Carl von Clausewitz’in diyalektik yöntemi G. W. F. Hegel’in felsefesiyle, özellikle onun köle ile efendi arasındaki ilişkiyi kavrayışıyla bağlantılı olarak ele alınmıştır. Bu girişim karşıtları yüklemleri dolayısıyla ve birlik içerisinde kavramak için önemlidir. Bu yolla karşıt tarafların her birinin ötekinde ima edildiği ve onların salt ikicil bir tertip içindeki değişmez varlıklar olarak varsayılmadığı bir ilişkiyi ileri sürmek mümkün olur. Clausewitz’in diyalektik yöntemi onun tarihselciliğiyle tamamlanır ve onların birliği yoluyla onun çalışmasındaki özgürlük kavramını çıkarmak mümkün olur. Clausewitz her bir savaşın, içerisinde meydana geldiği toplumsal ilişkilere bağlı olarak gerçekleşen eşsiz bir toplumsal etkileşim olduğunu vurgular. Bu sayede savaştaki kumandan her bir savaşı geçmiş savaşların deneyimlerine dayalı olarak, salt teknik ve askeri bir mesele olarak ele alan doktriner kılavuzlardan özgürleşir. Clausewitz’in kavrayışı komutanın içerisinde eylemde bulunduğu nesnel dünyaya dair içgörüleri yoluyla oluşturduğu öznelliğini ileri süreceği teorik alanı açar. Clausewitz’in metodolojisi onun teorisinin ayırt edilebilir bir evrensel özü olduğuna işaret eder. Öyleyse onun eseri yalnızca onun yaşadığı çağın savaşlarını değil günümüzde gerçekleşenleri anlamak için de geçerlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

CLausewitz, Hegel, Kölelik ve Efendilik, Mutlak savaş, Tin, Özgürlük, Tarihselcilik

Dialectics and The Problem of Freedom in On War

Öz

This study deals with the dialectics of Carl von Clausewitz in conjunction with the philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel – in particular, his insights regarding the relationship between the lord and the bondsman. Understanding war through this relationship is significant to understand the opposites through their predicates and in unity. Then, the opposites imply each other; they are not to be understood as fixed entities situated in a dualistic juxtaposition. Together with his dialectics, Clausewitz’s historicism is fundamental to educe the notion of freedom from his work. He emphasises the uniqueness of any war, in the sense that it is being a social interaction contingent on the social milieu. This corresponds also to the absolving of the commander from the doctrinal manuals on war drawn up with respect to wars that happened in the past. These manuals consider wars as if they were merely technical and military matters. His elaboration on war provides the scope for a commander to assert the subjectivity he constitutes through his insights into the objective world he acts within. Clausewitz’s method indicates that his theory possesses a discernible universal essence, thus, his work is relevant not only to understand the wars of the era that he lived in but also the contemporary ones.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Clausewitz, Hegel, Lordship and Bondage, Absolute war, Spirit, Freedom, Historicism

Kaynakça

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