Estetiği Politikleştirmek ve Politikayı Estetize Etmek: Totalitarizm Bağlamında Estetik İlkeleri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 711 - 753, 30.09.2024

Henrieta Krupa

https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.1492605

Öz

Bu makale, sanat, toplum ve güç arasındaki karmaşık etkileşimi, özellikle Hitler’in Nazi Almanya’sı ve Stalin’in Sovyetler Birliği gibi totaliter rejimlerin kullandığı estetik stratejilere odaklanarak inceliyor. Her iki rejim de ideolojilerini yaymak ve muhalefeti bastırmak için estetikten yararlandı. Nazi Almanya’sı, politikayı ırksal saflık ideolojilerini teşvik etmek amacıyla estetize ederken, Sovyetler Birliği estetiği politize ederek Sosyalist Realizm aracılığıyla proletaryayı ve Sovyet devletini yüceltti. Rejimlerin estetiği manipüle etmesi, sanatın otoriter kontrolü dayatmada ve halkın duyguları manipüle ederek kamu algısını şekillendirmede nasıl araçsal hale gelebileceğini ortaya koyuyor. Makale, totaliter rejimler tarafından kullanılan ortak estetik ilkeleri daha ayrıntılı olarak inceleyerek, politikayı estetize etme ve estetiği politize etme uygulamaları hakkında farkındalık yaratmayı ve konuyu günümüzün çalkantılı dönemlerinde de geçerli kılmayı amaçlıyor. Makale, sanatın siyasi söylem ve kamu davranışlarını etkilemeye devam ettiği dijital çağda bu stratejilerin çağdaş önemine dikkat çekiyor. Sanatın politikadaki etik boyutlarıyla eleştirel bir şekilde ilgilenmeye çağıran ve sanatsal özgürlüğü destekleyerek sanatın sessizlerin güçlendirilmesi, totalitarizme karşı direnç ve olumlu sosyal değişim için bir araç olarak hizmet etmesini savunan makale, tarihsel ve çağdaş perspektifler aracılığıyla sanatın hem baskıcı hem de özgürleştirici çift potansiyelini vurguluyor ve toplumda etik kullanımını sürdürme ihtiyacının altını çiziyor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Estetik, Sanat, Politika, Totalitarizm, Güç.

Aestheticizing Politics and Politicising Aesthetics: Principles of Aesthetics in the Context of Totalitarianism

Öz

This article examines the complex interplay between art, society, and power, focusing on the aesthetic strategies employed by totalitarian regimes, particularly Hitler’s Nazi Germany and Stalin’s Soviet Union. Both regimes harnessed aesthetics to propagate their ideologies and suppress dissent. While Nazi Germany aestheticized politics to promote their ideology of racial purity, the Soviet Union politicised aesthetics to glorify the proletariat and the Soviet state through Socialist Realism. The regimes’ manipulation of aesthetics reveals how art can become instrumental in enforcing authoritarian control and shaping public perception through manipulating emotions. The paper further examines common aesthetic principles utilised by totalitarian regimes, aiming to raise awareness about practices of aestheticizing politics and politicising aesthetics, which makes the topic relevant in contemporary turbulent times. The article thus underscores the contemporary relevance of these strategies in the digital age, where art continues to influence political discourse and public behaviour. It calls for a critical engagement with the ethical dimensions of art in politics and advocates for supporting artistic freedom to ensure that art serves as a tool for empowerment of the silenced, resistance against totalitarianism, and positive social change. Through historical and contemporary lenses, this study highlights the dual potential of art to both oppress and liberate, emphasising the need for vigilance in maintaining its ethical use in society.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aesthetics, Art, Politics, Totalitarianism, Power.

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