ESTABLISHMENT OF MODERN DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN TURKEY: OPERATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS

Yıl 2021, , 243 - 255, 26.12.2021

Hikmet İskender

https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.1019340

Cited By: 1

Öz

Natural disasters have been experienced more frequently in recent years for a variety of reasons including technological advances and climate change. These disasters cause a wide variety of problems, such as public health, environmental, and infrastructural problems. Turkey is a developing country and is geographically located in a region where natural disasters occur frequently and most of natural disasters are related to earthquakes. Disaster management systems are implemented to prevent the negative effects of natural disasters such as earthquakes. Marmara Earthquake in 1999 is the milestone of Disaster Management in Turkey and disaster management system changed and became effective after this earthquake. The aim of this study was to examine the earthquakes in Turkey from the past to the present in order to investigate the effects of the disaster management system in our country and make inferences about disaster management by using collected data. In the presented study, an overview of disaster management in Turkey was made, and by examining the functioning of disaster management systems operating in Turkey, the disaster management system for disasters that can be occur has been discussed. This paper evaluate the efficiency of disaster management system in Turkey. With the present paper, inferences about disaster management in Turkey were made with the determinations based on the earthquakes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

disaster, management, natural disaster, earthquake, operations, EM-DAT

СОВРЕМЕННОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ БЕДСТВИЯМИ В ТУРЦИИ: ОПЕРАЦИОННЫЕ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ

Öz

Бедствия, в том числе стихийные бедствия, технические неполадки и изменение климата, в последние годы по разным причинам случаются чаще. Эти бедствия вызывают различные проблемы, такие как проблемы со здоровьем, окружающей средой и инфраструктурой. Турция - развивающаяся страна, географически расположенная в регионе, где часто происходят стихийные бедствия, а большинство стихийных бедствий связано с землетрясениями. Системы управления стихийными бедствиями внедрены для предотвращения его негативных последствий, таких как землетрясения. Землетрясение 1999 года в Мраморном море является краеугольным камнем управления стихийными бедствиями в Турции и после этого землетрясения система управления стихийными бедствиями изменилась и вступила в силу. Целью этого исследования является изучение землетрясений в Турции от прошлого до настоящего для того, чтобы сделать выводы об управлении стихийными бедствиями с использованием собранных данных и изучить влияние системы управления стихийными бедствиями в нашей стране. В нижеследующем исследовании сделан обзор управления стихийными бедствиями в Турции, изучено функционирование действующих в Турции систем управления стихийными бедствиями, а также обсуждена система управления стихийными бедствиями на случай возможных стихийных бедствий. В этой статье оценивается эффективность системы управления стихийными бедствиями в Турции. В рамках этого исследования, выводы об управлении стихийными бедствиями в Турции были сделаны на основе определений, основанных на землетрясениях.

Anahtar Kelimeler

катастрофа, управление, стихийное бедствие, землетрясение, операции, EM-DAT

TÜRKİYE'DE MODERN AFET YÖNETİMİNİN KURULMASI: OPERASYONEL İYİLEŞTİRMELER

Öz

Doğal afetler, teknolojik gelişmeler ve iklim değişikliği dahil olmak üzere afetler çeşitli nedenlerle son yıllarda daha sık yaşanmaktadır. Bu afetler halk sağlığı, çevre ve altyapı sorunları gibi çeşitli sorunlara neden olmaktadır. Türkiye gelişmekte olan bir ülkedir ve coğrafi olarak doğal afetlerin sıklıkla meydana geldiği ve doğal afetlerin çoğunun depremlerle ilgili olduğu bir bölgede yer almaktadır. Deprem gibi doğal afetlerin olumsuz etkilerini önlemek için afet yönetim sistemleri uygulanmaktadır. 1999 Marmara Depremi Türkiye'de Afet Yönetiminin mihenk taşıdır ve bu depremden sonra afet yönetim sistemi değişmiş ve yürürlüğe girmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, geçmişten günümüze Türkiye'deki depremleri incelemek, toplanan verilerden yararlanarak afet yönetimi hakkında çıkarımlarda bulunmak ve afet yönetim sisteminin ülkemizdeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Sunulan çalışmada, Türkiye'de afet yönetimine genel bir bakış yapılmış ve Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren afet yönetim sistemlerinin işleyişi incelenerek meydana gelebilecek afetler için afet yönetim sistemi tartışılmıştır. Bu makale, Türkiye'de afet yönetim sisteminin etkinliğini değerlendirmektedir. Bu çalışma ile depremlere dayalı tespitlerle Türkiye'de afet yönetimine ilişkin çıkarımlarda bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

afet, yönetim, doğal afet, deprem, operasyonlar, EM-DAT

Kaynakça

• ANBARCI, N., ESCALERAS, M., & REGISTER, C. A. (2005). Earthquake fatalities: The interaction of nature and political economy. Journal of Public Economy, 89(9-10), 1907-1933. doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.08.002.
• AUZZIR, Z. A., HAIGH, R. P., & AMARATUNGA, D. (2014). Public-private partnerships (PPP) in disaster management in developing countries: A conceptual framework. Procedia Economical Finance, 18, 807–814. doi: 10.1016/s2212-5671(14)01006-5.
• AYDIN, M. (2016). Natural disasters in Turkey and natural disaster profile of Bursa. International Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Education, 3(4), 1-10. doi: 10.20431/2349-0381.0304001.
• BASABE, P. (2015). Hyogo framework for action 2005–2015, (2013 ed.) Springer, Dordrecht. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_180.
• CAI, H., LAM, N. S. N., QIANG, Y., ZOU, L., CORRELL, R. M., & MIHUNOV, V. (2018). A synthesis of disaster resilience measurement methods and indices. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 31(1), 844–855. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.07.015.
• COHEN, C. & WERKER, E. D. (2008). The political economy of natural disasters. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 52(6), 795–819. doi: 10.1177/0022002708322157.
• DOBRUCALI, E. & DEMIR, I. H. (2016). Earthquake and Flood Disaster Management Regulations in Turkey. Disaster Science and Engineering, 2(1), 1-6.
• EM-DAT Database. https://www.emdat.be/. Access date 01.08.2021
• EMRE, O., DUMAN, T., OZALP, S., SAROGLU, F., OLGUN, S., ELMACI, H., & CAN, T. (2018). Active fault database of Turkey. Bulletin Earthquake Engineering, 16(8), 3229-3275. doi: 10.1007/s10518-016-0041-2.
• KEATING, A., CAMPBELL, K., MECHLER, R., MAGNUSZEWSKI, P., MOCHIZIKU, J., LIU, W., SZOENYI, M., & MCQUISTAN, C. (2017). Disaster resilience: What it is and how it can engender a meaningful change in development policy. Development Policy Review, 35(1), 65-91. doi: 10.1111/dpr.12201.
• KUMAR, P. G., TEJASWINI, V., KESAVA RAO, P., & SHANKAR, G. J. (2021). Disaster mitigation and its strategies in a global context- A state of the art. Material Today: Proceeding, 45(7), 6488-6492. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.369.
• PARWANTO, N. B. & OYAMA, T. (2014). A statistical analysis and comparison of historical earthquake and tsunami disasters in Japan and Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 7, 122-141. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2013.10.003.
• UNLU, A., KAPUCU, N., & SAHIN, B. (2010). Disaster and crisis management in Turkey: A need for a unified crisis management system. Disaster Prevention and Management, 19(2), 155–174. doi: 10.1108/09653561011037977.