CRYPTOSPORIDIUM TÜRLERİNİN TANIMLANMASINDA YENİ BİR YAKLAŞIM: RİBOTİPLENDİRME

Yıl 2004, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 13 - 26, 01.05.2004

Rabia Sarıkaya

Öz

Cryptosporidium ilk kez 1907’de tanımlanmış ancak 1976 yılına kadar insanlarda hastalığa neden olduğu fark edilememiştir. Protozoonlardan olan Cryptosporidium parvum insanlarda ve hayvanlarda Cryptosporidiosis denilen sindirim sistemi hastalıklarına neden olmaktadır. Enfeksiyon sırasında Protozoon sindirim sisteminde yerleşir ve hayatını intraseluler parazit olarak devam ettirir. Bağırsaklarda oosit formunda bulunur, dışkı ile yayılır ve hastalık yeni bireylere dışkı ile bulaşır. Cryptosporidium’un C. muris, C. baileyi ve C. meleagridis’i de gibi pek çok farklı türü kaydedilmiştir. Ancak, yalnızca bir türün insanlarda önemli hastalıklara neden olduğuna inanılmaktadır ki bu tür Cryptosporidium parvum’dur. Bağışıklık sistemi zayıf ya da AIDS hastalarında, Cryptosporidium’un birçok enfeksiyona neden olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu parazit ishalin süresini uzatmakta ve yaşamı tehdit etmektedir. Cryptosporidium’ un farklı türlerinin varlığı, tanımlamada önemli problemlere yol açmaktadır. Çevredeki örneklerde bulunan oositler gözlendiğinde farklı türlere ait oositler arasındaki farkı anlamak mümkün olmamaktadır. Bu nedenle filogenetik analizde moleküler metotlar kullanılmalıdır. Bu derlemenin amacı Cryptosporidium türleri ve onların tanımlama metotları ile ilgili önemli bilgiler vermektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cryptosporidium, Fırsatçı parazit, Protozoa, Diagnostik teknikler

A NEW APPROACH OF IDENTIFICATION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM STRAINS: RIBOTYPING

Öz

Cryptosporidium, first described in 1907, was not recognized as a cause of human illness until 1976. The protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum is the causative agent for the gastrointestinal disease, cryptosporidiosis, in man and animals. Upon the infection, this protozoan reside principally in the gastrointestinal tract and goes through its life stages as an intracellular parasite. In the intestines, it forms oocysts which are shed in feces and which are the source of infection for new susceptiblepersons. Different species of Cryptosporidium have been recorded, including C. muris, C. baileyi, C. meleagridis. However, only species that is believed to be an important cause of disease in man is Cryptosporidium parvum. In patients who are immunosuppressed or who suffer from AIDS, Cryptosporidium is now recognized as one of a large group of infections which can contribute to a protracted and life-threatening diarrhoeal illness. The existence of different species of Cryptosporidium present problems in identification when oocysts are observed in environmental samples since it is not yet possible to differentiate between oocysts of different species. For this reason, molecular methods must use for phylogenic analysis. Purpose of this review to give important information about Cryptosporidium strains and their’s identification methods

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cryptosporidium, Opportunistic parasite, Protozoan, Diagnostic methods.

Kaynakça

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