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ERGEN İNTİHARLARININ ÖNLENMESİ: EKOLOJİK BAKIŞ AÇISI

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 151 - 164, 01.01.2015

Öz

Bu çalışmada ekolojik görüş bağlamında ergen intiharlarının nasıl önlenebileceği tartışılmıştır. Ergen intiharlarına yönelik temel önleme çalışmalarının yapılması psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik alanı için oldukça önemli görülmektedir. Ekolojik yaklaşıma göre intihar da ergen intiharlarını tek bir faktörle açıklamak mümkün değildir. Birçok faktör bir arada ergenlerin intihar riskini artırmaktadır. Bu nedenle önleme çalışmalarında bu faktörlerin bir arada ele alınması gerekmektedir. Bu yolla önleme çalışmalarının beklenen etkileri sağlayabileceği daha verimli olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada önemle vurgulanmak istenen nokta, ergen intiharları için ekolojik yaklaşımın tek bir basamağında bulunan risk faktörlerinin önlenmesinde ya da bunlara müdahale edilmesinde sadece o basamağa yönelik çalışmaları yapmanın yeterli olmayacağı görüşüdür. Çok boyutlu önleme çalışmalarının daha etkili olacağı düşünülmektedir ve önleme çalışmalarında ekolojik yaklaşımın her bir basamağının ele alınmasının önemi vurgulanmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, D. M., Overholser, J. C., Lehnert, K. L. (1994). Perceived Family Functioning and Adolescent Suicidal Behavior. Journal of The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psiychiatry. 33 4, 498- 508.
  • AFSP (2014). Facts and figures. American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. www.afsp.org. adresinden erişildi.
  • Agerbo, E., Nordentoft, M., & Mortensen, P. B. (2002). Familial, psychiatric, and socioeconomic risk factors for suicide in young people: nested case-control study. Bmj, 325(7355), 74.
  • Akman, Y. (2002). Okullarda Konsültasyon Çalışmaları ve Ruh Sağlığı Konsültasyon Modeli. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, II(18): 7-13.
  • Allision, S., Roeger, L., Martin G. & Keeves, J. (2001). Gender differences in the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation in young adolescents. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 35(4), 498-507.
  • Araki, S., & Murata, K. (1986). Factors affecting suicide in young, middle-aged and elderly men. Journal of biosocial science, 18(1), 103-108.
  • Arıcıoğlu, A., & Tagay, Ö. (2008). Okullarda ruh sağlığı hizmetleri. Kuramsal Eğitimbilim Dergisi, 1(2), 76-83.
  • Aşkin, R. (1999). Depresyon el kitabı. İstanbul: Roche Müstahzarları San. A.Ş.
  • Atzaba‐Poria, N., Pike, A., & Deater‐Deckard, K. (2004). Do risk factors for problem behaviour act in a cumulative manner? An examination of ethnic minority and majority children through an ecological perspective. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(4), 707-718.
  • Ayyash‐Abdo, H. (2002). Adolescent suicide: An ecological approach. Psychology in the Schools, 39(4), 459-475.
  • Beautrais, A. L. (2002). Gender issues in youth suicidal behaviour. Emergency Medicine, 14(1), 35-42.
  • Borowsky, I, W., Ireland, M. & Resnick, M..D. (2001). Adolescent Suicide Attempts: Risks and Protectors.” Pediatrics. 107, Issue 3, March:485- 498.
  • Brent, D.A. (1997). Family History of Suicide is Risk Factor for Teens. Brown University Child & Adolescent Behavior Letter.13(2): 5-9.
  • Bridge, J. A., Goldstein, T. R., & Brent, D. A. (2006). Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(3‐4), 372-394.
  • Capuzzi, D., & Golden, L. (2013). Preventing adolescent suicide. Indiana: Routledge.
  • Clark, T. C. (2007). Factors Associated with Reduced Depression and Suicide Risk Among Maori High School Students New Zealand. ProQuest.
  • Conyne, R. (1994). Preventive counseling. Counseling and Human Developmant, 27(1), 1-10.
  • Çölbaşi, A. (1994). Adölesan intihar girişimlerinde rol oynayan çeşitli risk faktörleri. (Yayımlanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi). İstanbul: TC Sağlık Bakanlığı İstanbul Şişli Etfal Hastanesi.
  • Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122-131.
  • Donahue, M. J., & Benson, P. L. (1995). Religion and the well‐being of adolescents. Journal of Social Issues, 51(2), 145-160.
  • Eisenberg, M. E., & Resnick, M. D. (2006). Suicidality among gay, lesbian and bisexual youth: The role of protective factors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(5), 662- 668.
  • Fang, C. K., Lu, H. C., Liu, S. I., & Sun, Y. W. (2011). Religious beliefs along the suicidal path in northern Taiwan. OMEGA--Journal of Death and Dying, 63(3), 255-269.
  • Flouri, E. & Buchanan, A. (2003). The productive role of parental involvement in adolescent suicide. Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of Oxford, UK Available online. Sience Direct.
  • Gredler, M. E. (2001).Learning and Instruction: Theory into Practice. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River.
  • Gutierrez, P. M. (2006). Integratively assessing risk and protective factors for adolescent suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 36(2), 129-135.
  • Hawton, K., Saunders, K. E., & O'Connor, R. C. (2012). Self-harm and suicide in adolescents. The Lancet, 379(9834), 2373-2382.
  • Headley, S. (1999). Suicide. Youth Studies Australia, 18 (3), 63 (1/2).
  • Hehherington, M. E. & Parke, R.D. (1986). Child psychology: A contemporary viewpoint. New York: Mc Graw_ Hill Book Company.
  • Henry, C. S. & Stephenson, A.L. (1993). Adolescent suicide and families: an ecological approach. Adolescence, 28, (110): 291-309.
  • Horesh, N., Rolnick, T., Iancu, I., Dannon, P., Lepkifker, E., Apter, A., & Kotler, M. (1996). Coping styles and suicide risk. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 93(6), 489-493.
  • Kaminski, J. W., & Fang, X. (2009). Victimization by peers and adolescent suicide in three US samples. The Journal of pediatrics, 155(5), 683-688.
  • Kazi, T. B., & Karodia, A. M. (2013). The relationship between religiosity and suicidal tendencies in Muslim university students in Durban, South Africa. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter) 1(8):25.41.
  • Kennedy,S., Baraff, L.J., Suddath, R.L. & Rasarniw, J. (2004). Suicidal adolescents. Pediatrics. 43 (4): 452-460.
  • King, C. A., Foster, C. E., & Rogalski, K. M. (2013). Teen Suicide Risk: A Practitioner Guide to Screening, Assessment, and Management. Guilford Press.
  • Korkut, F. (2004). Okul temelli önleyici rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Kulaksizoğlu, A. (1999). Ergenlik Psikolojisi. İstanbul:Remzi Kitapevi.
  • Leenaars, A. (2005). Effective public health strategies in suicide prevention are possible: a selective review of recent studies. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 2(1), 21-31.
  • Long, D. D., & Miller, B. J. (1991). Suicidal tendency and multiple sclerosis. Health & social work, 16(2), 104-109.
  • Maine, S., Shute, R., & Martin, G. (2001). Educating parents about youth suicide: Knowledge, response to suicidal statements, attitudes, and intention to help. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 31(3), 320-332.
  • MEB. (2003) Okullarımızda İntihar ve Suç Araştırma Raporu. Özel Eğitim Rehberlik ve Danışma Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü: Ankara.
  • Miller, D. N. (2012). Child and adolescent suicidal behavior: School- based prevention, assessment and intervention. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Müderrisoğlu, S. (2002). Adölesan döneminde karşılaşılan intihar eğilimlerinde aile içi duygusal ve fiziksel istismar ile depresyonun etkileri. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi.
  • Okucu, R. (1988). Ergenlik çağı intihar girişimlerinde psiko-sosyal etmenler. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi.
  • Oltmanns, F.T & Emery, R.E. (1995). Abnormal Psychology. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall. Inc.
  • Reifman, A. & Windle, M. (1995). Adolescent suicidal behaviors as a function of depression, hopelessness, alcohol use, and social support: a longitudinal investigation. American Journal of Community Psychology. 23, No. 3, June: 329 (26).
  • Romano, J.L. & Hage, S. M. (2000). Prevention and counseling psychology: revitalizing commitments for the 21st century. The counseling psychologist. 28 (6). 733-763.
  • Sayar, K., Öztürk, M. & Acar, B. (2000). İlaçla özkıyım girişiminde bulunan ergenlerde belirleyici olarak aleksitimi, umutsuzluk ve depresyon: karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 7(1): 17-24.
  • Schiamberg, L. (2004). An Ecological Perspective to an Intergenerational Family Problem Case Study for Chapter 13 Michigan State University, East Lansing Daphna Gans, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
  • Siyez, D. M. (2005). Prevention of Suicides During Adolescence: A Review. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 12(2), 92-101.
  • Şener, Ş. & Şenol, S. (1996). İntihar girişimleri ile başvuran ergenlerin değerlendirilmesi ve kısa süreli izlenimi. 3P Dergisi . 4, 2: 100-107.
  • Queralt, M. (1993). Risk factors associated with completed suicide in Latino. Adolescence. 28(112):831-851.
  • Vannatta, R. A. (1997). Adolescent gender differences in suicide-related behaviors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26(5), 559-568.
  • Vera, E. M., & Polanin, M. K. (2012). Prevention and Counseling psychology: A simple yet difficult commitment içinde 3-18 The Oxford Handbook of Prevention in Counseling Psychology. (ed.:E. Vera).New York: Oxford Press.
  • Wichstrİm, L. (2000). Predictors of adolescent suicide attempts: a nationally representative longitudinal study of Norwegian adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(5), 603-610.
  • Woods, E. R.& Lin, Y.G. (1997). The associations of suicide attempts in adolescents. Pediatrics, 99 (6):791-797.
  • Terzi-Unsal, S., & Kapci, E. G. (2005). Risk factors for suicidal behavior: psychosocial risk models with Turkish adolescents. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 33(6).
  • Tezcan, E., Oğuzhanoğlu, N.K. & Ülkeroğlu, F. (1995). Çocuk ve ergenlerde intihar girişimleri. Kriz Dergisi 3, 1-2 Sosyal Psikiyatri Sempozyumu Özel Sayı.
  • Torgler, B., & Schaltegger, C. A. (2012). Suicide and religion: new evidence on the differences between Protstantism And Catholicism. CREMA Gellertstrasse 18 CH - 4052 Basel www.crema-research.ch: 1-41. TUİK (2013). Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanım (Date of http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=13569 05.06.2014) access
  • Turgay, A. (1992). Çocuk ve gençlerde intihar girişimleri. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 3(3):183-190.

Prevention Adolescents Suicide: Ecological Perspective

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 151 - 164, 01.01.2015

Öz

How adolescents suicide can be prevention according to ecological perspective is dissucced in this study. Primary prevention studies for adolescent suicide is critical for counseling and guidance field. According to the ecological perspective, it is not possible to describe by a single factor adolescents suicide. Many factors increase the risk of suicidal adolescents together. Therefore in prevention studies these factors must be taken into consideration together. In this way prevention studies can be more efficient. The point that is emphasized in this study is a prevention study can not be effective when planned according to a system of echological approach. Multi-dimensional prevention studies is considered to be more effective

Kaynakça

  • Adams, D. M., Overholser, J. C., Lehnert, K. L. (1994). Perceived Family Functioning and Adolescent Suicidal Behavior. Journal of The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psiychiatry. 33 4, 498- 508.
  • AFSP (2014). Facts and figures. American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. www.afsp.org. adresinden erişildi.
  • Agerbo, E., Nordentoft, M., & Mortensen, P. B. (2002). Familial, psychiatric, and socioeconomic risk factors for suicide in young people: nested case-control study. Bmj, 325(7355), 74.
  • Akman, Y. (2002). Okullarda Konsültasyon Çalışmaları ve Ruh Sağlığı Konsültasyon Modeli. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, II(18): 7-13.
  • Allision, S., Roeger, L., Martin G. & Keeves, J. (2001). Gender differences in the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation in young adolescents. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 35(4), 498-507.
  • Araki, S., & Murata, K. (1986). Factors affecting suicide in young, middle-aged and elderly men. Journal of biosocial science, 18(1), 103-108.
  • Arıcıoğlu, A., & Tagay, Ö. (2008). Okullarda ruh sağlığı hizmetleri. Kuramsal Eğitimbilim Dergisi, 1(2), 76-83.
  • Aşkin, R. (1999). Depresyon el kitabı. İstanbul: Roche Müstahzarları San. A.Ş.
  • Atzaba‐Poria, N., Pike, A., & Deater‐Deckard, K. (2004). Do risk factors for problem behaviour act in a cumulative manner? An examination of ethnic minority and majority children through an ecological perspective. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(4), 707-718.
  • Ayyash‐Abdo, H. (2002). Adolescent suicide: An ecological approach. Psychology in the Schools, 39(4), 459-475.
  • Beautrais, A. L. (2002). Gender issues in youth suicidal behaviour. Emergency Medicine, 14(1), 35-42.
  • Borowsky, I, W., Ireland, M. & Resnick, M..D. (2001). Adolescent Suicide Attempts: Risks and Protectors.” Pediatrics. 107, Issue 3, March:485- 498.
  • Brent, D.A. (1997). Family History of Suicide is Risk Factor for Teens. Brown University Child & Adolescent Behavior Letter.13(2): 5-9.
  • Bridge, J. A., Goldstein, T. R., & Brent, D. A. (2006). Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(3‐4), 372-394.
  • Capuzzi, D., & Golden, L. (2013). Preventing adolescent suicide. Indiana: Routledge.
  • Clark, T. C. (2007). Factors Associated with Reduced Depression and Suicide Risk Among Maori High School Students New Zealand. ProQuest.
  • Conyne, R. (1994). Preventive counseling. Counseling and Human Developmant, 27(1), 1-10.
  • Çölbaşi, A. (1994). Adölesan intihar girişimlerinde rol oynayan çeşitli risk faktörleri. (Yayımlanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi). İstanbul: TC Sağlık Bakanlığı İstanbul Şişli Etfal Hastanesi.
  • Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122-131.
  • Donahue, M. J., & Benson, P. L. (1995). Religion and the well‐being of adolescents. Journal of Social Issues, 51(2), 145-160.
  • Eisenberg, M. E., & Resnick, M. D. (2006). Suicidality among gay, lesbian and bisexual youth: The role of protective factors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(5), 662- 668.
  • Fang, C. K., Lu, H. C., Liu, S. I., & Sun, Y. W. (2011). Religious beliefs along the suicidal path in northern Taiwan. OMEGA--Journal of Death and Dying, 63(3), 255-269.
  • Flouri, E. & Buchanan, A. (2003). The productive role of parental involvement in adolescent suicide. Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of Oxford, UK Available online. Sience Direct.
  • Gredler, M. E. (2001).Learning and Instruction: Theory into Practice. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River.
  • Gutierrez, P. M. (2006). Integratively assessing risk and protective factors for adolescent suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 36(2), 129-135.
  • Hawton, K., Saunders, K. E., & O'Connor, R. C. (2012). Self-harm and suicide in adolescents. The Lancet, 379(9834), 2373-2382.
  • Headley, S. (1999). Suicide. Youth Studies Australia, 18 (3), 63 (1/2).
  • Hehherington, M. E. & Parke, R.D. (1986). Child psychology: A contemporary viewpoint. New York: Mc Graw_ Hill Book Company.
  • Henry, C. S. & Stephenson, A.L. (1993). Adolescent suicide and families: an ecological approach. Adolescence, 28, (110): 291-309.
  • Horesh, N., Rolnick, T., Iancu, I., Dannon, P., Lepkifker, E., Apter, A., & Kotler, M. (1996). Coping styles and suicide risk. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 93(6), 489-493.
  • Kaminski, J. W., & Fang, X. (2009). Victimization by peers and adolescent suicide in three US samples. The Journal of pediatrics, 155(5), 683-688.
  • Kazi, T. B., & Karodia, A. M. (2013). The relationship between religiosity and suicidal tendencies in Muslim university students in Durban, South Africa. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter) 1(8):25.41.
  • Kennedy,S., Baraff, L.J., Suddath, R.L. & Rasarniw, J. (2004). Suicidal adolescents. Pediatrics. 43 (4): 452-460.
  • King, C. A., Foster, C. E., & Rogalski, K. M. (2013). Teen Suicide Risk: A Practitioner Guide to Screening, Assessment, and Management. Guilford Press.
  • Korkut, F. (2004). Okul temelli önleyici rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Kulaksizoğlu, A. (1999). Ergenlik Psikolojisi. İstanbul:Remzi Kitapevi.
  • Leenaars, A. (2005). Effective public health strategies in suicide prevention are possible: a selective review of recent studies. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 2(1), 21-31.
  • Long, D. D., & Miller, B. J. (1991). Suicidal tendency and multiple sclerosis. Health & social work, 16(2), 104-109.
  • Maine, S., Shute, R., & Martin, G. (2001). Educating parents about youth suicide: Knowledge, response to suicidal statements, attitudes, and intention to help. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 31(3), 320-332.
  • MEB. (2003) Okullarımızda İntihar ve Suç Araştırma Raporu. Özel Eğitim Rehberlik ve Danışma Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü: Ankara.
  • Miller, D. N. (2012). Child and adolescent suicidal behavior: School- based prevention, assessment and intervention. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Müderrisoğlu, S. (2002). Adölesan döneminde karşılaşılan intihar eğilimlerinde aile içi duygusal ve fiziksel istismar ile depresyonun etkileri. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi.
  • Okucu, R. (1988). Ergenlik çağı intihar girişimlerinde psiko-sosyal etmenler. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi.
  • Oltmanns, F.T & Emery, R.E. (1995). Abnormal Psychology. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall. Inc.
  • Reifman, A. & Windle, M. (1995). Adolescent suicidal behaviors as a function of depression, hopelessness, alcohol use, and social support: a longitudinal investigation. American Journal of Community Psychology. 23, No. 3, June: 329 (26).
  • Romano, J.L. & Hage, S. M. (2000). Prevention and counseling psychology: revitalizing commitments for the 21st century. The counseling psychologist. 28 (6). 733-763.
  • Sayar, K., Öztürk, M. & Acar, B. (2000). İlaçla özkıyım girişiminde bulunan ergenlerde belirleyici olarak aleksitimi, umutsuzluk ve depresyon: karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 7(1): 17-24.
  • Schiamberg, L. (2004). An Ecological Perspective to an Intergenerational Family Problem Case Study for Chapter 13 Michigan State University, East Lansing Daphna Gans, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
  • Siyez, D. M. (2005). Prevention of Suicides During Adolescence: A Review. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 12(2), 92-101.
  • Şener, Ş. & Şenol, S. (1996). İntihar girişimleri ile başvuran ergenlerin değerlendirilmesi ve kısa süreli izlenimi. 3P Dergisi . 4, 2: 100-107.
  • Queralt, M. (1993). Risk factors associated with completed suicide in Latino. Adolescence. 28(112):831-851.
  • Vannatta, R. A. (1997). Adolescent gender differences in suicide-related behaviors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26(5), 559-568.
  • Vera, E. M., & Polanin, M. K. (2012). Prevention and Counseling psychology: A simple yet difficult commitment içinde 3-18 The Oxford Handbook of Prevention in Counseling Psychology. (ed.:E. Vera).New York: Oxford Press.
  • Wichstrİm, L. (2000). Predictors of adolescent suicide attempts: a nationally representative longitudinal study of Norwegian adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(5), 603-610.
  • Woods, E. R.& Lin, Y.G. (1997). The associations of suicide attempts in adolescents. Pediatrics, 99 (6):791-797.
  • Terzi-Unsal, S., & Kapci, E. G. (2005). Risk factors for suicidal behavior: psychosocial risk models with Turkish adolescents. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 33(6).
  • Tezcan, E., Oğuzhanoğlu, N.K. & Ülkeroğlu, F. (1995). Çocuk ve ergenlerde intihar girişimleri. Kriz Dergisi 3, 1-2 Sosyal Psikiyatri Sempozyumu Özel Sayı.
  • Torgler, B., & Schaltegger, C. A. (2012). Suicide and religion: new evidence on the differences between Protstantism And Catholicism. CREMA Gellertstrasse 18 CH - 4052 Basel www.crema-research.ch: 1-41. TUİK (2013). Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanım (Date of http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=13569 05.06.2014) access
  • Turgay, A. (1992). Çocuk ve gençlerde intihar girişimleri. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 3(3):183-190.
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Dilek Gençtanırım Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gençtanırım, D. (2015). ERGEN İNTİHARLARININ ÖNLENMESİ: EKOLOJİK BAKIŞ AÇISI. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 151-164.

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