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A Systematic Review of Studies on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools in Programming Education

Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1 31 Ocak 2026
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A Systematic Review of Studies on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools in Programming Education

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Purpose: This study aims to systematically review the existing literature on using Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen-AI) tools in programming education and assess their impact on educational processes. Method: In the study, the systematic review method was adopted, following the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram guidelines. As part of the literature review, the Web of Science, ACM, IEEE, Scopus, Springer Link, Google Scholar, and The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye - National Academic Network and Information Center (TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM) databases were searched. The studies on using Gen-AI tools in programming education were compiled based on the research questions. Findings: As a result of the literature review, 27 studies that met the specified criteria were analyzed. It was found that the majority of these studies were conducted with undergraduate students and generally focused on Python as the programming language. The most commonly used AI tool was ChatGPT. It was observed that a significant number of the studies reviewed focused on students' cognitive support gains, computational thinking skills, and their effects on their academic achievement and motivation. Highlights: The reviews revealed that there was a significant increase in the number of academic studies on the use of Gen-AI tools in programming education, especially in 2024. However, the fact that there are only three studies on this subject in Türkiye shows that there is a big gap in the local literature. In this respect, it is thought that local studies on integrating AI tools into programming education should be increased, and there is great potential in this field.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Programming Education, Artificial Intelligence, Large Language Model, Chatbot, ChatGPT

Kaynakça

  1. Alonso-García, S., Aznar-Díaz, I., Caceres-Reche, M. P., Trujillo-Torres, J. M., & Romero-Rodríguez, J. M. (2019). Systematic review of good teaching practices with ICT in Spanish Higher Education. Trends and Challenges for Sustainability. Sustainability, 11(24), 7150.
  2. Aromataris, E., and Pearson, A. (2014). The systematic review: an overview. AJN The American Journal of Nursing 114 (3), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000444496.24228.2c
  3. Aydın, N., & Erdem, O. A. (2022). A research on the new generation artificial intelligence technology generative pretraining transformer 3. In 2022 3rd International Informatics and Software Engineering Conference (IISEC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IISEC56263.2022.9998298
  4. Baidoo-Anu, D., & Ansah, L. O. (2023). Education in the era of generative artificial intelligence (AI): Understanding the potential benefits of ChatGPT in promoting teaching and learning. Journal of AI, 7(1), 52-62. https://doi.org/10.61969/jai.1337500
  5. Balreira, D. G., Silveira, T. L. D., & Wickboldt, J. A. (2023). Investigating the impact of adopting Python and C languages for introductory engineering programming courses. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 31(1), 47-62. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22570
  6. Basnet, R. B., Doleck, T., Lemay, D. J., & Bazelais, P. (2018). Exploring computer science students’ continuance intentions to use Kattis. Education and Information Technologies, 23, 1145-1158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-017-9658-2
  7. Becker, B. A., Denny, P., Finnie-Ansley, J., Luxton-Reilly, A., Prather, J., & Santos, E. A. (2023). Programming is hard—or at least it used to be: Educational opportunities and challenges of AI code generation. In Proceedings of the 54th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 1 (pp. 500–506). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3545945.3569759
  8. Bennedsen, J., & Caspersen, M. E. (2007). Failure rates in introductory programming. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 39(2), 32-36. https://doi.org/10.1145/1272848.1272879
  9. Brown, T. B., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J. D., Dhariwal, P., Neelakantan, A., Shyam, P., Sastry, G., Askell, A., Agarwal, S., Herbert‑Voss, A., Krueger, G., Henighan, T., Child, R., Ramesh, A., Ziegler, D. M., Wu, J., Winter, C., Hesse, C., Chen, M., Sigler, E., Litwin, M., Gray, S., Chess, B., Clark, J., Berner, C., McCandlish, S., Radford, A., Sutskever, I., & Amodei, D. (2020). In Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS '20). Curran Associates Inc.
  10. Cao, C. (2023). Scaffolding CS1 courses with a large language model-powered intelligent tutoring system. In Companion Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (pp. 229-232). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3581754.3584111

Kaynak Göster

APA
Özgül, E. (2026). A Systematic Review of Studies on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools in Programming Education. Kastamonu Education Journal, 34(1), 172-185. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.1878122
AMA
1.Özgül E. A Systematic Review of Studies on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools in Programming Education. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi. 2026;34(1):172-185. doi:10.24106/kefdergi.1878122
Chicago
Özgül, Emre. 2026. “A Systematic Review of Studies on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools in Programming Education”. Kastamonu Education Journal 34 (1): 172-85. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.1878122.
EndNote
Özgül E (01 Ocak 2026) A Systematic Review of Studies on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools in Programming Education. Kastamonu Education Journal 34 1 172–185.
IEEE
[1]E. Özgül, “A Systematic Review of Studies on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools in Programming Education”, Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, c. 34, sy 1, ss. 172–185, Oca. 2026, doi: 10.24106/kefdergi.1878122.
ISNAD
Özgül, Emre. “A Systematic Review of Studies on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools in Programming Education”. Kastamonu Education Journal 34/1 (01 Ocak 2026): 172-185. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.1878122.
JAMA
1.Özgül E. A Systematic Review of Studies on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools in Programming Education. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi. 2026;34:172–185.
MLA
Özgül, Emre. “A Systematic Review of Studies on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools in Programming Education”. Kastamonu Education Journal, c. 34, sy 1, Ocak 2026, ss. 172-85, doi:10.24106/kefdergi.1878122.
Vancouver
1.Emre Özgül. A Systematic Review of Studies on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools in Programming Education. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi. 01 Ocak 2026;34(1):172-85. doi:10.24106/kefdergi.1878122