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GÜZEL SANATLAR LİSESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNDEKİ MÜZİK PERFORMANS KAYGISINI AZALTMAYA YÖNELİK PSİKO-EĞİTİM PROGRAMININ İŞLEVSELLİĞİ

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 311 - 328, 15.01.2015

Uğur Doğan Murat İskender

Öz

Araştırmada Doğan (2013)’nın çalışmasındaki Müzik Performans Kaygısı (MPK) için geliştirilen Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi temel alınarak, modelin psiko-eğitim programı ile sınanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla hazırlanan 12 oturumluk Psiko-eğitim Programı, Bolu Güzel Sanatlar Lisesi (GSL) Müzik Bölümüne devam eden 11. ve 12. sınıf öğrencilerine uygulanmıştır. Araştırma ’da 2x3’lük split plot deseni kullanılmıştır. Bulgulara göre, MPK’ında müdahale*zaman etkisinin anlamlı olduğu görülmüş, “MPK’nı Azaltmaya Yönelik Psiko-eğitim Programının” MPK’nı azaltmada etkili olduğunu ve bu etkinin iki aylık izleme sonunda da kalıcılığını korumakla birlikte artarak devam ettiğini ortaya koymuştur. Sonuçlara göre, Psiko-eğitim programının Doğan (2013)’ın elde ettiği modeli doğruladığı görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

müzik performans kaygısı psiko-eğitim programı güzel sanatlar lisesi öğrencileri

Kaynakça

  • Acar, N. V. (2007). Grupla psikolojik danışmada alıştırma teknikleri (3. baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Altınay, D. (1999). Psikodrama grup terapisi 300 ısınma oyunu (2. baskı). İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
  • Appel, S. S. (1974). Modifying solo performance anxiety in adult pianists. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Columbia University, New York, United States of America.
  • Britsch, L. (2005). Investigating performance-related problems of young musicians. Medical Prob- lems of Performing Artists, 20(1), 40-47.
  • Brodsky, W. and Sloboda, J. A. (1997). Clinical trial of a music generated vibrotactile therapeutic environment for musicians: main effects and outcome differences between therapy subgroups. Journal of Music Therapy, 34(1), 2-32.
  • Brown, N. W. (2005). Psychoeducatioanl groups: process and practice (2. ed.). New York: Brun- ner-Routledge.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (7. baskı). Ankara: PegemA Yayıncılık.
  • Chang, J. C. (2001). Effect of meditation on music performance anxiety. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Columbia University, Teachers College, United States of America.
  • Clark, D. B. and Agras, W. S. (1991). The assessment and treatment of performance anxiety in musicians. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 148(5), 598-605.
  • Cooper, C. L. and Wills, G. I. D. (1989). Popular musicians under pressure. Psychology of Music, 17(1), 22-36.
  • Deen, D. R. (1999). Awareness and breathing: keys to the moderation of musical performance anxi- ety. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of Kentucky, United States of America.
  • DeLucia-Waack, J. L. (2006). Leading psychoeducatioanl groups for children and adolescents. Ca- lifornia: Sage Publications.
  • Doğan, U. (2013). Performans kaygısını yordayan değişkenlerin yordanması ve buna yönelik psi- koeğitim programıın işlevselliği. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eğitimde Psikolojik Hizmetler Programı, Sakarya.
  • Esplen, M. J. and Hodnett, E. (1999). A pilot study investigating student musicians’ experiences of guided imagery as a technique to manage performance anxiety. Medical Problems of Perfor- ming Artists, 14(3), 127-132.
  • Fehm, L. and Schmidt, K. (2006). Performance anxiety in gifted adolescent musicians. journal of anxiety disorders, 20(1), 98-109.
  • Fishbein, M., Middlestadt, S. E., Ottati, V., Straus, S. and Ellis, A. (1988). Medıcal problems among ıcsom musıcıans - overvıew of a natıonal survey. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 3(1), 1-8.
  • Furr, S. R. (2000). Structuring the group experience: A format for designing psychoeducational gro- ups. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 25(1), 29-49. doi: 10.1080/01933920008411450
  • Gratto, S. D. (1998). The effectiveness of an audition anxiety workshop in reducing stress. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 13(1), 29-34.
  • Grishman, A. (1989). Musicians’ performance anxiety: the effectiveness of modified progressive muscle relaxation in reducing physiological, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms of anxiety. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
  • Harris, D. A. (2001). Using b-blockers to control stage fright: a dancer’s dilemma. Medical Prob- lems of Performing Artists, 16(2), 72-76.
  • Harris, S. R. (1987). Brief cognitive-behavioral group counselling for musical performance anxiety. Journal of the International Society for the Study of Tension in Performance, 4, 3-10.
  • Kağan, S. (2006). Bilişsel davranışcı terapiye dayalı mükemmeliyetçilik eğitiminin sporcuların mü- kemmeliyetçilik, başarı güdüsü ve başarısızlık korkusu üzerine etkisi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Kendrick, M. J., Craig, K. D., Lawson, D. M. and Davidson, P. O. (1982). Cognitive and behavioral the- rapy for musical-performance anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50(3), 353.
  • Kenny, D. T., Davis, P. and Oates, J. (2004). Music performance anxiety and occupational stress amongst opera chorus artists and their relationship with state and trait anxiety and perfectio- nism. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 18(6), 757-777.
  • Kenny, D. T. and Osborne, M. S. (2006). Music performance anxiety: new ınsights from young musicians. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 2(2), 103-112.
  • Kim, Y. (2005). Combined treatment of ımprovisation and esensitization to alleviate music performance anxiety in female college pianists: a pilot study. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 20(1), 17-24.
  • Lazarus, A. A. and Abramovitz, A. (2004). A multimodal behavioral approach to performance anxi- ety. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(8), 831-840.
  • Leahy, R. L. (2010). Bilişsel terapi yöntemleri (2. baskı). Ankara: HYB Basım Yayın.
  • LeBlanc, A., Jin, Y. C., Obert, M. and Siivola, C. (1997). Effect of audience on music performance anxiety. Journal of Research in Music Education, 45(3), 480-496.
  • Mansberger, N. B. (1988). The effects of performance anxiety management training on musicians’ self-efficacy, state anxiety and musical performance quality. Unpublished Master Thesis, Wes- tern Michigan University, United States.
  • Mcgrath, C. E. (2012). Music performance anxiety therapies: a review of the literature. Unpublished Doc- toral Thesis, University of Illinois, Art in Music in the Graduate College, United States of America.
  • Montello, L., Coons, E. E. and Kantor, J. (1990). The use of group music therapy as a treatment for musical performance stress. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 5(1), 49-57.
  • Nagel, J. J. (1993). Stage fright in musicians: a psychodynamic perspective. Bulletin of The Men- ninger Clinic, 57(4), 492-503.
  • Nagel, J. J., Himle, D. P. and Papsdorf, J. D. (1989). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of musical performance anxiety. Pyschology of Music, 17(1), 12-21.
  • Nideffer, R. M. and Hessler, N. D. (1978). Controlling performance anxiety. College Music Sympo- sium, 18, 146-153.
  • Niemann, B. K., Pratt, R. R. and Maughan, M. L. (1993). Biofeedback training, selected coping strategies, and music relaxation ınterventions to reduce debilitative musical performance anxi- ety. International Journal of Arts Medicine, 2, 7-15.
  • Osborne, M. S. and Kenny, D. T. (2008). The role of sensitizing experiences in music performance anxiety in adolescent musicians. Psychology of Music, 36(4), 447-462.
  • Palancı, M. (2009). Lise ve üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal kaygı problemlerini gidermeye yönelik gerçek- lik terapisi oryantasyonlu yardım programı. In S. Erkan ve A. Kaya (Edt.). Deneysel olarak sınanmış grupla psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik programları II (2. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Palancı, M. and Doğan, U. (2013). Music performance anxiety scale for high school students: vali- dity and reliability study. Dünya Psikolojik Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Kongresinde sunulmuş bildiri. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, Istanbul.
  • Park, J. E. (2010). The relationshiop between musical performance anxiety, healthy lifestyle factors, and substance use among young adult classical musicians: ımplications for training and educa- tion. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Columbia University, New York, United States of America.
  • Patston, T. (1996). Performance anxiety in opera singers. Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Sydney, Sydney Conservatorium of Music, Australia.
  • Raeburn, S. D., Hipple, J., Delaney, W. ve Chesky, K. (2003). Surveying popular musicians’ health status using convenience samples. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 18(3), 113-119.
  • Roland, D. J. (1993). The development and evaluation of a modified cognitive-behavioural treat- ment for musical performance anxiety. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of Wollon- gong, Department of Psychology, Australia.
  • Ryan, C. (1998). Exploring musical performance anxiety in children. Medical Problems of Perfor- ming Artists, 13(3), 83-88.
  • Ryan, C. (2004). Gender differences in children’s experience of musical performance anxiety. Psychology of Music, 32(1), 89-103.
  • Ryan, C. (2005). Experience of musical performance anxiety in elementary school children. Inter- national Journal of Stress Management, 12(4), 331-342.
  • Sapmaz, F. (2011). Bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşıma dayalı grupla psikolojik danışmanın sosyal ank- siyete, reddedilme duyarlılığı ve kişilerarası duyarlılık üzerine etkisi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Sakarya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya.
  • Shoup, D. (1995). Survey of performance-related problems among high school and junior high school musicians. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 10, 100-105.
  • Simon, J. A. and Martens, R. (1979). Children’s anxiety in sport and nonsport evaluative activities. Journal of Sport Psychology, 45, 480-496.
  • Stanton, H. E. (1994). Reduction of performance anxiety in music students. Australian Psycholo- gist, 29(2), 124-127.
  • Steptoe, A. (1989). Stress, coping and stage fright in professional musicians. Psychology of Music, 17(1), 3-11. doi: 10.1177/0305735689171001
  • Steptoe, A. and Fidler, H. (1987). Stage fright in orchestral musicians: a study of cognitive and behavioural strategies in performance anxiety. British Journal of Psychology, 78(2), 241-249.
  • Sweeney-Burton, C. (1997). Effects of self-relaxation techniques training of performance anxiety and on performance quality in a music performance condition. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, The University of North Carolina, Faculty of Graduate School, United States of America.
  • Sweeney, G. A. and Horan, J. J. (1982). Separate and combined effects of cue-controlled relaxation and cognitive restructuring in the treatment of musical performance anxiety. Journal of Coun- seling Psychology, 29(5), 486.
  • van Kemenade, J. F. L. M., van Son, M. J. M. and van Heesch, N. C. A. (1995). Performance anxi- ety among professional musicians in symphonic orchestras: a self-report study. Psychological Reports, 77(2), 555-562.
  • Van McKinney, H. (1984). The effects of thermal biofeedback training on musical performance and performance anxiety. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of Northern Colorado, School of Music, United States of America.
  • Wardle, A. (1969). Behavioral modification by reciprocal ınhibition of ınstrumental music performance anxiety. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, The Florida State University, United States of America.
  • Wesner, R. B., Noyes, R. and Davis, T. L. (1990). The occurence of performance anxiety among musicians. Journal of Affective Disorders, 18(3), 177-185.

THE FUNCTIONALITY OF A PSYCHO-EDUCATION PROGRAMME FOR REDUCING MUSIC PERFORMANCE ANXIETY AMONG STUDENTS AT HIGH SCHOOL OF FINE ARTS

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 311 - 328, 15.01.2015

Uğur Doğan Murat İskender

Öz

This research tested the psycho-education program developed by Doğan (2013) to alleviate musical performance anxiety (MPA) using structural equation modeling (SEM). A 12-session psycho-education program prepared for this purpose was offered to 11th and 12th grade students in the Music Department at Bolu High School of Fine Arts (HSFA). A 2x3 split plot pattern was used. According to the findings, intervention*time had a significant effect on MPA and the program was effective in reducing MPA; this effect was permanent and continued to increase after the program ended. Moreover, the psycho-education program supported Doğan’s model.

Anahtar Kelimeler

music performance anxiety psycho-education program high school of fine arts students

Kaynakça

  • Acar, N. V. (2007). Grupla psikolojik danışmada alıştırma teknikleri (3. baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Altınay, D. (1999). Psikodrama grup terapisi 300 ısınma oyunu (2. baskı). İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
  • Appel, S. S. (1974). Modifying solo performance anxiety in adult pianists. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Columbia University, New York, United States of America.
  • Britsch, L. (2005). Investigating performance-related problems of young musicians. Medical Prob- lems of Performing Artists, 20(1), 40-47.
  • Brodsky, W. and Sloboda, J. A. (1997). Clinical trial of a music generated vibrotactile therapeutic environment for musicians: main effects and outcome differences between therapy subgroups. Journal of Music Therapy, 34(1), 2-32.
  • Brown, N. W. (2005). Psychoeducatioanl groups: process and practice (2. ed.). New York: Brun- ner-Routledge.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (7. baskı). Ankara: PegemA Yayıncılık.
  • Chang, J. C. (2001). Effect of meditation on music performance anxiety. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Columbia University, Teachers College, United States of America.
  • Clark, D. B. and Agras, W. S. (1991). The assessment and treatment of performance anxiety in musicians. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 148(5), 598-605.
  • Cooper, C. L. and Wills, G. I. D. (1989). Popular musicians under pressure. Psychology of Music, 17(1), 22-36.
  • Deen, D. R. (1999). Awareness and breathing: keys to the moderation of musical performance anxi- ety. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of Kentucky, United States of America.
  • DeLucia-Waack, J. L. (2006). Leading psychoeducatioanl groups for children and adolescents. Ca- lifornia: Sage Publications.
  • Doğan, U. (2013). Performans kaygısını yordayan değişkenlerin yordanması ve buna yönelik psi- koeğitim programıın işlevselliği. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eğitimde Psikolojik Hizmetler Programı, Sakarya.
  • Esplen, M. J. and Hodnett, E. (1999). A pilot study investigating student musicians’ experiences of guided imagery as a technique to manage performance anxiety. Medical Problems of Perfor- ming Artists, 14(3), 127-132.
  • Fehm, L. and Schmidt, K. (2006). Performance anxiety in gifted adolescent musicians. journal of anxiety disorders, 20(1), 98-109.
  • Fishbein, M., Middlestadt, S. E., Ottati, V., Straus, S. and Ellis, A. (1988). Medıcal problems among ıcsom musıcıans - overvıew of a natıonal survey. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 3(1), 1-8.
  • Furr, S. R. (2000). Structuring the group experience: A format for designing psychoeducational gro- ups. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 25(1), 29-49. doi: 10.1080/01933920008411450
  • Gratto, S. D. (1998). The effectiveness of an audition anxiety workshop in reducing stress. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 13(1), 29-34.
  • Grishman, A. (1989). Musicians’ performance anxiety: the effectiveness of modified progressive muscle relaxation in reducing physiological, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms of anxiety. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
  • Harris, D. A. (2001). Using b-blockers to control stage fright: a dancer’s dilemma. Medical Prob- lems of Performing Artists, 16(2), 72-76.
  • Harris, S. R. (1987). Brief cognitive-behavioral group counselling for musical performance anxiety. Journal of the International Society for the Study of Tension in Performance, 4, 3-10.
  • Kağan, S. (2006). Bilişsel davranışcı terapiye dayalı mükemmeliyetçilik eğitiminin sporcuların mü- kemmeliyetçilik, başarı güdüsü ve başarısızlık korkusu üzerine etkisi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Kendrick, M. J., Craig, K. D., Lawson, D. M. and Davidson, P. O. (1982). Cognitive and behavioral the- rapy for musical-performance anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50(3), 353.
  • Kenny, D. T., Davis, P. and Oates, J. (2004). Music performance anxiety and occupational stress amongst opera chorus artists and their relationship with state and trait anxiety and perfectio- nism. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 18(6), 757-777.
  • Kenny, D. T. and Osborne, M. S. (2006). Music performance anxiety: new ınsights from young musicians. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 2(2), 103-112.
  • Kim, Y. (2005). Combined treatment of ımprovisation and esensitization to alleviate music performance anxiety in female college pianists: a pilot study. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 20(1), 17-24.
  • Lazarus, A. A. and Abramovitz, A. (2004). A multimodal behavioral approach to performance anxi- ety. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(8), 831-840.
  • Leahy, R. L. (2010). Bilişsel terapi yöntemleri (2. baskı). Ankara: HYB Basım Yayın.
  • LeBlanc, A., Jin, Y. C., Obert, M. and Siivola, C. (1997). Effect of audience on music performance anxiety. Journal of Research in Music Education, 45(3), 480-496.
  • Mansberger, N. B. (1988). The effects of performance anxiety management training on musicians’ self-efficacy, state anxiety and musical performance quality. Unpublished Master Thesis, Wes- tern Michigan University, United States.
  • Mcgrath, C. E. (2012). Music performance anxiety therapies: a review of the literature. Unpublished Doc- toral Thesis, University of Illinois, Art in Music in the Graduate College, United States of America.
  • Montello, L., Coons, E. E. and Kantor, J. (1990). The use of group music therapy as a treatment for musical performance stress. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 5(1), 49-57.
  • Nagel, J. J. (1993). Stage fright in musicians: a psychodynamic perspective. Bulletin of The Men- ninger Clinic, 57(4), 492-503.
  • Nagel, J. J., Himle, D. P. and Papsdorf, J. D. (1989). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of musical performance anxiety. Pyschology of Music, 17(1), 12-21.
  • Nideffer, R. M. and Hessler, N. D. (1978). Controlling performance anxiety. College Music Sympo- sium, 18, 146-153.
  • Niemann, B. K., Pratt, R. R. and Maughan, M. L. (1993). Biofeedback training, selected coping strategies, and music relaxation ınterventions to reduce debilitative musical performance anxi- ety. International Journal of Arts Medicine, 2, 7-15.
  • Osborne, M. S. and Kenny, D. T. (2008). The role of sensitizing experiences in music performance anxiety in adolescent musicians. Psychology of Music, 36(4), 447-462.
  • Palancı, M. (2009). Lise ve üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal kaygı problemlerini gidermeye yönelik gerçek- lik terapisi oryantasyonlu yardım programı. In S. Erkan ve A. Kaya (Edt.). Deneysel olarak sınanmış grupla psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik programları II (2. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Palancı, M. and Doğan, U. (2013). Music performance anxiety scale for high school students: vali- dity and reliability study. Dünya Psikolojik Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Kongresinde sunulmuş bildiri. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, Istanbul.
  • Park, J. E. (2010). The relationshiop between musical performance anxiety, healthy lifestyle factors, and substance use among young adult classical musicians: ımplications for training and educa- tion. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Columbia University, New York, United States of America.
  • Patston, T. (1996). Performance anxiety in opera singers. Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Sydney, Sydney Conservatorium of Music, Australia.
  • Raeburn, S. D., Hipple, J., Delaney, W. ve Chesky, K. (2003). Surveying popular musicians’ health status using convenience samples. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 18(3), 113-119.
  • Roland, D. J. (1993). The development and evaluation of a modified cognitive-behavioural treat- ment for musical performance anxiety. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of Wollon- gong, Department of Psychology, Australia.
  • Ryan, C. (1998). Exploring musical performance anxiety in children. Medical Problems of Perfor- ming Artists, 13(3), 83-88.
  • Ryan, C. (2004). Gender differences in children’s experience of musical performance anxiety. Psychology of Music, 32(1), 89-103.
  • Ryan, C. (2005). Experience of musical performance anxiety in elementary school children. Inter- national Journal of Stress Management, 12(4), 331-342.
  • Sapmaz, F. (2011). Bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşıma dayalı grupla psikolojik danışmanın sosyal ank- siyete, reddedilme duyarlılığı ve kişilerarası duyarlılık üzerine etkisi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Sakarya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya.
  • Shoup, D. (1995). Survey of performance-related problems among high school and junior high school musicians. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 10, 100-105.
  • Simon, J. A. and Martens, R. (1979). Children’s anxiety in sport and nonsport evaluative activities. Journal of Sport Psychology, 45, 480-496.
  • Stanton, H. E. (1994). Reduction of performance anxiety in music students. Australian Psycholo- gist, 29(2), 124-127.
  • Steptoe, A. (1989). Stress, coping and stage fright in professional musicians. Psychology of Music, 17(1), 3-11. doi: 10.1177/0305735689171001
  • Steptoe, A. and Fidler, H. (1987). Stage fright in orchestral musicians: a study of cognitive and behavioural strategies in performance anxiety. British Journal of Psychology, 78(2), 241-249.
  • Sweeney-Burton, C. (1997). Effects of self-relaxation techniques training of performance anxiety and on performance quality in a music performance condition. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, The University of North Carolina, Faculty of Graduate School, United States of America.
  • Sweeney, G. A. and Horan, J. J. (1982). Separate and combined effects of cue-controlled relaxation and cognitive restructuring in the treatment of musical performance anxiety. Journal of Coun- seling Psychology, 29(5), 486.
  • van Kemenade, J. F. L. M., van Son, M. J. M. and van Heesch, N. C. A. (1995). Performance anxi- ety among professional musicians in symphonic orchestras: a self-report study. Psychological Reports, 77(2), 555-562.
  • Van McKinney, H. (1984). The effects of thermal biofeedback training on musical performance and performance anxiety. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of Northern Colorado, School of Music, United States of America.
  • Wardle, A. (1969). Behavioral modification by reciprocal ınhibition of ınstrumental music performance anxiety. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, The Florida State University, United States of America.
  • Wesner, R. B., Noyes, R. and Davis, T. L. (1990). The occurence of performance anxiety among musicians. Journal of Affective Disorders, 18(3), 177-185.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA43FY43AH
Bölüm Derleme Makale
Yazarlar

Uğur Doğan Bu kişi benim

Murat İskender Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ocak 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Doğan, U., & İskender, M. (2015). THE FUNCTIONALITY OF A PSYCHO-EDUCATION PROGRAMME FOR REDUCING MUSIC PERFORMANCE ANXIETY AMONG STUDENTS AT HIGH SCHOOL OF FINE ARTS. Kastamonu Education Journal, 23(1), 311-328.

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