Gelişmekte Olan Piyasalar Kökenli Çok Uluslu İşletmelerin Uluslararasılaşma Stratejileri: Yılport Holding’in Yabancı Ülkelerdeki Liman Kentlerine Yapmış Olduğu Yatırımlar Örneği

Öz

Çok uluslu işletmelerin uluslararasılaşma stratejileri literatürü geleneksel olarak gelişmiş piyasalar kökenli çok uluslu işletmelerin faaliyet ve stratejilerini inceleyerek küreselleşme süreçlerinin de çarpan etkisiyle artan hızla daha da gelişmekte olan bir alandır. Fakat son yıllarda gelişmekte olan piyasalar kökenli çok uluslu işletmelerin, diğer ülkelere yapmış oldukları doğrudan yabancı yatırımların artmasıyla birlikte bu alan dikkat çekmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada gelişmekte olan piyasalar kökenli çok uluslu işletmelerin, uluslararası işletmecilik alanındaki ana akım kuramlara yapabilecekleri katkıları anlamak bu piyasalardan diğer ülkelere doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar gerçekleştiren işletmelerin, gelişmiş piyasalar kökenli çok uluslu işletmelerin uluslararasılaşma stratejilerinden ayrıldıkları noktalara odaklanmak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda gelişmekte olan piyasa statüsü taşıyan Türkiye’de konteyner terminal liman işletmeciliği alanında faaliyet gösteren ve son yıllarda gerek gelişmiş, gerek gelişmekte olan piyasalara yapmış oldukları doğrudan yabancı yatırımlarla dikkat çeken, ayrıca faaliyet göstermiş olduğu sektörde çok kısa bir süre içerisinde küresel ölçekte en büyük 11. firma olmayı başaran “Yılport Holding” bir vaka çalışması olarak incelenmiştir. Gelişmekte olan piyasa kökenli çok uluslu işletme olan Yılport Holding’in geleneksel uluslararasılaşma teorileriyle çelişerek, çok kısa bir süre içerisinde satınalmalar yoluyla hızlıca büyümesi, bunun yanında sahiplik avantajı açısından markalaşma, pazara giriş cesareti gibi konularda kendine benzer işletmelerden beklenmeyecek şekilde avantaj elde etmesi olgusu gelişmekte olan piyasalar kökenli çok uluslu işletmelerin bu piyasalarda doğmuş olmalarından kaynaklanan çeşitli dezavantajlarını bertaraf ederek, gelişmiş ülkeler kökenli çok uluslu işletmelere hızlı bir şekilde yetişme ve onları geçme çabası olarak açıklanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gelişmekte Olan Piyasalar Orijinli Çok Uluslu İşletmeler
• Uluslararasılaşma Stratejisi
• Vaka İncelemesi
• Yılport Holding

Internationalization Strategies of Emerging-Market Multinational Enterprises: The Case of Investments Made by Yılport Holding in Port Cities in Foreign Countries

Öz

The literature on internationalization strategies of multinational enterprises traditionally examines the activities and strategies of multinational enterprises originating from developed markets; besides, it is an area that is developing more rapidly with the multiplier effect of globalization processes. However, in recent years, this field has started to attract attention with the increase in foreign direct investments made by multinational enterprises originating from emerging markets to other countries. In this study, it is aimed to understand the contributions that multinational enterprises originating from emerging markets can make to mainstream theories in the field of international business, and to focus on the differences between emerging-market multinational enterprises and developed market multinational enterprises in terms of internationalization strategies. In this context, Yılport Holding, which is a container terminal operator in Turkey, and recently attracted attention with its foreign direct investments in both developed and emerging markets, by being the 11th largest company on a global scale in a very short time, has been examined as a case study. The fact that Yılport Holding, a multinational company originating from the emerging market, has grown rapidly through acquisitions in a very short time, as well as gaining an unexpected advantage in terms of ownership advantage, branding and courage to enter the market, are all in contradiction with traditional internationalization theories. These can be explained as the efforts of multinational enterprises originating from emerging markets to quickly catch up with and surpassing multinational enterprises originating from developed countries by eliminating various disadvantages arising from these markets.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Emerging Market Multinational Enterprises
• Internationalization Strategy
• Case Study
• Yılport Holding

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