Leaf Stomatal Characteristics of Some Species in Bush Form Used in Kastamonu Urban Landscape

Öz

Günümüzde hızla artan nüfus, betonlaşma, hava kirliliği, trafik yoğunluğu gibi birçok sorunu da beraberinde getirmiştir. Kentsel peyzaj için önemli bir unsur olan park ve bahçelerin kentlerde insan-doğa ilişkisini dengelemekle kalmayıp kentsel yaşam koşullarını iyileştirdiği bilinmektedir. İnsanların rekreasyon ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak, kaybolan doğayı geri kazanmak ve sağlıklı yaşam alanları oluşturmak için kentsel alanları işlevsel ve estetik açıdan değerlendiren park ve bahçeler son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Kastamonu ilinde park, bahçe ve merkezi refüj çevre düzenleme çalışmalarında kullanılan Buxus microphylla Siebold & Zucc., Prunus laurocerasus L, Ligustrum delavayanum Har., Berberis thunbergii DC., Ilex aquifolium L., Euonymus japonicus Wall. var. aureomarginatus Rehder, Cotoneaster lacteus W.W.Sm., Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt., Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem. türlerinin yaprak stoma özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Mikromorfolojik incelemeler ile çalışmada kullanılan türler üzerinde SEM ile stoma özellikleri belirlendi. Türler üzerinde birim alandaki stoma yoğunluğuna göre en yüksek stoma yoğunluğuna Pyracantha coccinea türünün (81), minimum stoma yoğunluğunun ise Cotoneaster lacteus türünün (10) sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ortalama en uzun stoma uzunluğuna Prunus laurocerasus (34.82 µm), en kısa stoma uzunluğuna Mahoni aquifolium'un (7.183 µm) sahip olduğu belirlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kastamonu
• Mikromorfolojik Karakterler
• SEM
• stoma

Leaf Stomatal Characteristics of Some Species in Bush Form Used in Kastamonu Urban Landscape

Öz

Nowadays, the rapidly increasing population has brought many problems such as building concrete structures everywhere, air pollution, and traffic congestion. It is known that parks and gardens, which are an important element for the urban landscape, not only balance the human-nature relationship in cities, but also improve urban living conditions. Parks and gardens that utilize urban areas in a functional and aesthetic way to meet the recreational needs of people, to recover the lost nature and to create healthy living spaces are extremely important. In this study, it was aimed to determine the leaf stomatal characteristics of Buxus microphylla Siebold & Zucc., Prunus laurocerasus L, Ligustrum delavayanum Har., Berberis thunbergii DC., Ilex aquifolium L., Euonymus japonicus Wall. var. aureomarginatus Rehder, Cotoneaster lacteus W.W.Sm., Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt., Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem. species, one of the species used in the park, garden and central landscaping studies in Kastamonu province. With micromorphological investigations, stomatal characteristics were determined by SEM on the species used in the study. With respect to stomatal density in the unit area on species, it was determined that Pyracantha coccinea species had the maximum stomatal density (81) while Cotoneaster lacteus species had the minimum stomatal density (10). Furthermore, it was determined that Prunus laurocerasus (34.82 µm) had mean the longest stomatal length and Mahoni aquifolium (7.183 µm) had the mean shortest stomatal length.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kastamonu
• micromorphological characteristic
• SEM
• stoma

Kaynakça

1. Akman, Y., & Güney, K. (2010). Bitki Biyolojisi Botanik. Ankara: Palme Yayıncılık.
2. Avcı, M. (1993). Türkiye'nin Flora Bölgeleri ve Anadolu Diagonali'ne Coğrafi Bir Yaklaşım. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 225-248.
3. Carpenter, K.J. (2005). Stomatal architecture and evolution in basal angiosperms. American Journal of Botany, 92, 1595–1615.
4. Çağlar, S., Sütyemez, M., & Beyazıt, S. (2004). Seçilmiş bazı ceviz (Juglans regia) tiplerinin stoma yoğunlukları. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 169-174.
5. Dempsey, D., Hook, I. (2000). Yew (Taxus) Specıes – Chemıcal And Morphologıcal Varıatıons. Pharmaceutical Biology. 38, No. 4, pp. 274–280.
6. Denk, T., Güner, H.T., Grimm, G.W. (2014). From mesic to arid: leaf epidermal features suggest preadaptation in Miocene dragon trees (Dracaena). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 200, 211–228.
7. Edeoga, H.O., Ikem, C.I. (2001). Comparative morphology of leaf epidermis in three species of Boerhhavia L. (Nyctaginaceae). Journal of Plant Anatomic Morphology, 1, 14–21.
8. Galmés, J., Medrano, H., Jaume, F. (2007). Photosynthetic Limitations in Response to Water Stress And Recovery in Mediterranean Plants With Different Growth Forms, New Phytologist, DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02087.x

9. Gazanchian, A., Hajheidari, M., Sima, N.K., Salekdeh, G.H. (2007). Proteome response of Elymus elongatum to severe water stres and recovery. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58, 291–300.
10. Holloway, P. J., (1993). Plant Cuticles: Physicochemical Characteristics and Biosynthesis, Air Pollutants and Leaf Cuticle, ISBN-13:978-3-642-79083-6, e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-79081-2, 001: 10.1007/978-3-642-79081-2
11. Karabacak, E. (2009). Türkiye'nin Avrupa-Sibirya Fitocoğrafik Bölgesi'ndeki Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) cinsinin revizyonu. Çanakkale.
12. Kravkaz, I.S., Vurdu, H. (2010). Botany of Crocus ancyrensis through domestication. Acta Hort., 850, (61-65).
13. Kravkaz Kuscu, I.S., Karaoz, M.O. (2016). Developments in Science and Engineering, Importance of Soil Enzymes Application in Forestry, St. Kliment Ohridski University Press Sofia, Bulgaria, ISBN 978-954-07-4137-6; Chapter 9, 103-112.
14. Kaya, L. G., Cetin,M., & Doygun, H. (2009). A holistic approachin analyzing the landscape potential: Porsuk damLake and its environs, Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 18(8), 1525–1533.
15. Kong, H.Z. (2001). Comparative morphology of leaf epidermis in the Chloranthaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 136, 279–294.
16. Kumar, V.S.A., Murugan, K. (2013). Taxonomic significance of foliar micromorphology and their systematic relevance in the genus Solanum (Solanaceae). In: Abdulhameed S, Anu A, eds. Prospects in bioscience: addressing the issues. Kannur: Springer India, 343–349.
17. Liu, S., Liu, J., Cao, J., Bai, C., Shi, R. (2006). Stomatal distribution and character analysis of leaf epidermis of jujube under drought stress. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science, 34, 1315–1318.
18. Maiti, R., Rodríguez, H. G., Rodríguez, P. C., Balboa, J. G., Moncivais, M., Tijerina, H. A. D., & Kumari, A. (2016). Leaf surface anatomy in some woody plants from northeastern Mexico. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 48(5), 1825–1831.
19. Özel, H.B., Ertekin, M. (2012). The change of stand structure in Uludağ fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmuelleriana Mattf.) forests along an altitudinal gradient. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 12(3), 96-104.
20. Sevik, H. (2012). Variation in seedling morphology of Turkish fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmulleriana Mattf). African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(23), 6389-6395.
21. Sevik, H., Yahyaoglu, Z., & Turna, I. (2012). Determination of genetic variation between populations of Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmulleriana Mattf according to some seed characteristics. In Genetic diversity in plants (pp.231–248). InTech.
22. Şevik, H., Cetin M. (2015). Effects of water stress on seed germination for select landscape plants. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 24 (2), 689-693
23. Sevik H., Cetin M., Belkayali N., Güney K. (2016). Chapter 8: The Effect of Plants on Indoor Air Quality, Environmental Sustainability and Landscape Management, ST. Kliment Ohridski University Press, Eds: Recep Efe, İsa Cürebal, Abdalla Gad, Brigitta Tóth, p:760, ISBN:978-954-07-4140-6, chapter page:138 -149
24. Shi, J.H., Li, L.Q. (2003). Leaf epidermal feature in Clematis (Ranunculaceae) with reference to its systematic significance. Acta Botanica Sinica, 45, 257–268.
25. Topacoglu, O., Sevik, H., Akkuzu, E. (2016). Effects of Water Stress on Germination of Pinus nigra Arnold. Seeds, Pak. J. Bot., 48(2), 447-453 URL1. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=KASTAMONU, Erişim Tarihi 09/11/2018.
26. Weyers, J.D.B., Lawson, T. (1997). Heterogeneity in stomatal characteristics. Advances in Botanical Research, 26, 317-352.
27. Weyers, J.D.B., Lawson, T., Peng, Z-Y. (1997). Variation in stomatal characters at the whole-leaf level. In: van Gardingen PR, Foody GM, Curran PJ, eds. Scaling up from cell to landscape. SEB Seminar Series, 63. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univeristy Press, 129-149.
28. Yang, H.M., Wang, G.X. (2001). Leaf stomatal densities and distribution in Triticum aestivum under drought and CO2 enrichment. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 25, 312–316.
29. Yang, L., Han, M., Zhou, G., Li, J. (2007). The changes of water-use efficiency and stoma density of Leymus chinensis along Northeast China Transect. Acta Ecologica Sinica 27, 16-29.
30. Yentür, S. (2003). Bitki Anatomisi. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları.
31. Yılmaz, H., & Irmak, M. (2004). Atatürk Üniversitesi Merkez Yerleşimi Odunsu Bitkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9-16.
32. Yiğit, N., Sevik, H., Cetin, M., Kaya, N. (2016a). Determination of the Effect Of Drought Stress On The Seed Germination In Some Plant Species. Water stress, Intech Open, Editör:Ismail Md. Mofizur Rahman, Ph.D., Zinnat Ara Begum, Ph.D., Hiroshi Hasegawa, D.Sc., ISBN:978-953-51-4804-3.
33. Yigit, N., Sevik, H., Cetin, M., Gul, L. (2016b). Clonal Variation in Chemical Wood Characteristics in Hanönü (Kastamonu) Günlüburun Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) Seed Orchard. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 35(7), 515-526.
34. Zhang, Y.P., Wang, Z.M., Wu, Y.C., Zhang, X. (2006). Stomatal characteristics of different green organs in wheat under different irrigation regimes. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 32, 70–75.
35. Zhao, R.X., Zhang, Q.B., Wu, X.Y., Wang, Y. (2001). The effects of drought on epidermal cells and stomatal density of wheat leaves. Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology, 6, 6–7.
36. Zhou, W., Xia, N.H. (2012). Leaf epidermal features of Lithocarpus (Fagaceae) from China and their systematic significance. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 168, 216–228.
37. Xu, Z., Zhou, G. (2008). Responses of leaf stomatal density to water status and its relationship with photosynthesis in a grass. Journal of experimental botany, 59(12), 3317-3325.