Antropojen Kaynaklı Kentsel Isı Adası Etkisini Azaltmada Mekânsal Stratejiler; Bolu Kent Merkezi Örneği

Öz

Dünyada ve Türkiye’de kentlerin büyümesi ve kentleşme hareketleri ile mikro iklim yapısında değişimler yaşanmakta ve kentler ısınmaktadır. Özellikle antropojenik aktivitelerin yoğunlaşmasıyla kentsel alanlarda, iklim değişikliğinin etkilerinden biri olan "kentsel ısı adası" (KIA) etkisi ortaya çıkmaktadır. KIA etkisi; sıcaklık, nem, güneş ışınımı, rüzgar gibi meteorolojik faktörlere ek olarak morfo-tipolojik faktörleri oluşturan; bina yükseklikleri, bina tipolojisi, coğrafi konum, kent geometrisi, yüzey ve döşeme malzemesi seçimi vb. antropojen etkiler sonucunda meydana gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de yer alan Bolu kentinde kontrolsüz kentsel gelişme sebebiyle meydana gelen KIA etkisi tanımlanarak mevcut durum ortaya koyulmakta ve mekânsal öneriler geliştirilmektedir. Araştırma yöntemi olarak öncelikle literatür değerlendirmesi yapılmış ve KIA’yı etkileyen faktörler irdelenmiştir. Literatürden çıkarılan ana başlıklar çerçevesinde CBS (GIS) kullanılarak kentteki mevcut durum ve KIA etkisi tartışılmaktadır. Son olarak, KIA etkisini azaltmaya yönelik mekansal stratejiler, kentsel tasarım önerisi olarak şematik çerçevede verilmekte ve kentin gelecek yıllardaki gelişim eğilimini yönlendirecek bir yol haritası oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca, bu çalışma Bolu kent merkezi planlanma ve tasarımında akademi, meslek odaları, yerel yönetimler ve yerel halkın katılımıyla bütüncül, çevreye duyarlı stratejiler üretilmesine ve yeşil altyapı önerileriyle kentteki KIA etkisinin azaltılmasına rehberlik etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kentsel Isı Adası (KIA)
• İklim Değişikliği
• Bolu
• Mekansal Strateji
• Kentsel Tasarım

Spatial Strategies in Reducing Anthropogenic Urban Heat Island Impacts: The Case of Bolu City Center

Öz

ABSTRACT The growth and urbanization of cities in the world and in Turkey have resulted in changes in the micro-climate structure, and cities are heating up. The "urban heat island" (UHI) effect, which is one of the effects of climate change in urban areas, is emerging especially with the concentration of anthropogenic activities. UHI effect, in addition to meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind, morphological factors like building heights, building typology, geographic location, urban geometry, surface material selection, etc. is caused by anthropogenic effects. In this study, UHI effect which is caused by uncontrolled urban development in Bolu/ Turkey is identified and spatial strategies are developed. As a research method, the literature assessment was first taken and the factors affecting the UHI were investigated. Finally, the spatial strategies for reducing the UHI impact are given in the conceptual framework as a proposal for urban design and a roadmap that will guide the city's development trend in the coming years. In addition, this study guides the development of holistic, environmental-conscious strategies and the reduction of the UHI impact in the Bolu city center with green infrastructure proposals with academic, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), local governments and the participation of local people.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Urban Heat Island (UHI)
• climate change
• Bolu
• spatial strategy
• urban design

Kaynakça

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