Araştırma Makalesi

Spatial Patterns of Crime and Its Relationship with The Physical Environment: Chicago Case

Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3 15 Eylül 2023
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Spatial Patterns of Crime and Its Relationship with The Physical Environment: Chicago Case

Öz

Although the environmental criminology, which relates crime to environmental factors and argues that the environment is not a passive determinant of the onset, continuation or termination of crime, has been on the agenda of urban studies, the relationships between elements of the physical environment and crime have not yet been sufficiently studied through exploratory spatial statistics. In the light of crime theories such as Broken Windows Theory, Crime Pattern Theory and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design approach, this study aims to define and understand crime patterns by producing crime maps, visualizing spatial distributions, and testing the relationship between recurrent crimes in space and physical environmental elements. With the field study carried out in Chicago, the spatial patterns and relationships between crime types and physical environment elements were analyzed using exploratory spatial statistical methods. All secondary data used in this research are open data and all analyses were carried out using Geographical Information Systems. Exploratory spatial data analyses using GIS are Average Nearest Neighbor, Optimized Hotspot Analysis, Spatial Autocorrelation (Global Moran's I) and Geographically Weighted Regression. The analyses conducted in this study provided supporting evidence for theories of crime. The findings revealed that crimes tend to occur in close proximity to one another and cluster in specific neighborhoods and regions. This spatial concentration of crime supports the notion that criminals choose their locations intentionally or randomly. Furthermore, the study established a direct relationship between physical environmental elements and crime. Various physical factors such as inadequate street lighting, vacant and abandoned buildings, and sanitation code complaints were found to significantly contribute to the occurrence of crimes. These findings confirm the hypothesis that the deterioration of the physical environment can influence and contribute to increased criminal activity. Overall, the results of this study align with established theories of crime and provide empirical evidence for the significance of the physical environment in shaping criminal behavior.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Ayhan, İ., & Çubukcu, K. M. (2007). Suç ve kent ilişkisine ampirik bakış: Literatür taraması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5, Article 5.
  2. Brantingham, P., & Brantingham, P. (2008). Crime pattern theory. In Environmental criminology and crime analysis (pp. 78–93). Willan.
  3. Campedelli, G. M., Favarin, S., Aziani, A., & Piquero, A. R. (2020). Disentangling community-level changes in crime trends during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chicago. Crime Science, 9(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-020-00131-8
  4. Cinar, E. A., & Cubukcu, E. (2012). The Influence of social, economical and physical environmental factors on crime rates: A case study of the Bosphorus Conservation Area, Istanbul, Turkey. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(22), Article 22.
  5. City of Chicago. (2023a, May 30). Crimes—2001 to present. Chicago Data Portal. https://data.cityofchicago.org/Public-Safety/Crimes-2001-to-Present/ijzp-q8t2
  6. City of Chicago. (2023b, May 31). CHI 311. 311 City Services. https://311.chicago.gov/
  7. Crowe, T. (2013). Crime prevention through environmental design (L. J. Fennelly, Ed.). Elsevier.
  8. Dayara, T., Thabtah, F., Abdel-Jaber, H., & Zeidan, S. (2022). Crime analyses using data analytics. International Journal of Data Warehousing and Mining (IJDWM), 18(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJDWM.299014

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Kent ve Bölge Planlama

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

15 Eylül 2023

Gönderilme Tarihi

30 Ocak 2023

Kabul Tarihi

19 Ağustos 2023

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2023 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA
Kırpık, E. (2023). Spatial Patterns of Crime and Its Relationship with The Physical Environment: Chicago Case. Kent Akademisi, 16(3), 1597-1619. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1244009
AMA
1.Kırpık E. Spatial Patterns of Crime and Its Relationship with The Physical Environment: Chicago Case. Kent Akademisi. 2023;16(3):1597-1619. doi:10.35674/kent.1244009
Chicago
Kırpık, Elif. 2023. “Spatial Patterns of Crime and Its Relationship with The Physical Environment: Chicago Case”. Kent Akademisi 16 (3): 1597-1619. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1244009.
EndNote
Kırpık E (01 Eylül 2023) Spatial Patterns of Crime and Its Relationship with The Physical Environment: Chicago Case. Kent Akademisi 16 3 1597–1619.
IEEE
[1]E. Kırpık, “Spatial Patterns of Crime and Its Relationship with The Physical Environment: Chicago Case”, Kent Akademisi, c. 16, sy 3, ss. 1597–1619, Eyl. 2023, doi: 10.35674/kent.1244009.
ISNAD
Kırpık, Elif. “Spatial Patterns of Crime and Its Relationship with The Physical Environment: Chicago Case”. Kent Akademisi 16/3 (01 Eylül 2023): 1597-1619. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1244009.
JAMA
1.Kırpık E. Spatial Patterns of Crime and Its Relationship with The Physical Environment: Chicago Case. Kent Akademisi. 2023;16:1597–1619.
MLA
Kırpık, Elif. “Spatial Patterns of Crime and Its Relationship with The Physical Environment: Chicago Case”. Kent Akademisi, c. 16, sy 3, Eylül 2023, ss. 1597-19, doi:10.35674/kent.1244009.
Vancouver
1.Elif Kırpık. Spatial Patterns of Crime and Its Relationship with The Physical Environment: Chicago Case. Kent Akademisi. 01 Eylül 2023;16(3):1597-619. doi:10.35674/kent.1244009

Cited By

Kent Akademisi | Kent Kültürü ve Yönetimi Dergisi / Urban Academy | Journal of Urban Culture and Management

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