For a Better Disaster Management in Türkiye's 100th Anniversary: District Disaster Management

Öz

On the planet, there are various natural hazards, and in the coming years, their frequencies and intensities are likely to vary. These disasters can be diversified into subcategories. Regardless of the way disasters occur, the consequences they create can lead to catastrophic outcomes for both humanity and the environment. It is evident that inequalities among countries result in some nations bearing a more severe burden of the consequences, despite being less responsible for environmental degradation. Due to inadequate infrastructure and financial resources, these countries endure the repercussions more harshly and become more vulnerable. Despite differences in the levels of fragility and development among countries, it is possible to minimize the risks of disasters turning into catastrophes through organized disaster management. In the study, the distinction between the terms hazard, disaster, and catastrophe is clarified in order to eliminate conceptual confusion. Additionally, the development indices of countries and their vulnerability to disasters are evaluated. In the second section, the essential elements of effective disaster management are outlined in subcategories. The third and final section of the study elaborates with examples on why district disaster management plans should be an effective model in disaster management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• disaster management cycle
• disasters
• district disaster management
• Human Development Index

Türkiye'nin 100. Yılında Daha İyi Bir Afet Yönetimi İçin: İlçe Afet Yönetimi

Öz

Gezegenimizde çeşitli doğal tehlikeler bulunmakta ve gelecek yıllarda bu tehlikelerin sıklığı ve yoğunluğunun değişebileceği öngörülmektedir. Bu afetler alt başlıklara ayrılarak çeşitlendirilebilir. Afetlerin meydana geliş şekli ne olursa olsun, yarattığı sonuçlar insanlık ve çevre için felakete dönüşebilecek sonuçlara yol açabilir. Ülkeler arasındaki eşitsizlikler, bazı ülkelerin çevresel bozulmaya daha az sorumlu olmalarına rağmen sonuçlarının daha ağır bir yükünü taşımasına neden olur. Yetersiz altyapı ve maddi kaynaklar nedeniyle bu ülkeler sonuçları daha zorlu bir şekilde deneyimler ve daha savunmasız hale gelirler. Ülkeler arasındaki kırılganlık ve gelişmişlik düzeyi farklı olsa da düzenli bir afet yönetimi ile afetlerin felakete dönüşme riskini en aza indirgemek mümkündür. Çalışmada tehlike, afet ve felaket terimleri arasındaki ayrımı netleştirmek ve kavramsal karmaşıklığı ortadan kaldırmak amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca ülkelerin gelişim endeksleri ve afetlere olan kırılganlıkları değerlendirilmiştir. İkinci bölümde etkili afet yönetiminin temel unsurları alt başlıklar halinde belirtilmiştir. Çalışmanın üçüncü ve son bölümünde ise neden bölgelerarası afet yönetim planlarının etkili bir model olması gerektiği örneklerle açıklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• afet yönetimi
• yerel afet yönetimi
• felaketler
• insani gelişme endeksi

Kaynakça

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