AB Araştırma Projelerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi Doğrultusunda Tarihi Binaların Enerji Etkin İyileştirilmesi için Yaklaşım Önerisi

Öz

Bina sektörü çerçevesinde mevcut yapı stoku önemli enerji tüketim kaynaklarından olması sebebiyle enerji tasarrufu yapılabilme potansiyelinin yüksek olduğu araştırma alanlarındandır. İklim değişikliği ve küresel ısınma etkisi ile enerji tüketiminin giderek artması ve oluşan olumsuz durumların önlenip azaltılması amaçlı birçok mevcut yapı stokuna yönelik çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Önemli mevcut yapı stoku ana kaynaklarından olan tarihi yapılar için sadece korumanın yetersiz kalması nedeniyle özellikle Avrupa ülkelerinde enerji etkinlik ve verimlilik gibi parametrelerin de müdahale yöntemlerinde koruma ile bütün olarak düşünüldüğü görülmektedir. Müdahaleler için kültürel kimlik değerlerinin korunması ve enerji verimliliğinin sağlanması ana kriterler olarak benimsenmektedir. Bu iki müdahale kriterinin dengede ve bir bütün olarak düşünülmesi ile yapıların gelecek nesiller için kalıcılığı ve sürdürülebilirliği sağlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda özellikle Avrupa ülkelerinde yapılan Avrupa Birliği (AB) tarafından desteklenen kapsamlı, büyük ölçekli ve çok uluslu projeler yürütüldüğü görülmektedir. Çalışma ile projelerin detaylı ve sistematik olarak analiz, karşılaştırma ve değerlendirmesi sonucunda elde edilen çıkarımlar doğrultusunda gelecek çalışmalar için yaklaşım ve müdahale model önerisi getirilmiştir. Belirlenen projeler amaç, kapsam, hedef, strateji, içerik ve proje sonucu çıktıları üzerinden detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda yapılan analiz ile sistematik şekilde çıkarımlar yapılmıştır. Tarihi yapılar için yapılan enerji verimli iyileştirme uygulamalarındaki yaklaşım bilgileri, hedefler, analiz yöntemleri, kullanılan teknoloji ve yazılımlar, aktif-pasif sistem ve yenilenebilir enerji sistemleri, izleme takip sistemleri ve proje sonucunda müdahalenin etkilerinin sürdürülebilir kılınması için elde edilen proje çıktıları verileri gibi veriler üzerinden karşılaştırma ve değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak tarihi yapıların enerjilerinin verimli bir şekilde iyileştirilmesine yönelik yapılan analiz karşılaştırmaları ve değerlendirmeleri sonucunda elde edilen çıkarımlarla enerji verimliliği iyileştirme müdahale yaklaşımlarına dair kapsamlı bir yaklaşım modeli önerilmiştir. Böylece çalışma ile elde edilen yaklaşım modeli ile tarihi yapılarda enerji verimliliğine dair yapılacak çalışmalarda müdahale modellerinin oluşturulması için rehberlik edecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tarihi yapılar
• Kültürel miras yapıları
• Enerji etkin iyileştirme
• İyileştirme yöntemleri
• AB destekli projeler

Approach Proposal for Energy-Efficient Retrofit of Historic Buildings with Comparative Analysis of EU Research Projects

Öz

Within the framework of the building section, the existing building stock is a research area with a high potential for energy savings, as it is a crucial energy consumption source. Studies are being carried out on many existing building stocks to prevent and reduce the increasing energy consumption and negative situations due to climate change and global warming. It is seen that parameters such as energy efficiency are considered as a whole with conservation in intervention methods, especially in European countries, since only conservation is insufficient for historical buildings, which are one of the primary sources of important existing building stock. Preserving cultural identity values and energy efficiency are the primary intervention criteria. By considering these two intervention criteria in balance and as a whole, the permanence and sustainability of the buildings for future generations is ensured. In this regard, comprehensive, large-scale, and multinational projects supported by the European Union (EU), especially in European countries, are carried out. In line with the conclusions drawn from the detailed and systematic analysis, comparison, and evaluation of the projects, the study proposed an approach and intervention model for future studies. The determined projects were examined in detail regarding purpose, scope, target, strategy, content, and project outcome outputs. Systematic inferences were made through the analysis in line with the data obtained. Comparisons and evaluations were made on approach information, objectives, analysis methods, technology and software used, active-passive and renewable energy systems, monitoring and tracking systems, and project output data obtained at the project's end to make the intervention's effects sustainable. As a result, a comprehensive approach model for energy-efficient retrofitting intervention approaches has been proposed in line with the conclusions obtained from the analysis, comparison, and evaluations of energy-efficient retrofitting of historic buildings. Thus, the approach model obtained with the study will guide the creation of intervention models for the studies to be carried out on energy-efficient retrofits in historical buildings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Historic buildings
• Cultural heritage buildings
• Energy-efficient retrofitting
• Retrofitting methods
• EU funded projects

Kaynakça

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