Exploring the Potential of Modular Design in Addressing Post-Disaster Temporary Housing Needs

Öz

In February 2023, a devastating earthquake struck Southeastern Turkey resulting in numerous fatalities and displacements. The number of displaced people seems to increase worldwide. This paper examines current solutions for temporary housing needs and evaluates how modular structures can improve flexibility, customizability, and sustainability. This article discusses the need for adaptable temporary housing. For this purpose, examples produced in different geographies are examined and compared with each other in terms of their climate zone, construction technologies, construction period, floor areas, plan schemes, and number of users in the scope of this paper. Traditional shelters often lack customizability, leaving users feeling a lack of privacy. Modular designs, however, offer flexibility and adaptability, making them an effective solution for temporary housing needs. Despite their advantages, modular designs face challenges such as high costs, transportation logistics, and regulatory compliance. With careful planning, these challenges can be addressed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Modular Design
• Displaced People
• Post-Disaster Housing
• Temporary Housing
• Adaptability

Afet Sonrası Geçici Barınma İhtiyacının Karşılanmasında Modüler Tasarımın Potansiyelinin Araştırılması

Öz

Şubat 2023'te Türkiye’nin Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde meydana gelen yıkıcı deprem, sayısız can kaybına ve yerinden edilmeye sebep olmuştur. Bu makale, geçici barınma çözümlerini incelemekte ve modüler sistemlerin yapıların esnekliğini, kişiselleştirilebilirliğini ve sürdürülebilirliğini artırmadaki potansiyelini değerlendirmektedir. Makale, adapte edilebilir geçici konut ihtiyacını karşılamaya yönelik çözümleri tartışmaktadır. Bu amaçla farklı coğrafyalarda üretilmiş örnekler, bulundukları iklim kuşağı, yapım teknolojileri, yapım süreleri, taban alanları, plan şemaları ve kullanıcı sayıları üzerinden incelenerek birbirleriyle karşılaştırılmaktadır. Alışılagelmiş barınma birimleri genellikle kişiselleştirilebilir nitelikler taşımamakta, bu da kullanıcıların mahremiyet eksikliği hissetmesine neden olmaktadır. Modüler tasarımlar esneklik ve adaptasyon kapasitesi sunmakta, bu da onları geçici konut ihtiyaçları için etkili bir çözüm haline getirmektedir. Avantajlarına rağmen, modüler tasarımlar yüksek maliyetler, lojistik problemler ve mevzuata uygunluk gibi konularda zorluklara da sahiptirler. Ancak nitelikli bir planlama süreci ile bu zorluklar da rahatlıkla aşılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Modüler Tasarım
• Yerlerinden Olmuş İnsanlar
• Afet Sonrası Konut
• Geçici Konut
• Uyarlanabilirlik

Kaynakça

1. AFAD. (2023). 300 thousand 809 tents have been installed by AFAD in the earthquake zone.
2. AFAD. https://en.afad.gov.tr/300-thousand-809-tents-have-been-installed-by-afad-in-the-earthquake-zone
3. Bashawri, A., Garrity, S., & Moodley, K. (2014). An Overview Of The Design Of Disaster Relief Shelters. Procedia Economics and Finance, 924 – 931.
4. Baş, S. (July 2011). Post disaster temporary houses: the production of place in the case of 1999 Marmara earthquakes in Kocaeli. Middle east technical university, 174.
5. Bayliss, S., Bergin, R. (2020). The Modular Housing Handbook. RIBA Publishing.
6. Bertram, N., Fuchs, S., Mischke, J., Palter, R., Strube, G. & Woetzel, J. (2019). Modular construction: From projects to products. McKinsey & Company.
7. Dandoulaki, M. (1992). The reconstruction of Kalamata City after the 1986 earthquakes: some issues on the process of temporary. Disasters and the small dwelling: Perspectives for the UNIDNDR, 136-145.
8. Ford, G. & Ahn Y. (2014). Modular Building for Urban Disaster Housing: Case Study of Urban. Fire science, 82-89.

9. Hikone, S. & Tokubuchi, M. (2011). Temporary Multi-storey Container House after Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster on March 11, 2011. Tokyo.
10. Hogan-O'Neill, W. (2021). Prefabricated and Modular Architecture: Aligning Design with Manufacture and Assembly. London: The Crowood Press Ltd.
11. Jayakody, C., Malalgoda, C., Amaratunga, D., Haigh, R. P., Liyanage, C., Hamza, M., Witt, E., & Fernando, N. (2022). Addressing housing needs of the displaced people promoting resilient and sustainable communities. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment.
12. Johnson, C. (2007). Impacts of prefabricated temporary housing after disasters: Habitat International, 36-52.
13. Karthik, S., Sharareh, K., Behzad, R. (2020). Modular construction vs. Traditional construction: Advantages and limitations: a comparative study. Creative Construction Conference.
14. Lawson, M., Goodier, C. & Ogden, R. (2014). Design in Modular Construction. CRC press.
15. NYC Emergency Management. (2017). Close to Home. New York. https://www.nyc.gov/assets/whatifnyc/downloads/pdf/close_to_home.pdf
16. Quarantelli, E. L. (1991). Patterns of sheltering and housing in American disasters, University of Delaware, Disaster Research Center.
17. Scawthorn, C. & Johnson, G., S. (2000). Preliminary report: Kocaeli (Izmit) earthquake of 17 August 1999. Engineering Structures, 727-745.
18. Toksoz, M. N., Reilinger, R. E., Doll, C. G., Barka, A. A. & Yalcin, N. (1999). Izmit (Turkey) Earthquake of 17 August 1999: First Report. Seismological Research Letters, 669-679.
19. UNHCR. (2022). UNHCR Global trends report. UNHCR. https://www.unhcr.org/global-trends-report-2022
20. YiWen W., Wang, S. & Zhang, A. (2019). Optimal transportation planning for prefabricated products in construction. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 1-12.
21. Internet Resources
22. URL 1: Viviendas temporales Container, Viviendas temporales Container, Onagawa - Shigeru Ban Arquitectura Viva Accessed: 18/08/2024, 14:30.
23. URL 2: Disaster housing by NYC emergency management prototype, Overview - Urban Post-Disaster Housing Prototype Accessed: 25/10/2024, 10:00YiWen W., Wang, S. & Zhang, A. (2019). Optimal transportation planning for prefabricated products in construction. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 1-12.