Akıllı Kentleşmede Uluslararası Göç Yönetişiminin Etkisi: Oyun Teorisi Bağlamında İncelenmesi (Nash Dengesi)

Öz

Göç olgusu tarih boyunca ekonomik, siyasi ve toplumsal kaynaklı nedenler yanında uluslararası ve iç savaş gibi yıkıcı etkenlerden dolayı ülkelerin ve toplumların yaşamını etkileyen ve şekillendiren önemli faktörlerden biri olmuştur. Bu bağlamda göç yönetişimi, “göçü düzenlemeye ve göçmenleri korumaya yönelik kurum, yasal çerçeve, mekanizma ve uygulamalardan oluşan sistem” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Akıllı kentleşme ise gelecek nesillere yaşanabilir kentler bırakma anlayışı içerisinde sürdürülebilir bir kent yaşamını yerleştirmek amacıyla, teknolojinin çok, zararlı atıkların az olduğu bir yaşam alanını ifade etmektedir. Oyun teorisi, bireyler, kurumlar ve devletlerarasındaki çatışma ve iş birliği gibi konuları mevcut veriler ve kısıtlar içerisinde karar verme ve tercihte bulunma durumunda olan aktörlerin kazançlarını maksimize ve kayıplarını minimize etme stratejilerini inceleyen bir disiplindir. Çalışmada akıllı kentleşme politikaları ile uluslararası göç yönetişimi arasındaki ilişkinin ne yönde olacağı oyun teorisi çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası göç yönetişiminin akıllı kentleşme politikalarına etkisinin oyun teorisi stratejileri bağlamında incelenmesidir. Bu amaç çerçevesinde çalışma, uluslararası göç yönetişiminin iki önemli aktörü olan Türkiye ve AB’nin göç ve göçmen politikaları karşısındaki tutumlarını kapsamaktadır. İki kişili oyun matrisi oluşturularak kurulan oyunun denge noktası maxmin ve minmax yöntemiyle hesaplanmış ve elde edilen sonuçlara göre AB’nin akıllı kentleşme stratejisine karşın Türkiye’nin geçici kabul stratejisini seçmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Uluslararası göç yönetişimi ile ilgili verilerden hareketle yapılan analiz sonucunda Nash Dengesi oluşmamaktadır Bu bağlamda, karma strateji yaklaşımının benimsenmesi hem göç yönetişimi hem de kentleşme politikaları açısından daha sürdürülebilir ve esnek bir işbirliği ortamının sağlanabilir olacağı değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Akıllı Kentleşme
• Uluslararası Göç Yönetişimi
• Oyun Teorisi

International Migration Governance and Smart Urbanization: An Analysis in the Context of Game Theory (Nash Equilibrium)

Öz

Throughout history, migration has been one of the most important factors affecting and shaping the lives of countries and societies driven by economic, political and social reasons as well as by destructive factors such as international and civil wars. In this context, migration governance is defined as “a system of institutions, legal frameworks, mechanisms and practices to regulate migration and protect migrants”. Smart urbanization, on the other hand, refers to the development of living spaces that incorporate advanced technology and generate less harmful waste, with the goal of establishing a sustainable urban life and leaving livable cities to future generations. Game theory is a discipline that examines the strategies of actors, such as individuals, institutions, and states such as individuals, institutions, and states, who must make decisions under given constraints data, aiming to maximizing gains and minimizing losses losses in scenarios involving conflict and cooperation. This study analyzes the relationship between smart urbanization policies and international migration governance within the framework of game theory. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of international migration governance on smart urbanization policies in the context of game theoretic strategies. Within this framework, the study covers the attitudes of two important actors of international migration governance, Turkey and the EU, towards migration and migration policies. A two-player game matrix was constructed, and the equilibrium point of the game was calculated using the maxmin and minmax methods. Based on the results, it was concluded that Türkiye should adapt the temporary admission strategy despite the EU's preference for smart urbanization strategy. The analysis based on the data related to international migration governance, revealed that there is no Nash Equilibrium. In this context, the approach to be adopted is a mixed strategy approach. This will provide a more sustainable and flexible cooperation environment for both migration governance and urbanization policies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Smart Urbanization
• International Migration Governance
• Game Theory.

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