(Re)Considering Smart City Approach in Smart Economy Perspective: Evaluation of Konya Case

Öz

It is aimed with this paper to put smart city into smart economy perspective by conceptual framework and analysis. The relation of smart economy components with local economic development have been discussed. Therefore, this study has three key parts. The first part highlights the smart city and smart economy literature. Smart city approach has been discussing in terms of institutional based, environment based and economic based. Smart economy is a new economic approach reflection of smart city approach. Smart economy as one of the component of smart city enables to increase attractiveness of current economic sectors like finance, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), service and cultural. It enables to occur new economic sectors (sharing economy and clean/green economy). Therefore, the second part investigates the effectiveness of smart economic approach in Turkey with case specific method. Konya in Turkey was selected for testing of smart city inquiry by using municipality’ website & TURKSTAT data with LQ analysis. According to these findings, Konya may not be seen as a real smart city in smart economy perspective due to two reasons. The first reason is current economic sectors under the entrepreneurship have not developed sufficiently according to LQ analysis results. The second reason why Konya may not be a smart city that sharing and cluster based economy have not become popular adequately and production of data about these issues is underestimated. Therefore, third part includes opportunities and limits determined to be smart city especially in economic perspective in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• smart city
• smart economy
• technology
• LQ analysis
• Konya

Akıllı Şehir Yaklaşımının Akıllı Ekonomi Perspektifinde Yeniden Düşünülmesi: Konya Örneğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, kavramsal çerçeve ve analiz yoluyla akıllı kent modelinin akıllı ekonomi perspektifinden irdelenmesi amaçlanmış ve akıllı ekonomi bileşenlerinin yerel ekonomik kalkınma ile ilişkisi tartışılmıştır. Bu nedenle çalışma üç temel bölümden oluşmaktadır. Makalenin ilk bölümü, akıllı kent ve akıllı ekonomi ile ilgili literatür değerlendirmesini kapsamaktadır. Çevresel, ekonomik, mekânsal, sosyal ve kurumsal odaklar çerçevesinde tartışılan akıllı kent yaklaşımı ile ilgili çok sayıda uygulamalar yapılması kentlerin marka değeri kazanmasında önem taşımaktadır. Bu odaklar içerisinden akıllı ekonomi, akıllı kent yaklaşımının bir yansıması olan yeni bir ekonomik yaklaşım olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Diğer bir deyişle akıllı kent yaklaşımı, akıllı ekonomi olarak adlandırılan kendi ekonomik modelini oluşturmaktadır. Akıllı kentin bileşenlerinden biri olan akıllı ekonomi; finans, Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri (BİT), hizmet ve kültürel olmak üzere mevcut ekonomik sektörlerin çekiciliğini artırmayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca paylaşım ekonomisi ve temiz/yeşil ekonomi gibi yeni ekonomik sektörlerin oluşmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle makalenin ikinci bölümünde, Türkiye’de bir kent üzerinden örnek alan incelemesi yöntemiyle akıllı ekonomik yaklaşımın etkinliği sorgulanmaktadır. Türkiye'nin en büyük yüz ölçümüne sahip Konya kenti, yerel yönetimin akıllı kent üzerine yaptığı çalışmalar ve TÜİK’in verileri kullanılarak LQ analizi ile akıllı ekonomi üzerinden akıllı kent sorgulamasının yapılması için seçilmiştir. Bu bulgulara göre Konya, iki nedenden dolayı akıllı ekonomi perspektifinde gerçek bir akıllı şehir olarak görülmeyebilir. Birinci neden, akıllı ekonominin ana bileşenlerinden biri olan girişimcilik kapsamındaki finans, BİT, hizmet ve kültür sektörlerinin LQ analiz sonuçlarına göre yeterince gelişmemiş olmasıdır. İkinci neden ise paylaşım ve kümelenme tabanlı ekonominin ve yeşil ekonomi yaklaşımının yeterince yaygınlaşmaması ve bu konularda veri üretiminin hafife alınması nedeniyle Konya'nın akıllı şehir olarak değerlendirilememesidir. Ancak, mevcut durumda taşıdığı potansiyeller ile üçüncü bölümde, özellikle ekonomik açıdan akıllı şehir olmak için belirlenen fırsat ve sınırlara yer verilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• akıllı kent
• akıllı ekonomi
• teknoloji
• Konya
• literatür değerlendirmesi
• LQ analizi

Kaynakça

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