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Biyokütle Enerji Kullanımı Açısından İran ve Türkiye’nin Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 4, 1235 - 1250, 25.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.994074

Öz

Biyokütle enerjisinin sürdürülebilirlik, yerel kaynaklardan elde edilebilirlik ve çevre üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi olmaması gibi avantajları vardır. Biyokütle enerjisi, çevre dostu sürdürülebilir enerji üretimi ve gelişimini hedefleyen ülkeler için de önemli bir hedeftir. Yakın İran ve Türkiye, bölgenin sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasi ilişkilerinde tarihi bir geçmişe sahiptir. Her iki ülkenin de kalkınma çabaları olsa da en önemli konu enerji arzı ve güvenliği olarak öne çıkıyor. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı, her iki ülkenin yenilenemeyen enerji kaynakları dışındaki biyokütle enerjisi kullanımlarını karşılaştırmak ve bu konudaki çaba ve potansiyelleri ortaya koymaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmadi, A., Esmaeilion, F., Esmaeilion, A., Ehyaei, M.A., 2020. Benefits and limitations of waste-to-energy conversion in Iran. Renewable Energy Research and Application, 2020. 1(1): 27-45.
  • Balances, E., 2011. Power and Energy Planning Department. Ministry of Energy of IR IRAN.
  • Ballesteros I., Negro M.J., Oliva J.M., Cabañas A., Manzanares P., Ballesteros M., 2006. Ethanol Production From Steam-Explosion Pretreated Wheat Straw. In: mcmillan J.D., Adney W.S., Mielenz J.R., Klasson K.T. (eds) Twenty-Seventh Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals. ABAB Symposium. Humana Press. Https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-268-7_ (Ref. Date: 11.08.2020).
  • Bougnom, B.P. ;Niederkofler, C. ;Knapp, B. A. ;Stimpfl, E. ;Insam, H., 2012. Residues from renewable energy production: their value for fertilizing pastures. Biomass and Bioenergy, 39: 290-295.
  • Brack, D., 2007. The impacts of the demand for woody biomass for power and heat on climate and forests. Chatham House, p. 4-10.
  • EHAE (Enerji Hukuku Araştırma Enstitüsü), 2018. Çalıştay Raporu: 2020 sonrası YEK kanunu ve YEKDEM nasıl olmalı. https://www.enerjihukuku.org.tr/storage/2018/01/2020-sonras%C4%B1-yek-kanunu-ve-yekdem-nas%C4%B1l-olmal%C4%B1-%C3%A7al%C4%B1%C5%9Ftay-raporu-1.pdf (Ref date: 08.06.2020)
  • FAO, 2020. Food and Agriculture Organization Forestry Production and Trade. Http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FO (Ref. Date: 08.06.2020). GDF, 2011. Türkiye ormancılık istatistikleri 2011. https://web.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/Istatistikler/Ormanc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k%20%C4%B0statistikleri/Ormanc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k%20%C4%B0statistikleri%202011.pdf (Ref Date: 08.06.2020).
  • GDF, 2020. Türkiye ormancılık istatistikleri 2020. https://web.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/Sayfalar/Istatistikler.aspx?RootFolder=%2Fekutuphane%2FIstatistikler%2FOrmanc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k%20%C4%B0statistikleri&FolderCTID=0x012000301D182F8CB9FC49963274E712A2DC00&View={4B3B693B-B532-4C7F-A2D0-732F715C89CC} (Ref Date: 08.06.2020).
  • Gökbulak, F., Uygur Erdoğan, B., Yıldırım, H.T., Özçelik, M.S. 2018. Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey. Forestist 68(2): 106-113.
  • IEA, 2018. International Recommendations for Energy Stattistics (IRES). Https://unstats.un.org/unsd/energystats/methodology/documents/IRES-web.pdf (Ref. Tarihi: 08.06.2020)
  • İLLEEZ, B., 2020. Türkiye’nın Enerji Görünümü: Türkiye’de Biyokütle Enerjisi. Https://www.mmo.org.tr/sites/default/files/TEG-2020-13_%20Biyok%C3%bctle%20Enerjisi%20_B%C3%bclent%20%C4%b0lleez.pdf (Ref. Date: 08.06.2020).
  • Karayılmazlar, S., Saraçoğlu, N., Çabuk, Y., Kurt, R., 2011. Biyokütlenin Türkiye’de Enerji Üretiminde Değerlendirilmesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(19): 63-75.
  • Kargari, A. And Rezaeinia, S., 2020. State-of-the-art modification of polymeric membranes by PEO and PEG for carbon dioxide separation: A review of the current status and future perspectives. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 84: 1-22.
  • MoAF, 2020. Agricultre production and wastes in Turkey. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/Konular/Bitkisel-Uretim (Ref. Date: 08.06.2020).
  • MoENR, 2020. Turkey energy sources and production. https://enerji.gov.tr/activity-detail?id=14 (Ref. Date: 08.06.2020)
  • Nabavi, V., et al., Feasibility study on the production and consumption of wood pellets in Iran to meet return-on-investment and greenhouse gas emissions targets. Renewable Energy, 2020. 151: p. 1-20.
  • Saracoğlu, N., 2010. The biomas potential of Turkey for energy production: part I. Energy Sources Part B: Economics Planning and Policy, 5(3): 272-278.
  • Sarraf, M., Jagannathan, V., Andersen, I., Saba., J.P., Poortman, C.J., 2005. Islamic Republic of Iran: Cost assessment of environmental degradation. World Bank, Policy Note, Report number: 32043, Volume: 1 Washington, DC.
  • Searchinger, T., Heimlich, R., Houghton, R.A., Dong, F., Ekobeid, A., Fabiosa, J., Tokgoz, S., Hayes, D., Yu, TH., 2008. Use of US croplands for biofuels increases greenhouse gases through emissions from land-use change. Science. 319(5867): 1238-1240.
  • Searcy, E., Flynn, P., Ghafoori, E., Kumar, A., 2007. The relative cost of biomass energy transport. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 137(1-12): 639-652.
  • Şenol, M., 2017. Energy Yeild Optimization of a Large-Scale pV Oower Plant Self-Consumption Mehanism. Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Eastern Mediterranean University February 2017 Gazimağusa, North Cyprus.
  • URL-1, 2020. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Organization of Iran. 2020. Http://www.satba.gov.ir/en/iranresourceassesment-Iran-resource-Assesment (Ref Date: 11.08.2020)
  • URL-2, 2020. Statistical Review of World Energy. Https://www.eqmagpro.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/bp-stats-review-2020-all-data-1_compressed.pdf (Ref. Date: 11.08.2020)
  • Yıldırım HT, Ünsal.Ö., 2012. Wood Used in Energy for Renewable Energy Sources and Future Scenarios. Turkey, in Energy Congress and Exhibition. Ankara.
  • Yıldırım, HT, and Candan, Z., 2013. Renewable bio-energy from wooden biomass in Turkey. Pro Ligno, 9(4): 82-88
  • Yıldırım, HT, 2015. Biomass resources and its potential use as energy sources in Turkey. Pro Ligno, 11(4): 680-685
  • Zegada-Lizarazu, W. And Monti, A., 2011. Energy crops in

Comparison of Iran and Turkey in Terms of Biomass Energy Use

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 4, 1235 - 1250, 25.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.994074

Öz

Biomass energy has some advantages such as sustainability, availability from local resources and no adverse effects on the environment. Biomass energy is also an important goal for countries aiming for environmentally friendly sustainable energy production and development. Iran and Turkey are two neighbor countries in the region and they have social, economic and political relations presently as happened in the past. Although both countries have development efforts, the most important issue stands out as energy supply and security. In this respect, the aim of the study is to compare the biomass energy use of both countries other than non-renewable energy sources, and to reveal the efforts and potentials in this regard.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmadi, A., Esmaeilion, F., Esmaeilion, A., Ehyaei, M.A., 2020. Benefits and limitations of waste-to-energy conversion in Iran. Renewable Energy Research and Application, 2020. 1(1): 27-45.
  • Balances, E., 2011. Power and Energy Planning Department. Ministry of Energy of IR IRAN.
  • Ballesteros I., Negro M.J., Oliva J.M., Cabañas A., Manzanares P., Ballesteros M., 2006. Ethanol Production From Steam-Explosion Pretreated Wheat Straw. In: mcmillan J.D., Adney W.S., Mielenz J.R., Klasson K.T. (eds) Twenty-Seventh Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals. ABAB Symposium. Humana Press. Https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-268-7_ (Ref. Date: 11.08.2020).
  • Bougnom, B.P. ;Niederkofler, C. ;Knapp, B. A. ;Stimpfl, E. ;Insam, H., 2012. Residues from renewable energy production: their value for fertilizing pastures. Biomass and Bioenergy, 39: 290-295.
  • Brack, D., 2007. The impacts of the demand for woody biomass for power and heat on climate and forests. Chatham House, p. 4-10.
  • EHAE (Enerji Hukuku Araştırma Enstitüsü), 2018. Çalıştay Raporu: 2020 sonrası YEK kanunu ve YEKDEM nasıl olmalı. https://www.enerjihukuku.org.tr/storage/2018/01/2020-sonras%C4%B1-yek-kanunu-ve-yekdem-nas%C4%B1l-olmal%C4%B1-%C3%A7al%C4%B1%C5%9Ftay-raporu-1.pdf (Ref date: 08.06.2020)
  • FAO, 2020. Food and Agriculture Organization Forestry Production and Trade. Http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FO (Ref. Date: 08.06.2020). GDF, 2011. Türkiye ormancılık istatistikleri 2011. https://web.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/Istatistikler/Ormanc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k%20%C4%B0statistikleri/Ormanc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k%20%C4%B0statistikleri%202011.pdf (Ref Date: 08.06.2020).
  • GDF, 2020. Türkiye ormancılık istatistikleri 2020. https://web.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/Sayfalar/Istatistikler.aspx?RootFolder=%2Fekutuphane%2FIstatistikler%2FOrmanc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k%20%C4%B0statistikleri&FolderCTID=0x012000301D182F8CB9FC49963274E712A2DC00&View={4B3B693B-B532-4C7F-A2D0-732F715C89CC} (Ref Date: 08.06.2020).
  • Gökbulak, F., Uygur Erdoğan, B., Yıldırım, H.T., Özçelik, M.S. 2018. Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey. Forestist 68(2): 106-113.
  • IEA, 2018. International Recommendations for Energy Stattistics (IRES). Https://unstats.un.org/unsd/energystats/methodology/documents/IRES-web.pdf (Ref. Tarihi: 08.06.2020)
  • İLLEEZ, B., 2020. Türkiye’nın Enerji Görünümü: Türkiye’de Biyokütle Enerjisi. Https://www.mmo.org.tr/sites/default/files/TEG-2020-13_%20Biyok%C3%bctle%20Enerjisi%20_B%C3%bclent%20%C4%b0lleez.pdf (Ref. Date: 08.06.2020).
  • Karayılmazlar, S., Saraçoğlu, N., Çabuk, Y., Kurt, R., 2011. Biyokütlenin Türkiye’de Enerji Üretiminde Değerlendirilmesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(19): 63-75.
  • Kargari, A. And Rezaeinia, S., 2020. State-of-the-art modification of polymeric membranes by PEO and PEG for carbon dioxide separation: A review of the current status and future perspectives. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 84: 1-22.
  • MoAF, 2020. Agricultre production and wastes in Turkey. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/Konular/Bitkisel-Uretim (Ref. Date: 08.06.2020).
  • MoENR, 2020. Turkey energy sources and production. https://enerji.gov.tr/activity-detail?id=14 (Ref. Date: 08.06.2020)
  • Nabavi, V., et al., Feasibility study on the production and consumption of wood pellets in Iran to meet return-on-investment and greenhouse gas emissions targets. Renewable Energy, 2020. 151: p. 1-20.
  • Saracoğlu, N., 2010. The biomas potential of Turkey for energy production: part I. Energy Sources Part B: Economics Planning and Policy, 5(3): 272-278.
  • Sarraf, M., Jagannathan, V., Andersen, I., Saba., J.P., Poortman, C.J., 2005. Islamic Republic of Iran: Cost assessment of environmental degradation. World Bank, Policy Note, Report number: 32043, Volume: 1 Washington, DC.
  • Searchinger, T., Heimlich, R., Houghton, R.A., Dong, F., Ekobeid, A., Fabiosa, J., Tokgoz, S., Hayes, D., Yu, TH., 2008. Use of US croplands for biofuels increases greenhouse gases through emissions from land-use change. Science. 319(5867): 1238-1240.
  • Searcy, E., Flynn, P., Ghafoori, E., Kumar, A., 2007. The relative cost of biomass energy transport. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 137(1-12): 639-652.
  • Şenol, M., 2017. Energy Yeild Optimization of a Large-Scale pV Oower Plant Self-Consumption Mehanism. Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Eastern Mediterranean University February 2017 Gazimağusa, North Cyprus.
  • URL-1, 2020. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Organization of Iran. 2020. Http://www.satba.gov.ir/en/iranresourceassesment-Iran-resource-Assesment (Ref Date: 11.08.2020)
  • URL-2, 2020. Statistical Review of World Energy. Https://www.eqmagpro.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/bp-stats-review-2020-all-data-1_compressed.pdf (Ref. Date: 11.08.2020)
  • Yıldırım HT, Ünsal.Ö., 2012. Wood Used in Energy for Renewable Energy Sources and Future Scenarios. Turkey, in Energy Congress and Exhibition. Ankara.
  • Yıldırım, HT, and Candan, Z., 2013. Renewable bio-energy from wooden biomass in Turkey. Pro Ligno, 9(4): 82-88
  • Yıldırım, HT, 2015. Biomass resources and its potential use as energy sources in Turkey. Pro Ligno, 11(4): 680-685
  • Zegada-Lizarazu, W. And Monti, A., 2011. Energy crops in
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği
Bölüm Derleme Makalesi
Yazarlar

Sasan Jorjani Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-1335-9560

Hasan Tezcan Yıldırım 0000-0002-8180-0557

Sheida Rezaeinia 0000-0002-2704-5319

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Jorjani, S., Yıldırım, H. T., & Rezaeinia, S. (2021). Comparison of Iran and Turkey in Terms of Biomass Energy Use. Kent Akademisi, 14(4), 1235-1250. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.994074

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