(Re)Considering Smart City Approach in Smart Economy Perspective: Evaluation of Konya Case

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 277 - 297, 30.03.2022

Gamze Kazancı

https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.983793

Cited By: 1

Öz

It is aimed with this paper to put smart city into smart economy perspective by conceptual framework and analysis. The relation of smart economy components with local economic development have been discussed. Therefore, this study has three key parts. The first part highlights the smart city and smart economy literature. Smart city approach has been discussing in terms of institutional based, environment based and economic based. Smart economy is a new economic approach reflection of smart city approach. Smart economy as one of the component of smart city enables to increase attractiveness of current economic sectors like finance, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), service and cultural. It enables to occur new economic sectors (sharing economy and clean/green economy). Therefore, the second part investigates the effectiveness of smart economic approach in Turkey with case specific method. Konya in Turkey was selected for testing of smart city inquiry by using municipality’ website & TURKSTAT data with LQ analysis. According to these findings, Konya may not be seen as a real smart city in smart economy perspective due to two reasons. The first reason is current economic sectors under the entrepreneurship have not developed sufficiently according to LQ analysis results. The second reason why Konya may not be a smart city that sharing and cluster based economy have not become popular adequately and production of data about these issues is underestimated. Therefore, third part includes opportunities and limits determined to be smart city especially in economic perspective in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

smart city, smart economy, technology, LQ analysis, Konya

Akıllı Şehir Yaklaşımının Akıllı Ekonomi Perspektifinde Yeniden Düşünülmesi: Konya Örneğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, kavramsal çerçeve ve analiz yoluyla akıllı kent modelinin akıllı ekonomi perspektifinden irdelenmesi amaçlanmış ve akıllı ekonomi bileşenlerinin yerel ekonomik kalkınma ile ilişkisi tartışılmıştır. Bu nedenle çalışma üç temel bölümden oluşmaktadır. Makalenin ilk bölümü, akıllı kent ve akıllı ekonomi ile ilgili literatür değerlendirmesini kapsamaktadır. Çevresel, ekonomik, mekânsal, sosyal ve kurumsal odaklar çerçevesinde tartışılan akıllı kent yaklaşımı ile ilgili çok sayıda uygulamalar yapılması kentlerin marka değeri kazanmasında önem taşımaktadır. Bu odaklar içerisinden akıllı ekonomi, akıllı kent yaklaşımının bir yansıması olan yeni bir ekonomik yaklaşım olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Diğer bir deyişle akıllı kent yaklaşımı, akıllı ekonomi olarak adlandırılan kendi ekonomik modelini oluşturmaktadır. Akıllı kentin bileşenlerinden biri olan akıllı ekonomi; finans, Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri (BİT), hizmet ve kültürel olmak üzere mevcut ekonomik sektörlerin çekiciliğini artırmayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca paylaşım ekonomisi ve temiz/yeşil ekonomi gibi yeni ekonomik sektörlerin oluşmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle makalenin ikinci bölümünde, Türkiye’de bir kent üzerinden örnek alan incelemesi yöntemiyle akıllı ekonomik yaklaşımın etkinliği sorgulanmaktadır. Türkiye'nin en büyük yüz ölçümüne sahip Konya kenti, yerel yönetimin akıllı kent üzerine yaptığı çalışmalar ve TÜİK’in verileri kullanılarak LQ analizi ile akıllı ekonomi üzerinden akıllı kent sorgulamasının yapılması için seçilmiştir. Bu bulgulara göre Konya, iki nedenden dolayı akıllı ekonomi perspektifinde gerçek bir akıllı şehir olarak görülmeyebilir. Birinci neden, akıllı ekonominin ana bileşenlerinden biri olan girişimcilik kapsamındaki finans, BİT, hizmet ve kültür sektörlerinin LQ analiz sonuçlarına göre yeterince gelişmemiş olmasıdır. İkinci neden ise paylaşım ve kümelenme tabanlı ekonominin ve yeşil ekonomi yaklaşımının yeterince yaygınlaşmaması ve bu konularda veri üretiminin hafife alınması nedeniyle Konya'nın akıllı şehir olarak değerlendirilememesidir. Ancak, mevcut durumda taşıdığı potansiyeller ile üçüncü bölümde, özellikle ekonomik açıdan akıllı şehir olmak için belirlenen fırsat ve sınırlara yer verilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

akıllı kent, akıllı ekonomi, teknoloji, Konya, literatür değerlendirmesi, LQ analizi

Kaynakça

• REFERENCES: Articles: Agyeman, J. and McLaren, D. (2014). ‘Smart Cities’ Should Mean ‘Sharing Cities’. Time: Ideas and.
• Andronie, M., Lăzăroiu, G., Iatagan, M., Hurloiu, I., & Dijmărescu, I. (2021). Sustainable cyber-physical production systems in big data-driven smart urban economy: a systematic literature review. Sustainability, 13(2), 751.
• Angelidou, M. (2015). Smart cities: A conjuncture of four forces. Cities, 47, 95-106.
• Anttiroiko, A. V., Valkama, P., & Bailey, S. J. (2014). Smart cities in the new service economy: building platforms for smart services. AI & society, 29(3), 323-334.
• Ariffin, A. (2012). Smart Economy in Smart Cities. In Kumar, T.M.V (Eds.), Iskandar Malaysias Definition of Smart City. Erişim: http://sustainableiskandar.com.my/iskandarmalaysias-definition-of-smart-city/
• Bakıcı, T., Almirall, E. and Wareham, J. (2013). A Smart City Initiative: the Case of Barcelona, Journal of Knowledge Economy, 4(2). 135–148.
• Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart cities in Europe. Journal of urban technology, 18(2), 65-82.
• Davies, A. R., & Mullin, S. J. (2011). Greening the economy: interrogating sustainability innovations beyond the mainstream. Journal of Economic Geography, 11(5), 793-816.
• De Grave, A. (2016). So long, collaborative economy!. Ouishare Magazine.
• Dieleman. F. and Wegener, M. (2004). Compact City and Urban Sprawl, Built Environment, 30(4),308 323.
• Frenken, K., Meelen, T., Arets, M., & Van de Glind, P. (2015). Smarter regulation for the sharing economy. The Guardian, 20, 175-189.
• Gabrys, J. (2014). Programming environments: environmentality and citizen sensing in the smart city. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 32(1), 30-48.
• Gori, P., Parcu, P. L., & Stasi, M. (2015). Smart cities and sharing economy. Robert Schuman Centre for advanced studies research paper no. RSCAS, 96.
• Guelzim, T., Obaidat, M. S., & Sadoun, B. (2016). Introduction and overview of key enabling technologies for smart cities and homes. In Smart cities and homes, 1-16. Morgan Kaufmann.
• Hollands, R. G. (2008). Will the real smart city please stand up? Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial?. City, 12(3), 303-320.
• Jucevičius, R., Patašienė, I., & Patašius, M. (2014). Digital dimension of smart city: critical analysis. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 156, 146-150.
• Keegan, S., O’Hare, G. M., & O’Grady, M. J. (2012). Retail in the digital city. International Journal of E-Business Research (IJEBR), 8(3), 18-32.
• Kırımtat, A., Krejcar, O., Kertesz, A., & Tasgetiren, M. F. (2020). Future trends and current state of smart city concepts: A survey. IEEE Access, 8, 86448-86467.
• Kumar, T. V. and Dahiya, B. (2017). Smart economy in smart cities. In Smart Economy in Smart Cities (pp. 3-76). Springer, Singapore.
• Li, X., Fong, P. S., Dai, S., & Li, Y. (2019). Towards sustainable smart cities: An empirical comparative assessment and development pattern optimization in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 215, 730-743.
• Marsal-Llacuna, M. L., Colomer-Llinàs, J., & Meléndez-Frigola, J. (2015). Lessons in urban monitoring taken from sustainable and livable cities to better address the Smart Cities initiative. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 90, 611-622.
• Neirotti, P., De Marco, A., Cagliano, A. C., Mangano, G., & Scorrano, F. (2014). Current trends in Smart City initiatives: Some stylised facts. Cities 38, 25-36.
• Schaffers, H., Komninos, N., Pallot, M., Trousse, B., Nilsson, M., & Oliveira, A. (2011, May). Smart cities and the future internet: Towards cooperation frameworks for open innovation. In The future internet assembly (pp. 431-446). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
• Torres, L., Pina, V., & Royo, S. (2005). E-government and the transformation of public administrations in EU countries: Beyond NPM or just a second wave of reforms?. Online Information Review, 29(5), 531-553.
• Vanolo, A. (2014). Smartmentality: The smart city as disciplinary strategy. Urban studies, 51(5), 883-898.
• Wall, R. S., & Stavropoulos, S. (2016). Smart cities within world city networks. Applied Economics Letters, 23(12), 875-879.
• Zervas, G., Proserpio, D., & Byers, J. (2015). A first look at online reputation on Airbnb, where every stay is above average. Where Every Stay is Above Average (January 28, 2015).
• Proceedings: Algan, N. (2017). Kentsel Gelişmede Ekolojik Sürdürülebilirlik. Uluslararası Kentsel Politikalar Konferansı(INCUP2017), http://incup2017. emu. edu. tr/tr (Accessed date: 06.05.2020).
• Arroub, A., Zahi, B., Sabir, E., & Sadik, M. (2016, October). A literature review on Smart Cities: Paradigms, opportunities and open problems. In 2016 International Conference on Wireless Networks and Mobile Communications (WINCOM) (pp. 180-186). IEEE.
• Bibri, S. E. and Krogstie, J. (2016). Big Data and Context–Aware Computing Applications for Smart Sustainable Cities. Proceedings of the 2nd Norwegian Big data Sysmposium, Trondheim, Norway, 15.
• Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., ... & Scholl, H. J. (2012). Understanding smart cities: An integrative framework. In 2012 45th Hawaii international conference on system sciences, January, 2289-2297. IEEE.
• Dameri, R. P. and Cocchia, A. (2013). Smart city and digital city: twenty years of terminology evolution. In X Conference of the Italian Chapter of AIS, ITAIS, 1-8.
• Nam, T., & Pardo, T. A. (2011, June). Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions. In Proceedings of the 12th annual international digital government research conference: digital government innovation in challenging times (pp. 282-291).
• Soe, R. M. (2017, June). FINEST Twins: platform for cross-border smart city solutions. In Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (pp. 352-357).
• Books: European Commission (2014). National/ Reginal Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialization (RIS3). Erişim: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/informat/2014/smart_specialisation_en.pdf
• Frenken, K. and Schor, J. (2019). Putting the sharing economy into perspective. In A Research Agenda for Sustainable Consumption Governance. Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Hill, S. (2015). Raw Deal: How the" Uber Economy" and Runaway Capitalism Are Screwing American Workers. St. Martin's Press.
• IBM Global Business Services (2009). A vision of smarter cities. IBM Corporation. Erişim: https://www-03.ibm.com/press/attachments/IBV_Smarter_Cities_-_Final.pdf
• Isard, W., Azis, I. J., Drennan, M. P., Miller, R. E., Saltzman, S., & Thorbecke, E. (2017). Methods of interregional and regional analysis. Routledge.
• ISO 37120 (2014). Sustainable development of communities – Indicators for city services and quality of life.
• McLaren, D. and Agyeman, J. (2015). Sharing cities: a case for truly smart and sustainable cities. MIT press.
• MEU (Ministry of Environment and Urbanization). (2018, 2019). Akıllı Şehirler Beyaz Bülteni [Smart Cities White Paper].
• OECD (2019). 1st OECD Roundtable on Smart Cities and Inclusive Growth. Accessed date: 14.05.2020
• The European Framework for Sustainable Cities (RFSC) (2017) 5 Dimensions and 30 Objectives for A European Vision of Tomorrow’s Cities, Accessed date: 30.04.2020.
• Reports Ericsson AB (2014). Networked Society City Index 2014. Appendix 1 Methodology https://www.ericsson.com/assets/local/networked-society/reports/city-index/networkedsociety-city-index-2014-appendix1-methodology.pdf
• Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., & Meijers, E. (2007). City-ranking of European medium-sized cities. Cent. Reg. Sci. Vienna UT, 1-12.
• Web-sites: Cohen, B. (2012). What exactly is a smart city? September 19, 2012b, online at: http://www.fastcoexist.com/1680538/what-exactly-is-asmart-city (accessed 26 November 2021).
• TURKSTAT, The results of Enterprises Statistics. (2018). https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=145&locale=tr
• Url-1: https://akillisehir.konya.bel.tr/ Accessed date: 05.06.2020.