Endüstriyel Parkların Eko-Endüstriyel Parklara Dönüşümünde Devletin Rolünün Analizi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 1781 - 1795, 15.09.2023

Yılmaz Kaplan

https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1225675

Öz

Bu çalışma, endüstri parklarının eko-endüstriyel parklara dönüşümünü yeni kurumsalcı teorik bir bakış açısıyla incelemektedir. Kötüleşen iklim krizi, mevcut Lineer Ekonomik (LE) sistemi işlevsiz hale getirdiğinden dünya genelinde sistemik bir değişim ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu ihtiyacın bir sonucu olarak Döngüsel Ekonomi (DE) fikri popülerlik kazanmıştır. DE, özellikle LE'nin “al-yap-kullan-at” mantığından kaynaklanan ekonomik eylemlerdeki doğrusallığı, “geri dönüştür-yeniden kullan-azalt” mantığı üzerine inşa edilen döngüsel ekonomik eylemler ile değiştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu noktada endüstri parklarının DE ilkeleri doğrultusunda eko-endüstriyel parklara dönüştürülmesi DE fikrinin nasıl kurumsallaştırılabileceğini görmek için yararlı bir örnek oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma, piyasa aktörlerinin kısa vadeli çıkar hesapları ve mevcut LE sistemine olan yapısal patika bağımlılıkları nedeniyle bu dönüşümü etkin bir şekilde başlatamadıklarını iddia etmektedir. Öte yandan, etkin kurumsal gücü ile devlet, bu dönüşüm sürecini hızlandıran bir katalizör rolü oynayabilir. Özellikle devlet, LE sistemine bağımlılıklarının üstesinden gelmeleri için piyasa aktörlerine yasal, finansal, teknolojik ve toplumsal ağ desteği sağlayabilir. Ancak devlet bu süreçte girişimci olmalı ama müdahaleci olmamalıdır. Yatay bir yönetişim yaklaşımına sahip olmalı ve bu yaklaşımın merkezine altyapısal yardım, iletişim, sosyal ağlar ve öğrenmeyi koymalıdır. Bu, devletin söz konusu dönüşüm sürecinde hükmeden değil patika açıcı olması gerektiği anlamına gelmektedir. Bu nedenle, devlet mi yoksa piyasa mı sorusuna takılmış saplantılı ideolojik tartışmalardan ziyade, kötüleşen iklim krizi ile etkili bir mücadele için gerekli sürdürülebilir döngüsel bir sistemin geliştirilmesinde odak noktası devlet ve piyasaya uygun işlevselliğin kazandırılması olmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İklim Krizi, Döngüsel Ekonomi, Eko-endüstriyel Parklar, Girişimci Devlet, Piyasa, Yeni Kurumsalcılık

Analysing the Role of the State in the Transformation of Industrial Parks to Eco-industrial Parks

Öz

This study analyses the transformation of industrial parks to eco-industrial parks from a new institutionalist theoretical perspective. The worsening climate crisis has made the existing Linear Economic (LE) system dysfunctional; thus, a need for systemic change has emerged across the globe. As a result of this need, the idea of Circular Economy (CE) has gained popularity. The CE particularly aims to replace the linearity in economic actions originating from the LE’s “take-make-use-dispose” logic with the circularity of economic actions constructed through a “recycle-reuse-reduce” logic. At this point, the transformation of industrial parks to eco-industrial parks in line with the CE principles constitutes a useful case to see how the idea of the CE can be institutionalized. The study argues that the market actors cannot effectively initiate this transformation due to their short-run interest calculations and path-dependence on the existing LE system. On the other hand, the state with its strong institutional power could play a catalyst role accelerating this transformation process. In particular, the state could provide regulative, financial, technological, and societal network support to the market actors to deal with their dependence on the LE system. However, the state should become entrepreneurial, but not interventionist in this process. It should have a horizontal governance approach and put infrastructural help, communication, networks and learning at the centre. This means that the state should become a path-opener but not the dominator of the mentioned transformation process. Therefore, rather than obsessive ideological debates over the state versus the market, the focal point should be the proper functionality of the state and market in the establishment of a sustainable circular system to cope with the worsening climate crisis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Climate Crisis, Circular Economy, Eco-industrial Parks, Entrepreneurial State, Market, New Institutionalism

Kaynakça

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