PSİKOLOJİK TRAVMALARDAN KORUNMA VE TEDAVİ

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 14, 216 - 230, 01.04.2018

Yener Özen

Öz

Psikolojik travmanın merkezi deneyimleri, başkalarıyla bağların kopması ve güçsüzleşmedir. Bu yüzden iyileşme, mağdurun güçlendirilmesi ve yeni bağların yaratılması üzerine temellenir. Psikolojik travma, kişinin güçsüzlüğüyle yüz yüze gelmesi durumudur. Travma anında kişi karşı konulamaz bir güç tarafından çaresiz bırakılır. Travmatik olay bize denetleme, bağlantı kurma ve anlamlandırma duyumlarını veren olağan baş etme sistemlerini felce uğratır. Travmatik olaylar en şiddetli ve üst düzey stres kaynaklarını içerir. İnsan yaşantısının farklı alanlarında karşı karşıya kalınabilecek gündelik stres kaynakları daha beklendik ve sıradandır; olasılıkları ve kontrol edilebilirlikleri yüksektir. Travmalar ise sıradan stres kaynaklarının dışında kalan, beklenmedik, olasılığı ve kontrol edilebilirliği düşük durumlardır. Travmatik olaylar aynı zamanda, kişilerin önceki şemalarının ve dünyanın güvenilir, öngörülebilir bir yer olduğuna ilişkin temel psikolojik varsayımlarının yıkılmasına neden olarak, yaşamda bir düzen ve süreklilik olduğu inancının kaybolmasına yol açar. Travmatik yaşantıyla birlikte, kişiler kaygı/korku verici duygu ve deneyimlerle başa çıkmalarını sağlayacak içsel ya da dışsal bir güvenli yere sahip oldukları duygusunu kaybederler. Birbiri üstüne eklenen stres kaynaklarının ortak etkisi de, görece daha az incinebilir bireylerde bile travma benzeri tepkilere neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada travma, travma oluşumları ve travma sağaltımında uygulanacak yöntemler tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Travma, Travmadan Korunma, Travma Tanısı, Travma Tedavisi

PROTECTION AND TREATMENT FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA

Öz

The central experiences of psychological trauma are the breakdown of ties with others and the weakening of them. Therefore, healing is based on the strengthening of the victim and the creation of new ties. Psychological trauma is when someone comes face to face with weakness. At the time of trauma the person is left helpless by an irresistible force. The traumatic event catastrophizes the usual coping systems that give us the feeling of supervision, connection and meaning. Traumatic events include the most severe and high-level stress sources. The sources of everyday stress that can be encountered in different areas of human experience are expected and ordinary; possibilities and controllability. Traumas are unexpected, unlikely, and uncontrollable, except for ordinary stress sources. Traumatic events also lead to the disappearance of the belief that there is an order and continuity in life, leading to the destruction of basic psychological assumptions about the previous schemes of the person and the world as a reliable and predictable place. Along with the traumatic experience, people lose the sense of having an internal or external safe place that will enable them to cope with anxiety / fearful emotions and experiences. The common effect of stress sources on each other can lead to trauma-like reactions even in less vulnerable individuals. In this study trauma, trauma formation and methods to be applied in trauma treatment are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Trauma, Prevention from Trauma, Trauma Diagnosis, Trauma Treatment

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