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Belek Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi Su Kalitesinin Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Yöntemler ile Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 719 - 741, 18.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1433923

Öz

Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde deniz kaplumbağalarının yuvalama alanı olarak koruma altında olan Belek Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesindeki yüzey sularının uzun yıllar periyodundaki kalite değişimlerinin değerlendirilmesinde istatistiksel metotların kullanımı hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında 2005-2020 yılları arasında (15 yıl) koruma alanı içinde yer alan yüzeysel su kaynaklarına ait su kalitesi analiz sonuçları değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Yüzeysel su kalitesinin sınıflandırılmasında ülkemizde yürürlükte olan Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği standart değerleri çerçevesinde fiziko-kimyasal ve biyolojik parametre verileri analiz edilmiş ve su kalite sınıfları belirlenmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde çok değişkenli istatistiki yöntemlerden Kümeleme Analizi metodolojisi kullanılmıştır. Kümeleme analizi sonucunda istatistiksel manada anlamlı üç küme tespit edilmiştir. Yerüstü Su Kalitesine göre yapılan kalite sınıflandırması ve Hiyerarşik Kümeleme Analizi benzerlik göstermiştir. Oluşan kümeler neticesinde genel su kalitesi durumunun; Acısu Deresi’nin II. Sınıf (İyi Kalite), Köprüçay Deresi’nin I. Sınıf (Çok İyi Kalite), Sarısu Deresi’nin I. Sınıf (Çok İyi Kalite), Kömürcüler Deresi’nin II. Sınıf (İyi Kalite) ve Ilıca Deresi’nin III. Sınıf (Orta Kalite) olduğu çalışmalar sonunda görülmüştür. İstatistiki değerlendirmede kullanılan Temel Bileşenler Analizine göre dört faktör belirlenmiş, toplam varyansın % 91,04’ünü açıklamıştır. Sadece birinci faktör toplam varyansın % 59’unu açıklamaktadır. Özdeğeri en fazla olan değişkenlerin; Toplam Koliform, Toplam Kjehldal Azotu, Fekal Koliform, Toplam Azot, Toplam Fosfor olduğu temel bileşenler analiz sonuçlarına göre açıklanmıştır. Genel manada kirleticilerin turizm tesisleri, evsel kaynaklı kirleticiler ve yoğun tarımsal faaliyetlerden kaynaklandığı öngörülmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda istatistiksel olarak belirlenen faktör parametrelerin sahadaki su kalitesi izleme çalışmalarında öncelikli olarak kullanılabilecek parametreler olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı - Tabiat Varlıklarını Koruma Genel Müdürlüğü

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı, Tabiat Varlıklarını Koruma Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından yürütülen “Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgelerinde Su Kalitesinin ve Atıksu Arıtma Tesislerinin Verimliliğinin İzlenmesi Projesi” kapsamında elde edilmiştir. Verilerin temin edildiği Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı’na teşekkürler.

Kaynakça

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  • Arslan, O. (2008). Su Kalitesi verilerinin CBS ile Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Analizi. HKM Jeodezi, Jeoinformasyon ve Arazi Yönetimi Dergisi, (2):99.
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Evaluation Of Water Quality in Belek Special Environmental Protection Zone with Multivariate Statistics

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 719 - 741, 18.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1433923

Öz

In this study, the use of statistical methods is aimed at evaluating the long-term periodic changes in the quality of surface waters in the Belek Special Environmental Protection Area, designated as a nesting area for sea turtles in our country. Within the scope of the study, water quality analysis results for surface water sources within the protected area were considered for the years 2005-2020 (15 years). Physico-chemical and biological parameter data were analyzed based on the standard values of the Surface Water Quality Regulation in effect in our country, and water quality classes were determined. Cluster Analysis methodology, a multivariate statistical method, was used to evaluate the data. As a result of cluster analysis, three statistically significant clusters were identified. The classification of water quality according to Surface Water Quality and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis showed similarity. As a result of the clusters formed, it was observed that the overall water quality situation was Class II (Good Quality) for Acısu Stream, Class I (Very Good Quality) for Köprüçay Stream, Class I (Very Good Quality) for Sarısu Stream, Class II (Good Quality) for Kömürcüler Stream, and Class III (Medium Quality) for Ilıca Stream. According to Principal Components Analysis, four factors were determined, explaining 91.04% of the total variance, with the first factor alone explaining 59% of the total variance. The variables with the highest eigenvalues, according to the results of the principal components analysis, were Total Coliform, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, Fecal Coliform, Total Nitrogen, and Total Phosphorus. In general, it is anticipated that pollutants originate from tourism facilities, domestic sources, and intensive agricultural activities. The study concluded that the statistically determined factor parameters are prioritized parameters that can be used in water quality monitoring studies in the field.

Kaynakça

  • Akin, B., and Kirmizigul, O. (2007). Heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of Gokçekaya Dam Lake, Eskişehir, Turkey. Environmental Earth Sciences, (76):402.
  • Akin, B., Atici. T., Katircioglu, H., and Keskin, F. (2011). Investigation of water quality on Gokcekaya dam lake using multivariate statistical analysis, in Eskisehir, Turkey. Environmental Earth Sciences, (63):1251–1261.
  • Alam, A., and Singh, A. (2023). Groundwater quality assessment using SPSS based on multivariate statistics and water quality index of Gaya, Bihar (India). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, (195): 687.
  • Altunyüzük, A.İ. (2022). Coğrafi Özellikleri Yönüyle Belek’te (Antalya) Kongre Turizmi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Coğrafya Anabilim Dalı, Bursa.
  • Álvarez-Rogel, J.0., Jiménez-Cárceles, F.J., and Nicolás, C.E. (2006). Phosphorus and nitrogen content in the water of a coastal wetland in the Mar Menor lagoon: relationships with effluents from urban and agricultural areas. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 173(1-4): 21-38.
  • Arıman, S., and Koyuncu, S. (2019). Su Kirliliği Açısından Hassas Alanların İzlenmesi: Kızılırmak Deltası-Balık Gölü. Journal of Engineering Sciences and Design, 7(4), 705 – 714.
  • Arslan, O. (2008). Su Kalitesi verilerinin CBS ile Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Analizi. HKM Jeodezi, Jeoinformasyon ve Arazi Yönetimi Dergisi, (2):99.
  • Aydın Uncumusaoğlu, A., and Mutlu, E. (2021). Water Quality Assessment in Karaboğaz Stream Basin (Turkey) from a Multi-Statistical Perspective. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 30(5), 4747-4759.
  • Bakır, S. (2019). Türkiye’de Küreselleşme Süreci ve Korunan Alanlar Üzerine Etkisi: Datça Bozburun Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı – Çevresel Etki Değerlendirmesi, İzin ve Denetim Genel Müdürlüğü, (2021). Çevresel Göstergeler (2020): 77, 155-156.
  • Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı, Çevresel Etki Değerlendirmesi, İzin ve Denetim Genel Müdürlüğü, (2021), Türkiye Çevre Durum Raporu, (6):228.
  • Chawishborwornworng, C., Luanwuthi, S., Umpuch C., and Puchongkawarin, C. (2024). Bootstrap approach for quantifying the uncertainty in modeling of the water quality index using principal component analysis and artificial intelligence. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 23(1):17-33.
  • Cho, Y-C., Choi, H., Lee, M-G., Kim, S-H., and Im, J-K. (2022). Identification and Apportionment of Potential Pollution Sources Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques and APCS-MLR Model to Assess Surface Water Quality in Imjin River Watershed, South Korea. Water, 14(5):793.
  • Dalal, S.G., Shirodkar, P.V., Jagtap, T.G., Naik, B.G., and Rao, G.S. (2010). Evaluation of significant sources influencing the variation of water quality of Kandla Creek, Gulf of Katchchh, using PCA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, (16): 49–56.
  • Dalkıran, N., Karacaoğlu, D., Taş, D., Karabayırlı, G., Atak, S., Koşucu, T.N.A., Coşkun, F., ve Akay, E. (2020). Mustafakemalpaşa Çayı’nın (Bursa) Su Kalitesinin Faktör Analizi Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi, Acta Aquatica Turcica, 16(1), 124-137.
  • de Andrade Costa, D., Soares de Azevedo, J.P., dos Santos, M.A., and dos Santos Facchetti Vinhaes Assumpção, R. (2020). Water quality assessment based on multivariate statistics and water quality index of a strategic river in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Scientific Reports, 10.
  • Egbueri, J.C. (2022). Incorporation of information entropy theory, artificial neural network, and soft computing models in the development of integrated industrial water quality index. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, (194): 693.
  • Einax, J.W., Zwanziger, H.W., and Geiss, S. (1997). Chemometrics in Environmental Analysis. Winheim: Wiley ISBN: 3-527-28772-8.
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Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çevre Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ömer Faruk Özcan 0000-0003-0960-4903

Prof. Dr. Beril Akın 0000-0003-1730-154X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 28 Nisan 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özcan, Ö. F., & Akın, P. D. B. (2024). Belek Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi Su Kalitesinin Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Yöntemler ile Değerlendirilmesi. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(2), 719-741. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1433923